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Protocol for the process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a school-based intervention to prevent anxiety and depression in Malaysia: the MyHeRo study
No full textRelational depth as predictor of mental health outcomes in psychotherapy:random intercept cross-lagged analyses
No full textBACKGROUND: Relational Depth (RD) in psychotherapy patients has been associated with positive outcomes using qualitative and correlational designs. No research has assessed whether the frequency of RD over the course of therapy can predict outcomes using a more robust longitudinal design in a clinical setting.METHODS: In a UK psychotherapy clinic, 1,086 clients (501 females, 234 males, 347 "prefer not to say," and 4 other) completed the Relational Depth Frequency Scale (RDFS), the Agnew Relationship Measure-5 (ARM-5, therapeutic alliance), the CORE-10 (psychological distress, primary outcome), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (depression), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (anxiety) at intake and then every four sessions over the course of long-term psychotherapy. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) were used to assess the associations between variables within participant.RESULTS: Frequency of RD was a significant predictor of change in depression ( t = -2.56, p = .010; r = -.060 medium effect size), and anxiety symptoms ( t = -2.081, p = .037; r = -.050 medium effect size), but did not predict change in general psychological distress ( t = -1.545, p = .122; r = -.038 small effect size). None of the outcome variables predicted future change in RDFS. The alliance was not a significant predictor of (nor predicted by) change on the three outcome variables. RDFS was a predictor of alliance ( t = 3.510, p < .001; r = .103 medium to large effect size), but the alliance was not a significant predictor of RDFS. CONCLUSION: Experiences of relational depth between psychotherapist and client may be an important determinant of outcomes. Future research should focus on strategies for facilitating RD in psychotherapy.</p
‘There’s this divide, the nice part and the chaotic part’: university students’ journeys to the classroom as an emotional experience
No full textDiscussions about the student experience of higher education have become paramount in the wake of a (post)pandemic landscape. This article examines student geographies by focusing on the everyday travel practices that students engage in as they journey to the classroom. In doing so, it considers the potential effect these journeys may have on the student experience and consequently their wellbeing. This research employs a multidisciplinary approach utilising sociology, emotional geography and mobilities studies to conceptualise the journey to the classroom as one where emotions intersect with notions of space. To accomplish this, a project with 17 undergraduate students was conducted using focus groups and interviews along with the visual methods of autophotography (‘photo diaries’) and map drawing. This methodological approach meant journeys were explored in a more interpretive way as both a physical and emotional experience for the students to reflect on. Findings from this project acknowledge the nuance of emotional challenges faced by these students through three key themes that arose during these journeys: students’ concern about lateness, the emotional significance of their transitions through different spaces, and the reliance on emotion management mechanisms where negative emotional states were experienced. This article emphasises the importance of providing space for student expression, reflection and reflexivity to counter the emotional challenges they may face and which recognises the emotion work they engage in during this journey
Key Characteristics-associated End-points for Evaluating Mechanistic Evidence of Carcinogenic Hazards - IARC Monographs Technical Report
No full textIsrael’s Laws of War: The Waning of Moral Claims Among Military Lawyers
No full textThis article examines how military legal practitioners use the language of morality and when they refrain from doing so, and it considers the correlations between these presentations of morality and state violence. The article investigates such presentations of law and morality in the context of Israel’s legal institutions, exploring the impacts on Israel’s dealings with Palestinians, as well as in the context of colonial and settler colonial projects, where law and its depiction as a reflection of morality have long provided legitimation and justification. The article identifies a waning in the depiction of military legal work as a moral endeavour in the early 2000s, when the military legal system, aided by other state legal authorities, promoted a new paradigm—“armed conflict short of war”. This paradigm facilitated increased violence and integrated legal considerations and lawyers into decision-making forums. The article suggests that the decline in moral claims is a product of the intensified integration of legal work into military decision making rather than the increase in violence in and of itself. This integration changed the nature of legal work in a manner that, for some officers, proved hard to fit with a notion of morality
Explainable Cluster-Based Predictive Framework for Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Behavioral Biomarkers
No full textBackground/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric condition characterized by early behavioral irregularities that often precede formal diagnosis. Timely and precise detection remains a major clinical challenge due to the complexity of behavioral manifestations and the limited accessibility of diagnostic resources. Methods: In this study, we present an explainable machine learning framework for the early diagnosis of ASD using behavioral biomarkers derived from toddler screening data. The framework integrates unsupervised learning (DBSCAN and K-means clustering) to identify latent behavioral patterns, followed by predictive modeling using logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). To ensure transparency and clinical interpretability, a SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis is employed to quantify the contribution of each behavioral feature to the model's predictions. Results: Experimental evaluations reveal that the RF model achieves the highest accuracy (98.85%), followed by SVM (97.70%) and LR (90.53%). The explainability results highlight meaningful and clinically relevant behavioral indicators associated with ASD risk. Conclusions: The proposed framework not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but also promotes interpretable AI for real-world integration into neuropsychiatric assessment pipelines
Sugar Intake Is Associated With Increased Odds of Depression and Anxiety: Evidence From A Cross‐Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground and Aims: The current study aimed to assess the associations between (i) total and specific sugar intake, (ii) dietary exposures that met Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) selection criteria for risk factors, and depression and anxiety. Methods: In this online cross‐sectional study that took place between 2022 and 2024 in the United Kingdom, 377 participants between the ages of 18–66 years (M = 26.09; SD = 8.48) completed the: EPIC‐Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire from which overall sugar intake, specific sugar intake (fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose) and GBD dietary exposures were derived; and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales from which likely depression and anxiety cases were identified. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 12.5% and 16.4%, respectively. Separate logistic regression models assessing the associations between dietary intake and depression) and anxiety revealed that total sugar intake was associated with greater odds of depression (OR: 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02) and anxiety (OR: 1.01, 95%CI 1.01–1.02). Specifically, higher sucrose intake was associated with greater odds of anxiety (OR: 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.05), while higher intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages was associated with increased odds of both depression (OR: 1.00, 95%CI 1.00–1.01) and anxiety (OR: 1.00, 95%CI 1.00–1.01). Conclusion: While higher overall sugar intake was associated with both depression and anxiety, sucrose intake emerged as a specific factor associated with increased odds of anxiety, and higher sugar‐sweetened beverages intake with depression and anxiety, warranting further investigation into their potential role in mental health outcomes
Help! I need somebody: Development and validation of the Romantic Support-Seeking (RoSS) scale
Get PDFResearch has established distinct categories of support-seeking behaviors, including direct, indirect, emotional, and instrumental support-seeking. However, no existing scale incorporates all four types of support-seeking within romantic relationships in one measure. Understanding how individuals seek support from romantic partners is crucial for managing stress, relationship satisfaction, and well-being. We aimed to create and validate the Romantic Support-Seeking (RoSS) scale, grounded in theory and empirical data. In Study 1 (N = 117 students), we used open-ended questions to gain knowledge on support-seeking behaviors and inform item development. In Study 2 (N = 491), we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to assess the factor structure and select the highest-loading items. In Study 3 (N = 355 students), we used confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the factor structure and provide preliminary construct validity evidence by correlating the subscales with measures of attachment, relationship quality, and coping. We identified four reliable subscales: direct emotional support-seeking; direct instrumental support-seeking; indirect support-seeking; and no support wanted. This accounts for each type of support-seeking, and individuals who choose to manage distress alone instead of seeking support. The RoSS is a significant advancement over existing measures because it captures the full spectrum of romantic support-seeking. The samples were predominantly young, White, and female so future work should address whether the scale applies to other demographic groups. This has clinical and research implications for understanding support dynamics in relationships and their links to individual and relational outcomes, which may be used in counselling to help couples navigate distress effectively
