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Cross-group friendships and outgroup attitudes among Turkish-Kurdish ethnic groups:does perceived interethnic conflict moderate the friendship-attitude link?
No full textWe investigated associations between cross-group friendships, perceived interethnic conflict, and outgroup attitudes in the context of intractable Turkish-Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Measures of cross-group friendship quantity, perceived conflict, outgroup attitudes, multiculturalism, and outgroup responsibility for conflict were completed by Turkish (N=320) and Kurdish (N=153) participants (M-age=21, 156 males, 317 females). Both cross-group friendships and perceived conflict were related to outcome variables. While cross-group friendships were beneficial for both groups' outgroup attitudes when perceived conflict was lower; when perceived conflict level was higher, positive associations between friendships and attitudes became non-significant for the Turkish group and negative for the Kurdish group. Implications of the findings for the intergroup contact theory have been discussed
Bandwidth allocation with fairness in multimedia networks
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.The high demand of bandwidth from multimedia applications, especially video applications which consume the great majority of the Internet bandwidth, has caused a challenge for service providers and network operators. On the one hand, the allocation of bandwidth in a fair manner for multimedia users is necessary, so that the total utility of all users is maximized for higher quality of experience. On the other hand, optimizing the utilization of network resources such as maximizing throughput is also important for network operators to reduce the cost and/or maximize the profits. These two requirements could potentially be conflicting; hence, achieving both at the same time is challenging, and the reason why very few previous efforts have targeted this problem. Examples include Traffic Management Using Multipath Protocol (TRUMP) and Logarithmic-Based Multipath Protocol (LBMP), both of which achieve good results butarenotwithoutshortcomings. Atthefirststep,NetworkUtilityMaximization(NUM) problem has been considered as an initial stage to design any traffic engineering method. In this thesis and by considering the mentioned issues, first of all we take into account NUMproblemandoptimizationdecompositionmethods. Wethenproposeamodelbased onthosemethodsasHopcount-BasedFairAllocation(HBFA)totacklethefairbandwidth allocation issue by comparing it to TRUMP. Although, HFBA tackles the fairness problem, but it cannot reach the desired results in all possible path selections. Hence, in order to address that issue, we propose a model, Price-Based Fair Bandwidth Allocation (PBFA) by implementing a new sending rate adaptation formula and combining it by an intuitive investment method to optimize the feedback prices from the links to achieve an efficient model. The method is evaluated by using different simulations and topologies under various network conditions. Our results show that PBFA not only provides a fairer bandwidth allocation compared to TRUMP, but also improves the link utilization and throughput. The conducted evaluations show that PBFA achieves improvements of as much as 90% in fairness, 207% in throughput, and 91% in utility compared to TRUMP.Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iii
Öz iv
Acknowledgments v
List of Figures viii
List of Tables ix
1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Research problem and Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Research Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6 Thesis Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Background 7
2.1 Optimization in Internet traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Multipath Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Optimization Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.1 Selecting an Objective Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Maximize aggregate user utility (DUMP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 Distributed algorithms and Multiple decomposition: . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5.1 Partial-Dual: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5.2 Primal-Dual: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.3 Full-Dual: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.4 Direct Path-rate upgrade or Primal Driven: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.4.1 Sending Rate Update: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.4.2 Feedback Price Update: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 Related Works 17
3.1 TRUMP Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1.1 Feedback price update: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.2 Sending rate Upgrade: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.3 Convergence properties of TRUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.4 Fair bandwidth allocation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.5 Advantages of TRUMP algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.6 Drawbacks of TRUMP algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2 LBMP Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.1 Main differences between LBMP and TRUMP: . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4 Hopcount-Based Fair Bandwidth Allocation (HFBA) 22
4.1 System Design: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1.1 Topology Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.1.2 Sending Rate Adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.1.3 Using the Sending Rate Adaptation in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1.4 A simple numerical example to present the working of the model . 24
4.2 Performance Evaluations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.1 Fairness Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3 Results: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3.1 The simulation of Proposed model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3.2 NSF Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.2.1 Evaluations in terms of Sending rate and fairness measure 29
4.3.3 Utility and Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3.4 Evaluations on Abilene Topology: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3.4.1 Sending rate allocation and fairness measure: . . . . . . . 32
4.3.5 Evaluations on Cost Topology: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.3.5.1 Bandwidth allocation and fairness measure: . . . . . . . . 35
4.3.6 Evaluations on Core Topology: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3.6.1 Bandwidth allocation and fairness measure: . . . . . . . . 36
4.3.7 Evaluations on NTT topology: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5 Priced-Based Fair Bandwidth Allocation (PBFA) 39
5.1 System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.2 Model Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.3 Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.4.1 Evaluations for NTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.4.2 Evaluations for Abilene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.4.3 Evaluations for NSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.4.4 Evaluations for COST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.4.5 Evaluations for CORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.4.6 Fairness Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6 Conclusion and Future Works 48
6.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2.1 Fairness feature for all ω values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2.2 Cloud Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2.3 Convergence of TRUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Bank lending channel in a dual banking system:why are Islamic banks so responsive?.
Get PDFThe bank lending channel posits that central banks—at least in part—can control banking sector’s ability to lend by adjusting the reserve supply via open market operations. On a contractionary policy, open market operations of central banks drain reserves and hence deposits from the banking system. If banks are not able to find alternative sources of funding to compensate for this deposit withdrawal, the supply of bank loans will decrease. Although this spillover chain is well established for varying size (Kashyap & Stein, 1995; Stein & Kashyap, 2000), liquidity (Ashcraft, 2006; Stein & Kashyap, 2000) and capitalisation (Kishan & Opiela, 2000) of banks, there is still lack of evidence on how this mechanism works for different bank types. Studying the monetary transmission mechanism for different bank types is relevant because it may have different impacts on bank lending. This is especially important to identify how effectively central banks can influence the level of reserves (deposits) and, as a consequence, bank lending (credits). In this study, we empirically compare the bank lending channel in a dual banking system where Islamic and conventional banks operate side by side. Since the bank lending channel incorporates the behaviour of customers and creditors in a single transmission mechanism, we will be able to understand different behavioural patterns of both of these groups in different banking schemes
Ethnic identification, discrimination, and mental and physical health among Syrian refugees:the moderating role of identity needs
No full textUsing a risk and resilience framework and motivated identity construction
theory, we investigated the moderating role of identity needs in the
association between social identification and perceived discrimination with
mental and physical health among a sample of Syrian refugees (N = 361) in
Turkey. Results showed that there were two clusters of interrelated identity
needs, namely, belonging (belonging, continuity, and esteem) and efficacy
(efficacy, meaningfulness, and distinctiveness). Higher perceived ethnic
discrimination was found to be associated with poorer mental and physical
health but not for respondents who derived a sense of efficacy from their
Syrian identity. Higher Syrian identification was associated with lower
depression and anxiety but more strongly for refugees who derived a sense
of belonging and continuity from their Syrian identity. The findings indicate
that investigating the motivational aspects of identity formation is important
for understanding when discrimination and group identification undermine
or rather contribute to the well-being and health of refugees. These findings
are discussed in relation to the growing research on social identities and health
A survey on energy efficiency in software defined networks
Get PDFWide deployment and dense usage of computer networks may cause excessive energy consumption due to the increase in probability of network congestion, frame collisions and packet dropping rates resulting from late-received frames. Besides, based on the dramatic increase in network complexity with wireless, mobile and split tunnel connections, weak visibility into network flows and high cost of some of public and private network services, current networks can also be implied as inefficient in terms of both performance and economy. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a novel networking architecture, which provides a directly programmable and (logically) centralized network control, separates network control from forwarding, and enables programmable network components. SDN can have a significant role in reducing the aforementioned excessive energy consumption caused by data centers, network components, and end hosts. In this paper,1 we examine the principles, benefits, and drawbacks of up-to-date SDN approaches that focus on energy efficiency. We also provide a brief comparison of possible energy gain ratios of existing approaches, discussion on open issues and a guideline for future research
Life coaching : the attempt of new middle class for self-change
Get PDFThis thesis aims to analyze the pursuit of the new middle class for a self-change via
coaching practice, by depicturing the habitus of this class and the coaching sessions.
For this study, I made a qualitative research in Istanbul based on interviews done with
both the life coaches and coachees, and document analysis of the web sites of the
life coaches and the books written by them. My research findings show that coaching
can be conceptualized as a practice, which is used by the members of the new middle
class habitus to reconstruct their rooted dispositions. I depict the habitus of the new
middle class through the reproduction strategies of education, gender, and omnivore
taste. Within this scope, I trace the formation of a new doxa, which is formed through
coaching mentality, and panopticon, which is constructed as a new self-disciplining
mechanism. Also, I look at the agency of coaching practice in the ways it shapes a
new self-narration and an emotional language for coachees, by way of using a series
of spiritual or rational methods. This process of self-change is investigated as a
production of reciprocally displayed identity performances, resting upon developing
interaction along the sessions. Within this context, my thesis is based upon two main
arguments. The first is that the members of the new middle class engage in a process
of habitus transformation, in order to reach their socially founded ideal selves. The
other is the finding that the coachees’ acquirement of the new self-perception, that
is imposed by the coaches through the regime of truth, relies on a understanding in
compatible with the existing system.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................. v
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... vi
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................vii
List of Figures ...............................................................................................................ix
List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................... x
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1. What is Life Coaching? ..................................................................................... 3
1.2. The Framework of Coaching ............................................................................. 4
1.3. The History of Coaching ................................................................................... 9
1.4. Coaching in Turkey ......................................................................................... 12
1.5. Disciplinary Background of Coaching ............................................................. 13
1.6. Methodology .................................................................................................. 16
1.7. Outline of the Study ....................................................................................... 21
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 22
2.1. Pierre Bourdieu’s Theoretical Framework: an approach to connect social and
cognitive structures ............................................................................................... 24
2.1.1. The Formation of Field Struggle: capital as the source of position ........ 24
2.1.2. Coherence vs. Conflict Between Field and Habitus: the function of ‘’doxa’’
.......................................................................................................................... 27
2.1.3. The Production and Maintenance of Social Stratification: the founded
“taste” as the founder of distinction ................................................................ 28
2.1.4. Petite Bourgeoisie: a class with “cultural good will” .............................. 31
2.2. The Theory of Symbolic Interactionism: revival of agency ............................ 34
2.2.1. Erving Goffman’s Theoretical Framework : the self as a dramaturgical and
ritualistic performance .................................................................................... 36
2.3. Michel Foucault’s Theoretical Framework: construction of a self-technology
............................................................................................................................... 41
3. COACHING PRACTICE AS A WAY OF RECONSTRUCTING THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
HABITUS ..................................................................................................................... 45
3.1. Neoliberal Transformation: emergence of a new life structure .................... 45
3.2. The New Middle Class .................................................................................... 49
3.3. The New Middle Class Habitus in Turkey ....................................................... 51
3.4. Hire a Life Coach : an approach to changing inherited habitus ..................... 57
3.4.1. The First Case: Ayça, 34, Higher Education ............................................ 61
3.4.2. The Second Case: Pelin, 31, Visual Communication ............................... 63
3.5. Correspondence Between Coaches and Coachees in Terms of Habitual
Conflict: is the war really over? ............................................................................. 67
3.5.1. The Third Case: Emir, 44, Life Coach, An Old Bank Director .................. 69
3.5.2. The Fourth Case: Aslı, 35, Life Coach and Visual Communication ......... 71
3.6. The Taste Mapping in the Coaching World: the omnivore style.................... 72
3.7. The Transition from one Doxa to a New one: the competent individual ...... 75
4. THE AGENCY OF COACHING PRACTICE: CONFIGURATION OF A NEW SELF THROUGH
A SPECIFIC REGIME OF TRUTH ................................................................................... 83
4.1. Therapeutic (Re)Construction of Selves of Coachees: a narration of a divided
persona .................................................................................................................. 83
4.2. Does Society Really Withdraw from the Stage? ............................................. 87
4.3. Narrative Performance of a “Triumphant Self” ............................................. 90
4.4. The Use of Spiritual Techniques for Self-Change ........................................... 93
4.5. The Use of Rational Techniques for Self-Change ........................................... 96
4.6. The Transformation of Emotions: a textual and oral reconstruction of self 102
4.7. The (Re) Construction of Selves of Life Coaches .......................................... 107
4.8. The Dynamics of Interaction between Coaches and Coachees ................... 113
5. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 120
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 126
APPENDIX ................................................................................................................. 13
Raspberry Pi üzerinde AES algoritmasına yan kanal analizi ve ölçüm iyileştirme
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Bilginin, güvenli§inin sa§lanmas için kullan lan bir çok yöntem mevcuttur. Bu yöntemlerden en etkili olanlar n n birisi de ³ifrelemedir. ifreleme i³lemi yapmak için kullan labilecek bir çok algoritma mevcuttur. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algoritmas , Amerikan Ulusal Standartlar ve Teknoloji Enstitüsü (NIST) taraf ndan yay nlanm ³ algoritmalardan biridir. Ayn zamanda AES algoritmas , veriyi ³ifrelemek ve çözmek için ayn ³ifreleme anahtar n kullanan simetrik blok ³ifreleme algoritmas d r.
AES algoritmas n n matematik alt yap s n n güçlü olmas onu bilindik kriptoanalize kar³ dayan kl k lm ³t r. Bununla birlikte algoritman n matematiksel yap s ile ilgilenmeyen yan kanal sald r lar olarak adland r lan farkl bir sald r tekni§i mevcuttur. Bu yan kanal sald r lar ndan, pasif yan kanal sald r lar nda, kriptogra k sisteme ziksel olarak herhangi bir müdahalede bulunulmaz. Atak yapacak olan ki³i, sistemin çal ³mas s ras nda istemsiz olarak üretti§i verileri kullan r/analiz eder. Atak için kullan lacak olan bu veriler gizli anahtara ula³may sa§l yorsa, yan kanal bilgisi olarak adland r l r. Yan kanal bilgisi, sistemin çal ³mas s ras nda tüketti§i güç, yayd § elektromanyetik dalga, ç kard § ses, kriptogra k i³leminin tamamlama süresi olabilir.
Pasif yan kanal ataklar nda kullan lan iki temel inceleme yöntemi mevcuttur. Bunlar basit yan kanal analizi ve farksal yan kanal analizidir [27]. Basit yan kanal analizi yöntemi bir ölçüm kullan larak gerçekle³tirilirken, farksal yan kanal analizi yönteminde birden fazla ölçüm kullan l r.
Bu tez çal ³mas nda Raspberry Pi üzerinde çal ³an AES algoritmas na farksal yan kanal analizi yöntemlerinden birisi olan DEMA (Di erential Electromagnetic Analysis) sald r s yap lm ³t r. Raspberry Pi nin i³letim sistemi basit bir i³letim sistemi de§ildir. Mini bir bilgisayar olmas nedeniyle Raspberry Pi de bir i³lem yap l rken i³letim sistemine özgü i³ler de e³zamanl olarak yap lmaktad r. ³letimin sisteminin rutin i³lerinin ç karm ³ oldu§u gürültü, AES ile ³ifreleme veya çözme i³lemi yap l rken i³lem süresinin göstermi³ oldu§u de§i³kenlik izlenmi³tir. ifreleme süresinin de§i³kenlik göstermesi ve i³letim sisteminin kendine has yapt § rutin i³lemler al nan ölçümleri analiz edilebilecek hale getirmeyi zorla³t rm ³t r. Bu çal ³ma kapsam nda Raspberry Pi platformunun kullan lmas n n, direk yan kanal analizine kar³ bir önlem olup olmad § incelenmi³tir.
Analiz i³lemi sonunda algoritman n yan kanal sald r s na bu haliyle direnemeyece§i gizli anahtar n elde edilmesiyle görülmü³tür. AES algoritmas nda yap lacak olan yaz l msal bir önlem ya da Raspberry Pi ye eklenecek yaz l msal/donan msal bir önlem ile çözüm getirilmesi önerilmi³tir.Yazarl k Beyan ii
Öz iv
Teşekkür vii
Ş ekil Listesi x
Tablo Listesi xii
K saltmalar xiii
1 Giri³ 1
2 Genel Bilgiler 4
2.1 Matematiksel Kavramlar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1 Abelian Grubu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.2 Halka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.3 Alan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.4 Sonlu Alan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.5 Galois Alanlar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.5.1 GF (2n) Galois Alan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.5.2 GF (2n) Galois Alanlar ' nda Matematiksel ³lemler . . . 7
Toplama ³lemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Çarpma ³lemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Kriptoloji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.1 Simetrik ifreleme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.2 Blok ifreleme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.3 Dizi ifreleme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.4 Asimetrik ifreleme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3 Yan Kanal Analizi Sald r lar 13 3.1 Elektromanyetik Analiz Sald r lar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.1 Basit Elektromanyetik Analiz (SEMA) Sald r lar . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.2 Farksal Elektromanyetik Analiz (DEMA) Sald r lar . . . . . . . . 17
4 Raspberry Pi Ve Broadcom BCM2835 18
5 Geli³mi³ Kodlama Standard Algoritmas (AES) 22
5.1 AES Algoritmas ve Tur ³lemleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.1.1 Bayt De§i³tirme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1.2 Sat rlar Kayd rma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.1.3 Sütun Kar ³t rma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.1.4 Tur Anahtar Ekleme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2 Anahtar Üretimi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6 Raspberry Pi Üzerinde Gerçeklenen AES Algoritmas Ve Ölçüm Düzene§i 30
6.1 Elektromanyetik Alan Al c s Sistemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.2 Elektromanyetik Analiz çin Kullan lan Yaz l mlar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.3 Elektromanyetik Analiz çin Kurulan Ölçüm Düzene§i . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.4 Ölçüm Alma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7 Raspberry Pi Üzerinde Gerçeklenen Elektromanyetik Analiz Sald r lar ve Ölçüm yile³tirmeler 39
7.1 Ölçüm yile³tirme çin Uygulanan Yöntemler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.1.1 Ayn Aç k Metinlerin Ortalamas n n Al nmas . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.1.2 Ölçümlerin Filtrelenmesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.2 Tahmin Matrislerini Olu³turma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.3 Analiz Yöntemleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.3.1 Kocher Yöntemi le Analiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.3.2 Korelasyon Yöntemi le Analiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8 Sonuç ve Öneriler 56
Kaynaklar 5
Gendered spatial practices : Tophane as a gentrifying neighborhood in Istanbul
No full textThis thesis aims to investigate how individuals practice and produce urban spaces through the construction of the body in a gender context. The neighborhood of Tophane is chosen as a case study for its critical position as being in a gentrifying process that brings together both new residents and old residents in the same place and at the same time. As the determinants of Tophane daily life, community perception, conflict, and power relations are examined in the study. The result of the determinants, gender representation and the production of the space in a gender context is analyzed using the concepts of patriarchy, male gaze, and fluidity of public and private spaces by focusing on the disadvantaged group of the neighborhood: women. Since the study is grounded in a feminist perspective on daily life experiences, ethnographic research methodology is used as the most suitable method in the thesis.ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iv
ÖZ ................................................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ xi
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xiii
LIST OF MAPS ........................................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 2. THEORIES ON EVERYDAY LIFE, SPACE, AND GENDER ............................. 7
2.1. Everyday Life and The Production of Space .................................................... 7
2.2. Transformation of Urban Space: Gentrification ............................................. 13
2.3. Construction of Gendered Bodies .................................................................. 15
2.4. Production of Gendered Space ....................................................................... 21
2.4.1. Gender in Urban Space ........................................................................... 28
3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 33
3.1. Introduction: Feminist Research Methodology .............................................. 33
3.2. Qualitative Research Approach ...................................................................... 35
3.3. Framework of the Field Research in Tophane ............................................... 37
4. TOPHANE ............................................................................................................. 41
4.1. The History of Tophane ................................................................................. 41
4.2. The Present Day of Tophane .......................................................................... 46
4.2.1. Demography of Tophane ........................................................................ 47
4.2.2. Community Perception of the Neighborhood: Hemşehrilik ................... 48
4.2.3. Gentrification in Tophane ....................................................................... 50
4.2.4. Art Gallery Attacks in the Media............................................................ 53
5. GENDERED SPACES IN TOPHANE .................................................................. 56
5.1. Everyday Life and the Production of Public Space in Tophane ..................... 56
5.2. Production of Gendered Space through the Construction of the Gendered Bodies in Tophane ................................................................................................. 66
5.2.1. Patriarchy ................................................................................................ 68
5.2.2. Male Gaze ............................................................................................... 77
5.2.3. Fluidity of Public and Private Space ...................................................... 85
6. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 94
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 104
APPENDIX THE LAW NO. 6306 ............................................................................................... 11
Effects of retrieval vocabulary instruction on academic reading comprehension
Get PDFThis study aimed to explore the effects of retrieval vocabulary instruction on academic reading comprehension of 40 participants at the School of Foreign Languages at Istanbul Sehir University. According to Barcroft (2015) retrieval vocabulary is defined as the learners. ability to recall the words when they need to produce or use them accordingly. The independent variable is retrieval vocabulary instruction and the dependent variable is academic reading comprehension. A pre-test was administered in the first week of module in order to see the academic reading comprehension level of the participants. A treatment of retrieval vocabulary instruction was given for seven weeks. Later a post-test was administered in week eight so as to observe whether retrieval vocabulary instruction has any positive effect on academic reading comprehension or not. SPSS was used in order to analyze the data, and graphically detailed analysis of the reading comprehension tests are shown at the end. A Pair Sample statistics was used. The findings of the current study indicated that according to significance levels and the means of the both of the groups, it can be said that there is a significant change between two test scores taken at different times from the same groups of participants. Thus, it can be concluded that the treatment of the retrieval vocabulary instruction was beneficial for the participants since it increased their reading comprehension scores. (C) 2017 EJAL & the Authors. Published by Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics (EJAL). This is an open- access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution licens