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A qualitative systematic review protocol for a synthesis of teachers’ and learners’ experiences with the Teaching and Learning Toolkit
No full textThe best available evidence on educational strategies should inform the decision-making of teachers, policy-makers, and other stakeholders in the field of education. The Teaching and Learning Toolkit created by the UK-based Education Endowment Foundation (EEF Toolkit) is recognized as one of the most important tools providing information on effectiveness, costs, and certainty of evidence for 30 education strategies. However, the latest version of the EEF Toolkit from 2021 does not provide information on users’ experience with the strategies. Therefore, we selected the 10 most effective strategies and designed a protocol for a qualitative systematic review to summarize the experiences of teachers/learners (aged 3–18 years) with these selected strategies in the context of schooling. All stages of this systematic review will be conducted and reported in line with JBI methodology and PRISMA 2020 statement. The search will be carried out in following information sources: APA PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), PubMed (NLM), ERIC (EBSCOhost), SocINDEX with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCOhost), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus (Elsevier), ProQuest Central (ProQuest), OpenDissertations (EBSCOhost), ProQuest & Dissertation Theses (Clarivate Analytics), and Google Scholar (Google). The selection of relevant studies, critical appraisal, data extraction and synthesis will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The ConQual approach will be used to assess the certainty of evidence of all synthetized findings
Experimenter evidence unmasking as a confound in optional stopping
Get PDFOptional stopping refers to the practice of repeatedly performing a statistical analysis on a dataset as new data are collected until a pre-specified decision criterion is reached. This procedure is often adopted because of its effectiveness in optimizing data collection. Discussions of optional stopping to date have primarily centred around statistical issues, with relatively little consideration of any methodological implications of this procedure. Building on recent work drawing attention to methodological biases arising from the use of optional stopping, we highlight experimenter awareness of the current evidence state during data collection (experimenter evidence unmasking) as a salient methodological confound of optional stopping. We argue that experimenter evidence unmasking has the potential to influence an experimenter to implicitly or explicitly modify their behaviour in ways that can reduce the internal validity of an experiment. We conclude by offering recommendations for circumventing this confound and for the transparent reporting of experimenter evidence masking procedures
Securing the Road Ahead: A Survey on Internet of Vehicles Security Powered by a Conceptual Blockchain‐Based Intrusion Detection System for Smart Cities
No full textThe Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a critical component of the smart city. Various nodes exchange sensitive data for urban mobility, such as identification, position, messages, speed, and traffic statistics. Along with developing smart cities come threats to privacy and security through networks. Security is of the highest priority, considering various security‐privacy risks from the wellness, safety, and confidentiality of men and women inside the vehicle. This survey presents a detailed analysis of state‐of‐the‐art and evolving security challenges to IoV systems. It handles security challenges, such as data integrity and privacy. It also includes a critical review of the literature to identify gaps in current security mechanisms. It uses complete mathematical modeling and case studies to show the practical effectiveness of the proposed solutions. It aims to guide future development and implementation of more secure, efficient, and resilient IoV systems, particularly in smart city environments. It also introduces a novel Intrusion Detection System (IDS) with Artificial Intelligence (AI), smart contracts, and blockchain technology. These smart contracts ensure instant security with the utmost level of vulnerability through blockchain technology. In addition, we proposed a hybrid multi‐layered framework using Fog to conserve the resources at the vehicle level. We used mathematical proof to assess this framework. Merging blockchain, smart contracts, and AI into IoVs could increase human security by removing significant vulnerabilities
Working with Local Traveller Communities to Develop Inclusive Practice and Cultural Awareness in Lincolnshire. Report 1: Identifying and Sharing Good Practice
Get PDFNavigating Relationships with GenAI Chatbots: User Attitudes, Acceptability, and Potential
No full textDespite the growing adoption of GenAI chatbots in health and well-being contexts, little is known about public attitudes toward their use for relationship support or the factors shaping acceptance and effectiveness. This study aims to address the research gap across three studies. Study 1 involved five focus groups with 30 young people to gauge general attitudes toward GenAI chatbots in relationship contexts. Study 2 evaluated user experiences during a single relationship intervention session with 20 participants. Study 3 quantitatively measured changes in attitudes toward GenAI chatbots and online interventions among 260 participants, assessed before, immediately after, and two weeks following their interaction with a GenAI chatbot or a writing task. Three main themes emerged in Studies 1 and 2: Accessible First-Line Treatment, Artificial Advice for Human Connection, and Internet Archive. Additionally, Study 1 revealed themes of Privacy vs. Openness and Are We in a Black Mirror Episode?, while Study 2 uncovered themes of Exceeding Expectations and Supporting Neurodivergence. The Study 3 results indicated that GenAI chatbot interactions led to reduced effort expectancy and short-term effects in increased acceptance and decreased objections to GenAI chatbots, though these effects were not sustained at a two-week follow-up. Both intervention types improved general attitudes toward online interventions, suggesting that exposure can enhance the uptake of digital health tools. This research underscores the evolving role of GenAI chatbots in augmenting therapeutic practices, highlighting their potential for personalized, accessible, and effective relationship interventions in the digital age
Exploring loneliness in the life stories of adults who have a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder
No full textAppetite Responses Over 24 Hours Before and after 12-Weeks of Resistance Exercise in Older Male Adults: Secondary Data Analysis of a Randomised Trial
No full textBackground: Despite resistance exercise (RE) being a key component of landmark recommendations for weight control, there is still a paucity of data on the effects of RE on appetite. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 12-weeks RE on appetite. Methods: Thirty-three older men (67±4 years) were included in this secondary pooled data analysis of a 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-arm parallel group trial. In the present analysis, RE (2x/week at 80% 1RM; n = 17) and no exercise (NE; n = 16) groups were pooled and compared to one another. Appetite profile was measured over 24 hours inside a metabolic chamber at baseline and post 12-weeks using visual analogue scales (VAS). Mixed-model ANCOVA was undertaken for appetite related outcomes and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal method. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: No significant group-by-time (p≥0.21) or group-by-time-by-time point (p≥0.10) differences occurred between groups for VAS hunger, satiety, fullness or desire to eat. Similarly, no significant differences were observed for 24-hour VAS AUC for hunger (p=0.35), satiety (p=0.58), fullness (p=0.41), or desire to eat (p=0.21). Discussion: The present study found no change in appetite following 12-weeks RE in older adult males. Longer term implications for energy intake remain to be elucidated, but regardless, RE should continue to be undertaken throughout the life course and be included as part of physical activity recommendations for optimal health in old age due to the many physical, mental health and functional benefits
‘Exploiting PP2A dependent and independent effects of forskolin for therapeutic targeting of KMT2A (MLL)‐rearranged acute leukaemia’
No full textBackground and Purpose: Activation of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), via genetic and pharmacologic modulation of SET, has recently being identified as a promising strategy to therapeutically target acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) carrying KMT2A (MLL) chromosomal translocations (KMT2A‐r AML). Experimental Approach: In this study, we investigated the expression of PP2A subunits and the therapeutic potential of forskolin, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevating natural compound that has been reported as a PP2A activator. Key Results: Our data show that PPP2CA encoding protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit α is abundantly expressed in KMT2A‐r AML cells. Treatment with forskolin arrests proliferation; induces cell death; represses the expression of MYC, HOXA9 and HOXA10; stimulates PP2A activity; and attenuates the activity of ERK1/2 in KMT2A‐r AML cells. Forskolin increases sensitivity to standard‐of‐care daunorubicin in KMT2A‐AML cell lines and PDX. Silencing PPP2CA partially rescues the cytotoxic effect of forskolin, stimulates ERK1/2, inhibits GSK3β, and abolishes the forskolin‐mediated repression of c‐MYC and HOXA10, but it did not affect the potentiation of response to daunorubicin. This effect was also not dependent on increase of cAMP, but it was because of increase in the intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, through inhibition of drug efflux pump P‐glycoprotein 1 (multidrug resistance protein). Conclusions and Implications: In conclusion, our findings highlight a novel mechanism of action for forskolin and support a potential role of this natural compound in combination with current conventional agent daunorubicin in the treatment of KMT2A‐r AML
