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Exploring the material footprints of national electricity production scenarios until 2050:the case for Turkey and UK
No full textIn this research, a global multiregional input-output model is built to investigate the material footprint of electricity production from renewable and nonrenewable energy sources in Turkey and UK. Three national electricity production scenarios such as S1-Business-As-Usual, S2-Official Government Plan and S3-Go-Green Plan are analyzed to help policy makers to estimate the consequences of energy investment scenarios on resource footprint based on 19 minerals from 12 different electricity production sectors. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) is used as a time-series forecasting technique in order analyze the scenarios until 2050. The findings showed that coal is the most material intensive electricity production resource. Under business-as-usual scenario, electricity production by coal in Turkey is expected to be responsible for 83.7% of metallic mineral and 80.3% of nonmetallic mineral consumption by 2050. For per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced in Turkey, coal, natural gas, and oil together cause 81% of the total mineral consumption. However, under business-as-usual scenario in UK, 84.6% of metallic mineral and 81.4% of nonmetallic mineral consumption will be due to electricity production from coal and natural gas combined while coal alone will constitute to about 41% of the nonmetallic mineral consumption in 2050. In addition, the nonmetallic mineral consumption by electricity production from coal and natural gas in UK will be around 95.5% by 2050 under all three scenarios. The findings of this research can help identifying the critical minerals and energy resources to propose the most optimum energy mix and eventually to reduce dependency on the critical materials
Yarımadaya veda
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Mahmut Esad Tamer tarafından çekilmiştir.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/16/YNY/0101) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/16/YNY/0101
Neye niyet neye kısmet
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Elif Demir tarafından çekilmiştir.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/0101Güzeller Sokağı, Büyükada- İstanbul - Büyükada’nın sakinleri, Perşembe sabahı, Pazar Arabası
Minareler süngümüz, kubbeler miğfer…
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Mahmut Esad Tamer tarafından çekilmiştir.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010
Indium nitride nanowire growth by chemical vapor deposition and electrical characterization
No full textThe III-nitrides have been intensely studied due to their wide range of applications from high efficiency solid-state lighting and photovoltaics to high-power and high temperature electronics. InN has received great attention due to its unique properties such as large drift velocity at room temperature, small effective electron mass, high mobility at room temperature, and narrow band gap of 0.7–0.9 eV. One dimensional (1D) InN nanowires have attracted interest in growth and potential applications owing to their band gap and electrical charge transport tunability. Various synthesis methods including chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, solvothermal method, and carbon-nitridation reaction have been used for InN nanowires. This paper presents a detailed study of InN nanowire morphology changes originating from the process parameters by chemical vapor deposition using In and NH3 as source materials on SiO2/Si substrates. Various types of catalyst materials, including gold, nickel, silver, cobalt, and iron have been used. The growth experiments have been carried out at temperatures between 800 and 1100oC under H2 as carrier gas. Dramatic shifts in nanowire size and morphology have been observed in accordance with the variations in process parameters. The sources of these variations and the growth mechanisms are discussed in detail. In fact, the InN nanowire diameters range from 10 nm to 250 nm; and lengths up to 50 µm depending on the catalyst type. Figure 1a shows an SEM image of the InN nanowires grown at 1100oC with Ni-film catalyst. Next, InN nanowire field effect transistor (FET) devices have been fabricated to study the electrical and optical properties of them. Figure 1b shows an SEM image of the aligned InN nanowire between electrodes (grown with Ni nanoparticles). Electrodes (10nm Ti/ 90nm Au) were fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques onto SiO2/Si substrate. The average spacing between electrodes is about 3.0 µm. First, nanowires were suspended in isopropyl alcohol. A micropipette was used to apply 2 µL of nanowire solution to the surface of the patterned substrate. Then, AC voltage (Vpp= 5V, f = 10 Hz-100 kHz) was applied via a function generator (HP33120A). In fact, the InN FETs show very high current levels (see Fig. 2 IV curve). Additionally, the InN nanowires have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and semiconductor parameter analyzer
Cultural capital accumulation among high school students : cases of Gaziosmanpaşa and Bakirköy
Get PDFTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.This research aims to reveal the process of cultural capital accumulation among Turkish high school students attending high schools in Istanbul. The study focuses on (1) the general cultural activities of high school students relating to Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital, and (2) in relation with the assumed role of family culture shaping intentions and knowledge for choosing a university and profession in the future, alongside (3) ongoing socialization and constant reflexivity of students’ preferences through socialization, and (4) the role of the school representing the education system at the intersection of the abovementioned processes. The research was conducted in two Anatolian High Schools. One of them is Anatolian High School from their inception.1 The other one lately transformed Anatolian High School. One of the high schools is located in Ataköy, a neighbourhood in Bakırköy, Istanbul, which is assumed to be an upper-middle class neighbourhood. The other one is located in Gaziosmanpaşa, well known as a disadvantaged Istanbul neighbourhood. Using socialization theories about parenting styles, childrearing practices, especially Annette Lareau’s (2010) concept of converted cultivation, I have tracked different routes of dominant parenting patterns amongst the students of these schools. Moreover, discussing the dynamic nature of acquiring cultural capital, I have relied on skills rather than high culture elements, as Lareau & Weininger (2003) suggests.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... viii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ ix
List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xi
List of Figures ............................................................................................................. xii
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1. The High School System in Turkey ................................................................... 3
1.2. From Maarif Colleges to Anatolian High Schools, and the “decreasing reputation” of Anatolian High Schools .................................................................... 4
1.3. Rationale, and Research Questions ................................................................ 12
1.4. Theoretical Insights ........................................................................................ 13
1.4.1. A Review of Sociology of Education: Reproduction ............................... 13
1.4.2. Socialization Theories ............................................................................. 17
1.4.3. Parenting Styles ...................................................................................... 18
1.4.4. Hidden Curriculum and Cultural Capital ................................................. 24
1.4.5. A Synthesis of Theoretical Background and Conceptual Framework .... 26
1.5. Methodology and Research Design ................................................................ 28
2. SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS, PEER-SOCIALIZATION, AND PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT
.................................................................................................................................... 27
2.1. A School Having Flows of Students from Its Distant Neighborhoods: OAHS . 27
2.1.1. Flourishing a School Spirit: Institutional Identity ................................... 35
2.1.2. Counselling Department and Compensation ......................................... 39
2.2. An Older Anatolian High School, JAHS: “Better Quality of Teachers” ........... 41
2.2.1. Discontinuous School Spirit .................................................................... 47
2.2.2. Counselling and its Supportive Role ....................................................... 49
2.3. Comparison of the Two Cases ........................................................................ 50
2.4. Parental Involvement into High School Education: OAHS ............................. 51
2.4.1. A Practice and a Tendency towards to Self-Direction in Control of Parents .............................................................................................................. 55
2.5. Parental Involvement into High School Education: JAHS ............................... 59
2.5.1. Elements of a Normative Pattern and Mothers’ Role in Education ....... 61
2.6. Comparison of the Two Cases ........................................................................ 66
3. CULTURAL DISPOSITIONS AND FUTURE EXPECTATIONS AT THE INTERSECTION OF PARENTS AND PEER-SOCIALIZATION ......................................................................... 68
3.1. Body-Centered Flourishment: OAHS .............................................................. 69
3.2. Distinctive Intellectual and Art-Related Taste: JAHS ...................................... 75
3.3. Comparison of the Two Cases ........................................................................ 77
3.4. Future Directions of OAHS Students: “Concerted Cultivation” and Exceptions ............................................................................................................................... 78
3.5. Future Directions of JAHS Students: A Normative Order and Striving for HighRanking Jobs .......................................................................................................... 83
3.6. Comparison of the Two Cases ........................................................................ 85
4. CONCLUSION: THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE DATA................................... 88
4.1. Complexities, Cultural Capital at the Intersection of Parents, School, and Individual Differences ............................................................................................ 90
4.2. Normative Cultivation .................................................................................... 92
4.3. Concluding Remarks ....................................................................................... 95 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 98
APPENDICES A. Informed Consent Form ....................................................................................... 102
B. In-depth Interview Questionnaire for Students .................................................. 103
C. Araştırma Katılım Onay Formu ............................................................................. 106
D. Öğrencilere Yönelik Derinlemesine Mülakat Soru Formu ................................... 10
The legitimacy of the Ottoman dynasty in Müneccimbaşi Ahmed Dede’s Camiu’d-Duvel
Get PDFTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.This thesis aims at understanding the image of the Ottoman dynasty in the mind of a
seventeenth-century intellectual, Müneccimbaşı Ahmed Dede (d.1702), based on his
universal history, Camiu’d-duvel. It investigates the author’s various discursive
strategies in presenting the legitimacy of the rule of the Ottoman dynasty in the
Ottoman historiography. Written in a period when the Ottoman state experienced
crisis and transformation, and the Ottoman sultans was exposed to many criticisms
and challenges, an intimate officer of the sultan, Müneccimbaşı’s account provides
an exciting opportunity to examine the attitude of the Ottoman elites about the roots
of the Ottoman power and its future. In each chapter, I first offer an overview of the
tools that the previous Ottoman historiographical tradition had made recourse to
provide the Ottoman dynasty with legitimacy and then discuss Müneccimbaşı’s
innovative use of these tools and revision of the previous historical presentations in
a way that would serve his own ideological purposes.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................. v
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... vi
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Framework for the Studies on the Seventeenth Century ................................ 1
1.2. Studies on Camiu’d-duvel ................................................................................. 4
1.3. Approaching Sources ........................................................................................ 6
1.4. Shift in the Argumentations on the Legitimacy of the Ottoman Dynasty ....... 8
2. SUBSTANTIATING THE LEGITIMACY OF OTTOMAN IMPERIAL CLAIMS IN THE LATE
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY ............................................................................................ 11
2.1. Müneccimbaşı’s Rearticulation of the Ottoman Dynastic Myth .................... 12
2.2. Genealogy ....................................................................................................... 14
2.3. Seljuk Inheritance ........................................................................................... 15
2.4. Religious Authorization .................................................................................. 20
2.5. Islamic/Mamluk Legitimacy ............................................................................ 23
2.6. Reconception of the Ottoman Sultans’ Relationship with Their Subjects ..... 25
2.7. Argument for the Eternity of the Ottoman Dynasty ...................................... 27
2.8. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 33
3. PRESENTATION OF THE RELATIONS WITH CHRISTIANS ......................................... 34
3.1. The Hostility with Non-Muslims as a Sign of Piety ......................................... 39
3.2. The Outcome of the Trust in the People of Blasphemy ................................. 45
3.3. The Christian Wives ........................................................................................ 49
3.4. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 52
4. THE EARLY OTTOMANS AND SUFIS IN MÜNECCIMBAŞI’S ACCOUNT .................... 54
4.1. Kadızadeli Challenge ....................................................................................... 55
4.2. The Central Role of Mevlevis in the Foundation and Continuation of the
Ottoman Political Enterprise ................................................................................. 57
4.3. Emir Sultan ..................................................................................................... 62
4.4. The Clothing of the Ottoman Rulers .............................................................. 65
4.5. The Suppression of Memories of Certain Sufi Groups ................................... 69
4.6. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 75
5. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 77
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 8
Communicative potentials of internet memes in cyberspace of Turkey : an analysis of caps culture
Get PDFEmerging at the intersection of the components of digitality, visuality and everyday
creativity, Internet memes compose a new genre of communication on cyberspace.
Both as a tool of everyday creativity and as a tool of public commentary –as the
Internet is regarded as a new agora-, these visual imageries has become highly
popular throughout the 2000s and illustrated a great site of analysis for exploration
on the state of minds of Internet users through collective creation.
This thesis aims at exploration of the adoption of Internet memes to Turkey’s
cyberspace via focusing on the sociological implications them in relation to ad hoc
combinations of visual techniques, social modes of seeing and humor. To this end,
this study provides an analysis of caps culture. Having its roots in a subcultural virtual
community and penetrating into popular culture gradually, caps creations carry traces of the several 20th century avantgarde movements’ motivations, which are
the cultural antecedants of Internet meme culture. While this provides a crucial
indication for critical potential in subverting the elements of power, the humorous
element predominant in these items recalls a longstanding discussion on the
relationship between humor and social critique. Taking all these into account, this
thesis analyzes a bunch of caps collections with a visual rhetoric perspective.ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... iv
ÖZ ................................................................................................................................. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... x
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Methodology and Outline ........................................................................... 4
1.1.1. Visual Rhetoric Analysis as Research Method .................................. 4
1.1.2. Outline of the Study .......................................................................... 8
2. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ON INTERNET MEME CULTURE ............................ 10
2.1. The “Meme” Concept and Its Bounds with Digital Culture ....................... 12
2.2. Aesthetics of Resistance: Cultural Roots of Internet Memes ................... 16
2.3. Humor as the Meta-Narrative in Memes .................................................. 23
2.3.1 The Social Aspect of Humor ............................................................. 23
2.3.2. The Relationship Between Humor and Critique: A Possible Paradox
............................................................................................................................ 25
3. CAPS/MEME CULTURE IN TURKEY’S CYBERSPACE: FROM UNDERGROUND TO THE
MAINSTREAM MEDIA ................................................................................................. 28
3.1. A Short History of Internet Memes ........................................................... 28
3.2. The Birthplace of Capses in Turkey: İnci Sözlük ......................................... 31
3.3. Caps Culture: Emergence and Dissemination ........................................... 36
4. ANALYSIS OF CAPS CULTURE IN TURKEY: THE PHASE OF SUBCULTURE ................ 41
4.1. Football Related Caps Collections ............................................................. 45
4.2. Internet Culture Memes ............................................................................ 52
4.3. Evaluation of the Capses of Subcultural Phase ......................................... 63
5. MEMES GOING MAINSTREAM: POLITICAL AND POP CULTURE MEMES ............... 67
5.1. Caps Collections on Popular Cultural Themes ........................................... 69
5.2. Caps Collections on Political Figures ......................................................... 82
5.3. Evaluation of the Functions of Capses in Mainstream Phase ................... 91
6. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 94
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... 10
Paris Prensipleri çerçevesinde ulusal insan hakları kurumu modeli olarak ombudsmanlık : Türkiye örneği
No full textGünümüzde insan hakları konusu ilgi alanlarının odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu
ilgi ulusal ve ulusal-üstü düzeyde çeşitli girişimleri beraberinde getirmiştir. İnsan
haklarının en etkili şekilde korunması ulusal düzeyde gerçekleştirilebileceği için
ulusal insan hakları kurumları kurularak bu işlev yerine getirilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Ulusal insan hakları kurumu modellerinden biri olan ombudsmanlık modeli kurumlar
kamu yönetiminin denetlenmesi işlevi ile öne çıkmakta ve insan hakları alanında
önemi gittikçe artan kurumlar olmaya başlamaktadır. Ülkemizde ulusal insan hakları
kurumu modeli olarak ombudsman modelinde “Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu”,
komisyon modelinde “Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu” kurularak insan
hakları alanında önemli gelişme kaydedilmiştir.
BM tarafından ulusal insan hakları kurumları için rehber ilkeler sunma amacı taşıyan
Paris Prensipleri kabul edilerek ülkelere kurumlarını kurarken yol haritası
gösterilmektedir. Ayrıca Paris Prensiplerine uygunluk ulusal kurumlara birtakım
haklar kazandırmaktadır. Paris Prensiplerinin ülkeler için bir bağlayıcılığı
bulunmamakla birlikte uluslararası hukuk açısından manevi bağlayıcılık kazanmaya
başladığı dile getirilmektedir. Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumunun Paris Prensipleri ile
uyumlu olup olmadığını ortaya koymak bu çalışmanın odak noktasını
oluşturmaktadır.ÖZ ............................................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iv
TEŞEKKÜR ............................................................................................................... v
İÇİNDEKİLER ......................................................................................................... vi
TABLOLAR LİSTESİ .............................................................................................. ix
KISALTMALAR ....................................................................................................... x
GİRİŞ ......................................................................................................................... xi
BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ...................................................................................................... 1
GENEL OLARAK ULUSAL İNSAN HAKLARI KURUMLARI VE OMBUDSMANLIK ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 İNSAN HAKLARI KAVRAMI VE TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ .................... 1
1.1.1. Hak Kavramı ............................................................................................ 1
1.1.2. İnsan Hakları Kavramı ............................................................................. 2
1.1.3. İnsan Hakları Kavramının Kapsamı ......................................................... 4
1.1.4. İnsan Hakları Kavramının Tarihsel Gelişimi ........................................... 7
1.2. İNSAN HAKLARININ KORUNMASI...................................................... 12
1.2.1. Ulusal Koruma ............................................................................................. 14
1.2.1.1. Yargısal Koruma .................................................................................... 16
1.2.1.2 Yargı Dışı Koruma.................................................................................. 20
1.2.2. Uluslararası Koruma ..................................................................................... 24
1.3. ULUSAL İNSAN HAKLARI KURUMLARI ........................................... 30
1.3.1. Önemi ........................................................................................................... 31
1.3.2. Tanımı .......................................................................................................... 34
1.3.3. Niteliği .......................................................................................................... 36
1.3.4. Tarihsel Gelişimi .......................................................................................... 38
1.3.5. Ulusal İnsan Hakları Kurumları Modelleri .................................................. 45
1.3.5.1. Komisyon Modeli ............................................................................. 49
1.3.5.1.1. İnsan Hakları Komisyonu Modeli .............................................. 50
1.3.5.1.2 Danışma Komitesi Modeli .......................................................... 53
1.3.5.1.3. Enstitü Modeli ............................................................................ 55
1.3.5.2. Ombudsman Modeli .......................................................................... 56
1.3.6. Ulusal İnsan Hakları Kurumlarına İlişkin İlkeler: Paris Prensipleri ............ 58
1.3.6.1 Paris Prensiplerine Uygunluk Ölçütü: Akreditasyon .............................. 60
1.3.6.2. Paris Prensipleri Kontrol Mekanizması: Uluslararası Koordinasyon Komitesi .............................................................................................................. 61
1.4. ULUSAL İNSAN HAKLARI KURUMU OLARAK OMBUDSMANLIK67 1.4.1. Ombudsmanlığın Tanımı .............................................................. 67
1.4.2. Ombudsmanlığın Kökeni ve Tarihsel Gelişimi ............................ 71
1.4.3. Ombudsmanlığın Özellikleri ............................................................ 76
1.4.4. Ombudsmanlığın 3 Modeli .............................................................. 82
1.4.4.1. Klasik Ombudsman Modeli ...................................................... 88
1.4.4.2. Melez Ombudsman Modeli ....................................................... 93
1.4.4.3. İhtisas Ombudsmanı Modeli ..................................................... 96
İKİNCİ BÖLÜM .................................................................................................... 100
OMBUDSMANLIK TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ: KAMU DENETÇİLİĞİ KURUMU100
2.1. TÜRKİYE’DE OMBUDSMANLIK SİSTEMİNİN GEREKLİLİĞİ ........ 100
2.2. TÜRKİYE’DE KAMU DENETÇİLİĞİ KURUMU’NU KURMA ÇABALARI ............................................................................................................ 104
2.2.1. Gerekçeli Anayasa Önerisi ......................................................................... 109
2.2.2. KAYA Raporu ............................................................................................ 110
2.2.3. Kalkınma Planlarında Ombudsman ............................................................ 111
2.2.4. 2000 yılında hazırlanan Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu Kanunu Tasarısı ....... 112
2.2.5. 2003 yılı Kamu Yönetimi Temel Kanunu Tasarısı .................................... 113
2.2.6. 5548 sayılı Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu Kanunu ......................................... 115
2.2.7. AB İlerleme Raporlarında Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu .............................. 117
2.3. TÜRKİYE’DE ULUSAL İNSAN HAKLARI KURUMU İŞLEVİ GÖREN YAPILAR ............................................................................................................... 120
2.3.1. Genel Olarak Benzer Yapılar ..................................................................... 120
2.3.2. Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu .................................................. 124
2.4. OMBUDSMANLIK TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI: KAMU DENETÇİLİĞİ KURUMU ............................................................................................................... 127
2.4.1. Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu’nun Belirleyici Özellikleri .............................. 129
2.4.2. Kurumun Yapısı ve İşleyişi ........................................................................ 134
2.4.2.1. Kurumun Yapısı ................................................................................... 134
2.4.2.2. Kuruluş Görev ve Çalışma İlkeleri ...................................................... 137
2.4.2.2.1. Hakkaniyete Uygunluk Denetimi ..................................................... 138
2.4.2.2.2. İyi Yönetim İlkelerine Uygunluk Denetimi ...................................... 142
2.4.3. Kurumun Yetki ve Görev alanı .................................................................. 145
2.4.4. Çalışma Usulü ............................................................................................ 146
2.4.5. Kuruma Başvuru Usulü .............................................................................. 149
2.4.5.1. Başvuru Üzerine Kurumca Verilen Kararlar ....................................... 152
2.4.5.2. Tavsiye Kararlarına Uyulması Sorunu ................................................ 155
2.4.6. Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu’nun Model Değerlendirmesi ........................... 160
ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................ 167
KAMU DENETÇİLİĞİ KURUMU’NUN PARİS PRENSİPLERİNE UYGUNLUĞUNUN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ ...................................................... 167
3.1. KAMU DENETÇİLİĞİ KURUMU’NUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN PARİS PRENSİPLERİNE UYGUNLUĞUNUN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ ....... 169 3.1.1. Yasal Dayanak Değerlendirmesi ............................................................ 170
3.1.2. Bağımsızlık Değerlendirmesi ................................................................. 174
3.1.3. Çoğulculuk Değerlendirmesi .................................................................. 186
3.1.4. Mali Özerklik Değerlendirmesi .............................................................. 192
3.1.5. Görev Güvencesi Değerlendirmesi ......................................................... 193
3.1.6. Kurumsal Alt Yapı ve Çalışma Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirmesi ........... 197
3.2. KAMU DENETÇİLİĞİ KURUMU’NUN SAHİP OLDUĞU YETKİLERİN PARİS PRENSİPLERİNE UYGUNLUĞUNUN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ ....... 201
3.2.1. Genel Yetki Bakımından Değerlendirme ............................................... 202
3.2.1.1. Danışmanlık İşlevi .......................................................................... 209
3.2.1.2. İzleme ve Raporlama İşlevi ............................................................. 212
3.2.1.3. Geliştirme İşlevi .............................................................................. 213
3.2.1.4. İşbirliği İşlevi .................................................................................. 218
3.2.2. Özel Yetki Bakımından Değerlendirme ................................................. 223
3.2.3. Seçimlik Yetki Bakımından Değerlendirme ........................................... 226
3.2.3.1. Şikâyetleri inceleme yetkisi yönünden değerlendirme ................... 226
3.2.3.2. Yargısal süreçlere katılma yetkisi yönünden değerlendirme .......... 238
SONUÇ .................................................................................................................... 244
KAYNAKÇA .......................................................................................................... 25
Rethinking hydropower in the anthropocene : a study of Darıbükü village
No full textABSTRACT:
Excessive anthropogenic interventions into the environment have led to the
Anthropocene, ‘the era of humans’. Against the impacts of this privileged human
position, there has been worldwide increasing tendency to renewable energy. Turkey
has also made certain attempts in this scope, and water, as an important source of
renewables, has come to the fore. This has resulted in continuous proliferation of
hydroelectric power plants which have created vulnerabilities and disentanglements
in certain contexts. In this regard, the thesis focuses on Darıbükü village of Isparta
city, a village third of which was covered with water upon the construction of
hydroelectric power plant. Drawing from the recent research in Science and
Technology Studies (STS), the thesis dwells upon this transformative process which
human (villagers) and non-human (water) have undergone, and stresses the complex
network of relations among multiple actors in the village. The research is based on a
multi-sited ethnography which lasted three months and is compiled of semi
structured in-depth interviews with villagers, academicians, activists, a journalist,
lawyer, accompanied by participant observation in the village and several expert
meetings.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................. v
Preface ........................................................................................................................ vi
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................vii
List of Tables .................................................................................................................ix
List of Figures ............................................................................................................... x
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 7
2. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................. 13
2.1. Triggering Force Behind the Look for Renewable Energy: The Anthropocene
................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2. Energopower and Energopolitics Intrude the Search for Renewables ........... 17
2.3. No More Separation of Human vs. Non-Human, Nature vs. Society .............. 23
2.4. The Neoliberal (s) at the Core of Renewables: An Example of Hydropower .. 28
3. TURKEY IN THE ANTHROPOCENE ........................................................................... 37
3.1. A Country Under and Behind the Impact of the Anthropocene ..................... 37
3.2. On the Way to More Renewables ................................................................... 40
3.3. Rush to Hydropower ....................................................................................... 44
4. ENERGOPOLITICS AND ENERGOPOWER AS FACILITATORS IN THE DEMISE OF THE
VILLAGE DARIBÜKÜ .................................................................................................... 49
4.1. Darıbükü: A Hidden and Isolated Village in Greens and Blues ........................ 49
4.2. Mukhtar as a Collaborator of Corporate Power.............................................. 53
4.3. Villagers at the Mercy of the Energy Company ............................................... 58
4.4. Urgent Expropriation Decisions: A Safe Harbor for Energopower to Anchor . 62
5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIAS): AN EXAMPLE OF INFIDELITY TO
ONE’S RAISON D’ÊTRE ................................................................................................ 68
5.1. A Quick Glance at Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) ........................ 68
5.2. Water Before Turning into Commodity........................................................... 72
5.3. Transformation of Cultura Animi into Numbers ............................................. 76
5.3.1. Water Turning into a Commodity ............................................................. 79
5.3.2. Homes, People, Plants, Trees Reducing into Numbers, and Standards ... 81
5.3.3. Public Participation Meeting in a Single Figure ........................................ 83
5.3.4. Culture and Health in Concrete Numbers ................................................ 85
5.4. Depoliticization via Technical Representations .............................................. 87
6. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 91
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 9