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Between brotherhood and hostility:cultural encounters between Armenian and Turkish communities in the Ottoman Empire (1908-1914)
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.The period between 1908 - 1914 offers a rich platform for the discussions on the relations of Armenians and Turks in the Ottoman Empire. The years, following the announcement of the constitution were bearing immense opportunities for two communities to encounter on cultural field. In addition to this, that was the last period before the outbreak of World War I and 1915. Besides those major incidents, there has been a number of relatively small-scale events which had been influential on the social relations of etho-religious elements of the empire; such as Adana Incidents of 1909, Balkan Wars as much as the discussions on the legal regulations. Considering the outcomes of these events, I aim to discuss two cases where two nations have encountered in this period. Firstly, Ahmet Şerif’s travel notes with the title of Anadolu’da Tanin will be discussed. Those involves his observations on the Anatolian cities and districts in 1909-13. He puts special emphasis on the relations of Turks and Armenians in his notes. The second case is the literary translations of Armenian intellectuals, from Armenian to Turkish; Abdülhamid ve Sherlock Holmes, Saliha Hanım, Ermeni Edebiyatı Numumeleri, and Hayat Olduğu Gibi. This thesis tries to present these two different cases where two communities encountered and they are discussed with their relation to Ottoman public sphere, which was expected to reflect the multiplicity of the empire, due to the fraternal discourse of the constitutional regime. The notions of fraternity, homeland and nationalism, as well as the theories related to these, are benefited to correlate, comprehend and explain these cases.ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iv ÖZ................................................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... vii
CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1
2. THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF THE POSTCONSTITUTIONAL ERA (1908–14): CULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF TURKS AND ARMENIANS .................................................................................................. 11
2.1. A Political Overview of the Period .............................................................. 12
2.2 The Emerge of Turkish Nationalism after the Announcement of the Constitution ......................................................................................................... 17
2.3. The 1908 Constitution and Armenians ........................................................ 19 \ud
2.4. The New Form of the Ottoman Public Sphere ............................................. 20
2.5. Press Activities ............................................................................................. 23
2.6. Literature ...................................................................................................... 28
2.7. Theater .......................................................................................................... 30
3. A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF ANADOLU’DA TANİN ........................................ 34
3.1. Ahmet Şerif’s Travel Notes Between 1909-1911 ........................................ 39
3.1.1. Social Harmony.................................................................................. 40
3.1.2 Education ............................................................................................ 43
3.1.3. Comparisons....................................................................................... 47
3.1.4. A Tour to a Special Region: Adana-Mersin-Konya ........................... 52
3.2. The Letters After Balkan Wars .................................................................... 57
4. LITERARY TRANSLATIONS FROM ARMENIAN TO TURKISH DURING 2ND CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD ........................................................................... 62
4.1. Unity around a Mutual Evil Figure: The Case of Yervant Odyan ............... 66
4.2. A Symbol of the Modern Ottoman Citizen: Krikor Zohrab and Hayat Olduğu Gibi ......................................................................................................... 72
4.3. A Belated Effort: Ermeni Edebiyati Numuneleri ......................................... 77
5. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 88
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... 9
Energy-climate-manufacturing nexus:new insights from the regional and global supply chains of manufacturing industries
No full textThe main objectives of this research are to improve our understanding of energy-climate-manufacturing nexus within the context of regional and global manufacturing supply chains as well as show the significance of full coverage of entire supply chain tiers in order to prevent significant underestimations, which might lead to invalid policy conclusions. With this motivation, a multi region input–output (MRIO) sustainability assessment model is developed by using the World Input–Output Database, which is a dynamic MRIO framework on the world’s 40 largest economies covering 1440 economic sectors. The method presented in this study is the first environmentally-extended MRIO model that harmonizes energy and carbon footprint accounts for Turkish manufacturing sectors and a global trade-linked carbon and energy footprint analysis of Turkish manufacturing sectors is performed as a case study. The results are presented by distinguishing the contributions of five common supply chain phases such as upstream suppliers, onsite manufacturing, transportation, wholesale, and retail trade. The findings showed that onsite and upstream supply chains are found to have over 90% of total energy use and carbon footprint for all industrial sectors. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply sector is usually found to be as the main contributor to global climate change, and Coke, Refined Petroleum, and Nuclear Fuel sector is the main driver of energy use in upstream supply chains. Overall, the largest portion of total carbon emissions of Turkish manufacturing industries is found in Turkey’s regional boundary that ranged between 40% and 60% of total carbon emissions. In 2009, China, United States, and Rest-of-the-World’s contribution is found to be more than 50% of total energy use of Turkish manufacturing. The authors envision that a global MRIO framework can provide a vital guidance for policy makers to analyze the role of global manufacturing supply chains and prevent significant underestimations due to inclusion of limited number of tiers for sustainable supply chain management research
Optimization of lte radio resource block allocation for maritime channels
No full textIn this study, we describe the behavior of LTE over the sea and investigate the problem of radio resource block allocation in such SINR limited maritime channels. For simulations of such sea environment, we considered a network scenario of Bosphorus Strait in Istanbul, Turkey with different number of ships ferrying between two ports at a given time. After exploiting the network characteristics, we formulated and solved the radio resource allocation problem by max-min integer linear programming method. The radio resource allocation fairness in terms of Jain's fairness index was computed and it was compared with round robin and opportunistic methods. Results show that the max-min optimization method performs better than the opportunistic and round robin methods. This result in turn reflects that the max-min optimization method gives us the high minimum best throughput as compared to other two methods considering different ship density scenarios in the sea. Also, it was observed that as the number of ships begin to increase in the sea, the max-min method performs significantly better with good fairness as compared to the other two methods
Application of the TOPSIS and intuitionistic fuzzy set approaches for ranking the life cycle sustainability performance of alternative vehicle technologies
No full textThis research involves two novel elements to advance the body of knowledge in existing sustainability assessment frameworks for alternative vehicle technologies. First, we developed an input–output based hybrid life cycle sustainability assessment model using several macro-level social, economic, and environmental indicators, taking into consideration the manufacturing of vehicles and batteries, operation, and end-of-life phases. Second, the results of a hybrid life cycle sustainability assessment for different conventional and alternative vehicles technologies (internal combustion electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles, and battery electric vehicles) are incorporated into the Technique for Order-Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. Two policy scenarios are considered in this analysis, with Scenario 1 being based on existing electric power infrastructure in the U.S. with no additional infrastructure requirements, while Scenario 2 is an extreme scenario in which the electricity to power electric vehicles is generated exclusively via solar charging stations. The Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution methods are then utilized to rank the life cycle sustainability performance of alternative passenger vehicles. Furthermore, since expert judgments play an important role in determining the relative performance of alternative vehicle technologies, a sustainability triangle analysis is also presented to show how the weighting applied to each dimension affects the selection of different alternatives. The results indicate that hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are the best alternatives for both Scenarios 1 and 2 when all of the indicators are considered. On the other hand, the ranking of vehicles changes significantly when each of the environmental, economic, and social indicators are evaluated individually. This proposed method can be a useful decision making platform for decision-makers to develop more effective policies and guide the offering of incentives to the right domains for sustainable transportation
Disambiguation points sampling heuristic for the stochastic obstacle scene problem
No full textThe stochastic obstacle scene problem (SOSP) is a challenging probabilistic path planning problem wherein an agent needs to traverse a spatial arrangement of possible obstacles and the agent can disambiguate the actual status of the obstacles (as true or false) en route at a cost. The goal is to find a policy that decides what and where to disambiguate so as to minimize the expected length of the traversal. Traditionally, optimization algorithms for SOSP first perform a lattice discretization of the obstacle field and then consider all (discrete) disambiguation points associated with the possible obstacles. In this work, using an AO*-based exact algorithm for SOSP, we illustrate that a random sampling of a small subset of all the available disambiguation points results in significant computational savings (more than 300-fold in some cases) at the expense of only minor deviations from the optimal expected path length. Our methodology is illustrated via computational experiments involving synthetic data as well as an actual naval minefield data set
Beyond the 'East-West' dichotomy:global variation in cultural models of selfhood
No full textMarkus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts
Food calorie measurement using deep learning neural network
No full textAccurate methods to measure food and energy intake are crucial for the battle against obesity. Providing users/patients with convenient and intelligent solutions that help them measure their food intake and collect dietary information are the most valuable insights toward long-term prevention and successful treatment programs. In this paper, we propose an assistive calorie measurement system to help patients and doctors succeed in their fight against diet-related health conditions. Our proposed system runs on smartphones, which allow the user to take a picture of the food and measure the amount of calorie intake automatically. In order to identify the food accurately in the system, we use deep convolutional neural networks to classify 10000 high-resolution food images for system training. Our results show that the accuracy of our method for food recognition of single food portions is 99%. The analysis and implementation of the proposed system are also described in this paper
A 140 MHz hardware channel emulator and FM directional wireless channel model for an outdoor environment
No full textTezin basılısı, İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.As the demand for higher data rates is increasing everyday, the behavior of certain channels ought to be more accurately described and modelled due to the higher sensitivity of thesignaltothechanneleffects. Forexample, theknowledgeofthedirectionsfromwhich the received signal arrives plays an important rule in the design of multiple-antennas systems. In this thesis, the general channel dynamics are studied. Several software and hardware wireless channel emulators are presented to show different approaches of modeling and emulating channels. Channel emulators are necessary for the performance assessment of the current wireless systems. In the thesis, we first present a software cluster based directional FM channel model for hilly outdoor environments. The model uses statistical and geometrical approaches to determine the time and directions from which different copies of the signal arrives. The model is based on the COST-259 model with modifications to better fit the FM band. A hardware emulator is also proposed and implemented in this research. The emulator can be used in testing the performance of communication systems on long time intervals due to the performance of filtering in time domain and avoiding the memory requirements of the frequency domain filtering. The emulator is simple due to the introduction of the Doppler effect in the RF domain, where the large number of time-domain filter coefficients are avoided. Moreover, the undesired distortions resulting from the down and up conversion of the signal taking place when the channel effects are introduced in software are avoided. The performance of the emulator is observed through the measurements performed on the developed circuits. It is observed that the channel emulator can indeed emulate a typical wireless channel. Thus, it is believed that the model and the emulator proposed in this thesis can help wireless system designers in assessing their system performance in lab environment conveniently.Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iii
Öz iv
Acknowledgments v
List of Figures viii
List of Tables x
Abbreviations xi
1 Introduction and Motivation 1 1.1 Importance of Channel Emulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Behavior of Wireless Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Dynamics of Wireless Channels 7 2.1 Signal Transmission through Wireless Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1 Mathematical Channel Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.2 Doppler Effect in Wireless Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2 Chapter Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Literature review 15 3.1 Software Channel Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2 Hardware based Channel Emulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.3 Pros & Cons of Hardware and software emulating techniques . . . . . . . 21
3.4 Chapter Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4 Software-Based FM Wireless Channel Model 23 4.1 Background of the Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.1 Number of clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.2 IO location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2.3 Clusters Spreads and Shadow Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2.4 Clusters Gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3 PDP & CIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.4.1 Number of clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.4.2 Total delay spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.5 Chapter Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5 Hardware implementation 40
5.1 Channel delay taps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.2 Doppler Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.2.1 Doppler Implementation blocks explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.2 Doppler Implementation issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.2.3 Results from Doppler block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.3 Chapter Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Conclusion and Future Work 61
Bibliography 6