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Public transportation adoption requires a paradigm shift in urban development structure
No full textUrban passenger transportation in the U.S. has been heavily dependent on car modes, mainly due to prevailing trends in urban development. However, transportation mode choice studies are currently limited to micro-level and regional-level boundaries, lacking of presenting a complete picture of the issues and the root causes associated with urban passenger transportation choices in the U.S. To this end, further analysis from a system perspective is required to investigate the interdependencies among system parameters more thoroughly, thus revealing the underlying mechanisms contributing or causing the low public transportation use in the U.S. Hence, system dynamics modeling approach is utilized to capture complex causal relationships among the critical system parameters affecting public transportation ridership in the U.S. as well as to identify possible policy areas to improve public transportation ridership rates. Considering the high degree of uncertainties inherent to the problem, multivariate sensitivity analysis is utilized to explore the effectiveness of existing and possible policy implications up to the year 2050 in the terms of their potential to increase transit ridership and locating critical parameters that influences the most on mode choice and emission rates. Transportation mode choice behavior is projected to change slightly and reach up to a maximum of 7.25% of public transportation ridership until 2050. Analysis results reveal that the effects of trip length and rate are by far the most influential factors. Both parameters are 99% sensitive compared to all other factors including the effects of fuel tax policies, federal funds for public transportation, use of alternative green bus technologies, increasing private vehicle occupancy rates, etc. on negative environmental, economic, and social impacts of transportation. This finding highlights how important urban structures are to secure the future of public transportation in the U.S. as the existing urban structures and the shared-idea in the minds of the society about how urban transportation should be (the prevailing paradigm) are the root causes of excessive trip generation and increasing average trip lengths. Thus a paradigm-shift, a radical change in the shared-idea in the minds of the society about existing urban structures, is needed
The Safavid threat and juristic authority in the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century
No full textThis article investigates the opinions of three senior Ottoman jurists, Sarıg¨orez (d. 1522), Kemalpas¸azade (d. 1534), and Ebussuud (d. 1574), on the subject of the Safavids and their supporters. Historians have treated these opinions as part of the vast polemical literature uniformly intended to justify an impending Ottoman attack against their Safavid rivals. Questioning the notion that all authors shared an undifferentiated attitude, this article underlines that, unlike most polemical literature, the opinions of these three jurists focused on the religiolegal aspects of the Safavid issue and varied and evolved in line with changing historical realities, the jurists’ divergent assessments of the Safavid threat, and their preference for different jurisprudential doctrines. Based on an analysis of the opinions, I argue that these jurists assumed a high degree of autonomy as producers and interpreters of the law and thus did not necessarily feel obliged to legitimate or excuse every imperial action
Investigating injury severity risk factors in automobile crashes with predictive analytics and sensitivity analysis methods
No full textInvestigation of the risk factors that contribute to the injury severity in motor vehicle crashes has proved to be a thought-provoking and challenging problem. The results of such investigation can help better understand and potentially mitigate the severe injury risks involved in automobile crashes and thereby advance the well-being of people involved in these traffic accidents. Many factors were found to have an impact on the severity of injury sustained by occupants in the event of an automobile accident. In this analytics study we used a large and feature-rich crash dataset along with a number of predictive analytics algorithms to model the complex relationships between varying levels of injury severity and the crash related risk factors. Applying a systematic series of information fusion-based sensitivity analysis on the trained predictive models we identified the relative importance of the crash related risk factors. The results provided invaluable insights for the use of predictive analytics in this domain and exposed the relative importance of crash related risk factors with the changing levels of injury severity
The assessment and integration of material footprint in national energy development plans
No full textIn this research, Multi Region Input-Output (MRIO) model is used for to investigate the nexus between electricity production from various renewable and non-renewable energy sources and their material consumption in Turkey and UK, enabling a global trade-based analysis for material footprint accounting. Three national electricity production scenarios such as Business-as-Usual, Official Plan, and Renewable Energy Development Plan were analyzed to help policy makers to estimate the consequences of energy investment scenarios on resource footprint based on 19 minerals from 12 different sources of electricity production. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) forecast method is used to analyze the scenarios until 2050. The study revealed that electricity generation using coal is the most material-intensive energy source. Electricity production by coal in Turkey is expected to be responsible for 83.7% of metallic mineral and 80.3% of nonmetallic mineral consumption by 2050. In Turkey, coal, hydro and wind have been identified as the critical sources for electricity production under business-as-usual scenario, which are anticipated to constitute 72% of the total minerals consumption in 2050. For each kWh of electricity is produced by each energy source in Turkey, coal, natural gas, and oil together cause 81% of the total mineral consumption. However, in UK, 84.6% of metallic mineral and 81.4% of nonmetallic mineral consumption will be due to electricity production from coal and natural gas combined while coal alone will constitute to about 41% of the nonmetallic mineral consumption in 2050. Also, the nonmetallic mineral consumption by electricity production from coal and natural gas in UK will be 95.5% by 2050 under all three scenarios. The findings of this research can help identifying the critical minerals and energy resources to propose most optimum energy mix and eventually, to reduce dependency on the critical material consumption.Abstract iv
Öz v
Acknowledgments vii
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Abbreviations xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Methodology 5
2.1 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1 MRIO Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.2 Mathematical formulation of MRIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.3 ARIMA forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.4 ARIMA Validation and Goodness of Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.5 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.6 Scenarios Construction and Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.6.1 Business As Usual scenario (BAU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.6.2 The Official Plan scenario (OP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.6.3 The Go green plan scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3 Results and Discussions 22 3.1 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4 Discussion and Conclusions 32 4.1 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Bibliography 3
A serious game for children with speech disorders and hearing problems
No full textSpeech impediment affecting children with hearing difficulties and speech disorders requires speech therapy and much practice to overcome. To motivate the children to practice more, serious games can be used because children are more inclined to play games. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a serious game in which children can learn to speak specific words that they are expected to know before the age of 7. The game consists of an avatar controlled by the child through speech, with the objective of moving the avatar around the environment to earn coins. The avatar is controlled by voice commands such as Jump, Ahead, Back, Left, Right. Children will be guided by an arrow during the game instead of a getting help from a therapist or a teacher to guide the child to the next coin. This allows the child to practice longer hours, compared to clinical approaches under the supervision of a therapist, which are time-limited
Short Story in an ESL Freshman English Course: Bridging the Gap between language and literatüre
No full textIn recent years, the place of literature in language teaching has regained its impetus and the prominent role it plays in promoting linguistic, cultural, intellectual and academic benefits has been acknowledged. Nevertheless, the place of literature in language teaching context in Turkey is still approached to be an outside source to be assigned as extensive reading rather than to be a classroom worthy material to be utilized in class. This article describes a literature lesson at a Freshman English level and outlines the steps to be taken to implement language based activities to promote ‘language awareness’ and to foster ‘meaning construction’ and ‘cultural awareness’ in a process based classroom setting. The steps also show that ESL Freshman students have much to gain from literature when the text is explored through language based activities without losing the literary nature of literature
Galata'da bir balıkçı
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Merve Özbek tarafından çekilmiştir.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/16/YNY/0101) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/16/YNY/0101
Büyükada'da fayton sefası
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Özlem Karayücel tarafından çekilmiştir.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/16/YNY/0101) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/16/YNY/0101
Ayasofya Müzesi
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Muhammet Tahmazoğlu tarafından çekilmiştir.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/16/YNY/0101) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/16/YNY/0101
Süleymaniye'de düğün telaşı
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Merve Özbek tarafından çekilmiştir.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010