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Aluminium nitride nanowire array films for nanomanufacturing applications
No full textThe present paper presents a systematic investigation of both catalyst free and catalyst assisted AlN nanowire synthesis by chemical vapour deposition using Al and NH3 as source materials. Growth runs have mostly been carried out at 1100°C under H2 as carrier gas. While the catalyst free growth runs resulted in long (∼40 μm) and dense AlN nanowire array films, the catalyst assisted growth resulted in short nanowires (3-5 μm). Growth mechanisms have been presented. Raman spectroscopy of the catalyst free grown nanowires has revealed very symmetric and strong phonon modes [e.g. strong E2 (high)] indicating very good crystal quality of the grown AlN nanowires. In brief, catalyst free growth eliminates catalyst contamination and produces high quality and density of long nanowires, which is very valuable for scale-up manufacturing opportunities of the AlN nanostructures
Resource allocation in multi-class dynamic PERT networks with finite capacity
No full textIn this paper, the resource allocation problem in multi-class dynamic PERT networks with finite capacity of concurrent projects (COnstant Number of Projects In Process (CONPIP)) is studied. The dynamic PERT network is modeled as a queuing network, where new projects from different classes (types) are generated according to independent Poisson processes with different rates over the time horizon. Each activity of a project is performed at a devoted service station with one server located in a node of the network, whereas activity durations for different classes in each service station are independent and exponentially distributed random variables with different service rates. Indeed, the projects from different classes may be different in their precedence networks and also the durations of the activities. For modeling the multi-class dynamic PERT networks with CONPIP, we first consider every class separately and convert the queueing network of every class into a proper stochastic network. Then, by constructing a proper finite-state continuous-time Markov model, a system of differential equations is created to compute the project completion time distribution for any particular project. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective model with three objectives to optimally control the resources allocated to the service stations. Finally, we develop a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to solve this multi-objective problem, using the goal attainment formulation. We also compare the SA results against the results of a discrete-time approximation of the original optimal control problem, to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution technique
Cluster as a development policy tool: the turkish experience
No full textClusters became very popular in the last decade as a development policy tool in the world. In this study, we analyzed the Turkish experience of cluster-based development policies. Following a secondary research regarding the Turkish experience, we conducted in-depth interviews with cluster experts from various state organizations, universities, and private sector companies. Our findings show even if a vast amount of resources were spent by the state organizations for the cluster development projects, the outcome is not as successful as the cluster development projects led by the private sector
Improved byte caching techniques
No full textByte caching (also known as redundancy elimination) is a commonly used technique in practice to compress data streams in data networks. The congestion of a bottleneck link can be significantly reduced when byte caching is implemented in both ends of the link. We propose four techniques to improve the original byte caching method. Two of these techniques offer better fingerprint sampling for caching and the other two offer better management of fingerprints to increase the likelihood of matching. The implementations of these techniques improve the compression ratio of the original byte caching method by 10-20%, which is a significant boost to the efficiency of byte caching methods. Proposed techniques can be implemented with minimal to moderate overhead compared with the original byte caching method
Political liberalism for post-islamist, muslim-majority societies
No full textThis article tries to develop a moderate reading of political liberalism applicable to post-Islamist, Muslim-majority societies. Contrary to the strong reading, which considers political liberalism as limited in its scope to those societies that already have a strong liberal tradition, I argue that Rawls’ project does have something to offer to reasonable post-Islamist, Muslim individuals. In part I of the article the idea of a post-Islamist, Muslim-majority society is conceptualized and explained. Part II focuses on the Rawlsian ideas of justification, demonstrating that the conceptions of justification available in political liberalism, i.e. political constructivism, wide reflective equilibrium and a wide view of public reasoning with its ideas of declaration and conjecture, can justify the political conception of justice for reasonable individuals living in any society, including post-Islamist ones. Focusing on Rawls’ notions of stability in part III, I argue that the idea of overlapping consensus should not be considered as the only account of stability offered by political liberalism. Put another way, notwithstanding the strong reading of political liberalism in real western and post-Islamist democracies, liberal stability is always a mixture of overlapping consensus and modus vivendi
Vahideddinin tahta davet edildiği oda
No full textTaha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 120-Saraylar. Not : Gazetenin "Tarihten Sahifeler" köşesinde yayımlanmıştır.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033
The Turkish state as a "neoliberal leviathan" under the AKP rule : the case of private security companies
No full textThis study focuses on private security companies as a component of the AKP’s security policies, which has enabled the Turkish state to extend its dominance over the society. The AKP era, spanning over ten years in Turkey, is a continuity of the neoliberal transformation that began with the Özal era in the 1980s. As the new actor of neoliberal transformation in Turkey, the AKP has implemented the transformation in question extensively. Thus, the AKP reign has become a period when the institutionalization of neoliberal regime in Turkey has become perceivable with all its aspects. In this study, the revamping of the state dominance in the neoliberal era is discussed within the theoretical analysis of Loïc Wacquant’s anthropology of neoliberalism. The study treats the AKP’s role in constituting the neoliberal hegemony as a period that has institutionalized the state control by recalling Wacquant’s notion of the “Neoliberal Leviathan.” In this manner, the study links the revamping of the state authority with the rise of privatization of the security services. The ratification of Law 5188 on Private Security Services enacted during the AKP era is portrayed as the step that lays the foundation for the existing private security sector in Turkey. Thus, this study concludes that private security companies enlarge the state’s capacities of surveillance and supervision.ABSTRACT................................................................................................................V
ÖZ................................................................................................................................VDEDICATION...........................................................................................................VIIACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... VIII
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ IX
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1CHAPTER
1. THE REVAMPING OF THE STATE DOMINANCE ............................................. 4
1.1.The Market Rule Approach ................................................................................. 7
1.2. The Governmentality Approach ....................................................................... 10
1.3. Wacquant’s Notion Of The “Neoliberal Leviathan” ........................................ 13
2. THE TRANSITION TO NEOLIBERALISM IN TURKEY ................................... 16
2.1. The AKP Era .....................................................................................................20
3. THE TURKISH STATE AS A “NEOLIBERAL LEVIATHAN” UNDER THE AKP RULE.................................................................................................................. 24
3.1. The Increased Domain Of Executive Power .................................................... 25
3.2. The Integration Of The Three Branches Of The State – The Executive, The Legislative And The Judicial................................................................................... 26
3.3. Rising Role Of Mass Media ............................................................................. 28
3.4. Neoliberal Populism ......................................................................................... 30
3.5. Reconfiguration Of The Field Of National Security ........................................ 32
4. RECONFIGURATION OF THE SECURITY FIELD IN TURKEY ..................... 34
4.1. Security As A Perception .................................................................................. 34
4.2. The Reconfiguration Of National Security In Turkey During The Neolibera......................................................................................................................39
4.2.1. National Security ....................................................................................... 41
4.2.2. Neoliberalism And The Police Force In Turkey ........................................ 44
4.2.3. Lynch Culture And “Responsible Citizen” ................................................ 46
4.2.4. Bio-Administration .................................................................................... 50
4.2.5. Privatization Of Security ........................................................................... 54
5. PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES .................................................................... 56
5.1. An Overview Of The Privatization Of Security ............................................... 56
5.2. Private Security Companies In Turkey ............................................................. 57
5.2.1. Law 2495 ................................................................................................... 57
5.2.2. Law 5188 ................................................................................................... 61
5.2.3. The Nexus Of Private Security And The Public Force .............................. 63
5.2.4. Duties And Jurisdictions Of Private Security Guards, And The Police Society................................................................................................................. 65
5.2.5. The Private Security Sector And Its Relationship With The Public Force 67
5.2.6. Problems Of Private Security Sector ......................................................... 71
5.2.7. Private Security Companies And The Rise Of State Surveillance ............ 73
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................79
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................8
Past, present and future of losses in Turkish electric power systems
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi'ndedir.Turkey has an ongoing energy market reforms. The main aims of these reforms are in- creasing the quality and sustainability of services. It has high yearly demand increase which is foreseen as 7%. Therefore, it needs new generation investments. On the other side, under the frame of power sector reforms, the privatization process of distribution companies was completed in July 2013. Privatization process realized with the purpose of decreasing electric power losses in Turkey. This thesis has explored the past and present of losses and suggested strategies for the future while striving with the losses by using the experiences which has been faced in the Dicle electricity distribution re- gion having the largest loss ratio of Turkey. Losses in power sector depends on mainly geographical structure, socio-economical factors, and political conditions. Therefore, it requires various approaches in implementations of loss reduction plans which make the process hard. This thesis is combining past and current situation with the experiences from Dicle Region and suggests certain policies for loss reduction process in Turkey.Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iii
Öz iv
Acknowledgments vi
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Abbreviations xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Research Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Organization of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Literature Review 6
2.1 General Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Market Structure in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.1 Electricity Sector Reforming In Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 Market Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.3 Electricity Transmission in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.4 Electricity Generation in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.2.5 Electricity Distribution in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3 Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.3.1 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.3.2 Financial Aspect of Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3.3 Methodologies in Solving Loss Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3 Losses in Turkey with the Experiences in Dicle Region 43
3.1 Why Dicle Selected to Analyze Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.2 What are done, and faced with what kind of obstacles in the realization of projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.1 Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.2.2 Theft Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.3 What should be done to improve the projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4 Conclusion 66
A Annual Development of Number of Subscribers In Cities 69
B Annual Development of Consumption (MWh) In Cities 75
C Annual Development of Loss Ratios In Cities 80
D Annual Development of Losses (MWh) In Cities 87
E Annual Development of Accrual (MWh) In Cities 93
Bibliography 9
The problems of peacebuilding in the aftermath of war and the position of the international criminal tribunal for former Yugoslavian countries in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.The post-conflict peace-building initiatives have been playing a crucial role in the establishment of peace and in determining reconciliation in different parts of the World since the end of World War II. However, the responses of conflicting societies to the peace building initiatives have shown difference from one to another. Bosnia and Herzegovina have been the places where post-conflict peace-building initiatives in the conception of transitional justice mechanisms such as the establishment of justice, providing reparations of war victims, truth and reconciliation attempts and institutional reform process have been tried to be applied. The lack and problems faced during the practice of the abovementioned mechanisms directed the local and international societies’ attention towards the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavian Countries (ICTY) that became the most significant triggering force of justice and reconciliation process even though “reconciliation” was not legally mentioned by the ICTY. Twenty-two years have passed since the establishment of the ICTY, but unlike the other examples of internationally established courts, the prosecution process has not come to an end. In this study, the relationship between the ICTY and the three ethnic identities, Bosnian Muslims, the Serbian Orthodox, and the Croatian Catholics are examined through critical discourse analysis under three pillars, justice, peace, and the position of international order, by taking into consideration discussions that take place in publications of the newspapers, and magazines that belong to the Bosniaks, Bosnian Croats, or Bosnian Serbs, published in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv Öz ................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgement....................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... vii
List of Tables............................................................................................................... ix List of Maps ................................................................................................................. x Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTERS 1. The Development of the Theory of Transitional Justice and Its Mechanisms
1.1. 1st Phase of Transitional Justice ....................................................................... 6
1.2. 2nd Phase of Transitional Justice ...................................................................... 7
1.3. 3rd Phase of Transitional Justice ....................................................................... 9
1.4. The Judicial Process ....................................................................................... 10
1.5. The Process of Reparation .............................................................................. 13
1.6. The Process of Truth ...................................................................................... 15
1.7. Institutional Reform Process .......................................................................... 18
2. Comparison of Judicial, Truth, Reparation and Institutional Reform Initiatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.1. Background of the Bosnian Conflict .............................................................. 23
2.2. The National and International Initiatives in Promoting Justice in the Post - War Bosnia and Herzegovina..................................................................................... 26
2.3. Fact-Finding and Truth Seeking Mechanisms and Initiatives in Promoting Justice in the Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina ...................................................... 30
2.4. Whether the International Criminal Tribunals and Truth Commissions Work Together or Not in the Post-War Context of Bosnia and Herzegovina...................... 34
2.5. Reparation Initiatives in Promoting Justice in the Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................................................................... 38
2.6. Institutional Reforms in Promoting Justice in the Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................................................................... 41
3. The Position of the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavian Countries in the Mindset of the Three Ethnic Identities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
3.1. The Creation Process and the Purpose of the ICTY ....................................... 46
3.2. The Tribunal’s Outreach Programme.............................................................. 47
3.3. Key Challenges and Expectations from the ICTY .......................................... 50
3.4. The Relationship Between Reconciliation and the ICTY ............................... 54
3.5. The Issue of Justice ......................................................................................... 62 3.5.1. News Published Regarding the Issue of Justice. ....................................... 64
3.6. The Issue of Peace ........................................................................................... 74 3.6.1. News Published Regarding the Issue of Peace ......................................... 75
3.7. The Issue of International Order ..................................................................... 82
3.7.1. News Published Regarding the Issue of International Order . .................. 83 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 95
Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 10
Turkey’s judiciary and the drift toward competitive authoritarianism
No full textTurkey has always been considered an “illiberal democracy”, or in Freedom House’s terms, a “partly-free” country. In recent years, however, there has been a downward trend toward “competitive authoritarianism”. Such regimes are competitive in that opposition parties use democratic institutions to contest seriously for power, but they are not democratic because the playing field is heavily skewed in favour of incumbents. One of the methods employed by competitive authoritarian leaders is the use of informal mechanisms of repression. This, in turn, requires a dependent and cooperative judiciary. Thus, in Turkey the year 2014 can be described as a period when the governing AKP (Justice and Development Party) made a sustained and systematic effort to establish its control over the judiciary by means of a series of laws of dubious constitutionality