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No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Adem Akça tarafından çekilmiştir.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010
Unutma İstanbul : insanları, eserleri, mekanları ve tarihiyle İstanbul’un görsel belleği...
No full textİstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi & Turing ortaklığında İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı desteğiyle yürütülen “Unutma İstanbul” projesi tanıtım kitabıdır.İstanbul Kalkınma AjansıUNUTMA İSTANBUL PROJESİ ve İSTANBUL ŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ AKADEMİK ARŞİVİ /AyhanKAYGUSUZ……9
“Unutma İstanbul” Projesi ve İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Akademik Arşivi / Ayhan
KAYGUSUZ..........11
İSTANBUL ŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ AKADEMİK ARŞİVİ’NDE YER ALAN KOLEKSİYONLAR ve İSTANBUL’LA İLGİLİ BELGE ve FOTOĞRAFLARDAN ÖRNEKLER……………………………….......19
TAHA TOROS ARŞİVİ / Tuğba DAĞLI……………..21
Taha Toros’un Hayatı ve Eserleri…………………………………………………………..23 Taha Toros’un Kendi Döneminin Ünlü Edebiyatçı, Sanatçı ve Siyasetçileri ile Bir Arada Çekilmiş Fotoğrafları……………….33
Sultan V. Murad’a Ait Bazı Fotoğraflar…………………………………………………..43
Son Halife Abdülmecid Efendi’ye İlişkin Fotoğraf ve Belgeler…………..…………..44
Millî Mücâdele Dönemi Fotoğrafları……………………………………………………..54
Ünlü Edebiyatçı, Sanatçı ve Siyasetçilerin Orijinal Fotoğrafları……………………..55
Mesleklerinde Öncü Kadınlarımız………………………………………………………...65
Taha Toros Arşivi’nden Önemli Mektup ve Belgeler…………………………………..70
Kaynakça …………………………………………………………………………………….78
MEHMED FUAD KÖPRÜLÜ & ORHAN KÖPRÜLÜ ARŞİVİ / Hakan YILMAZ…...81
Mehmed Fuad Köprülü’nün Hayatı…………...…………………………………………84
Fuad Köprülü’nün İlmî Dehâsı ve Tarihle İlgili Tezleri…………………………………..88
Kitap ve Makaleleri………………………………………………………………………….91
Orhan Fuad Köprülü’nün Hayatı…………………………………………………………98
İlmî Çalışmaları……………………………………………………………………………….94 Mehmed Fuad Köprülü-Orhan Köprülü Arşivi Fotoğraf ve Belgeleri ……………...94
Mehmed Fuad Köprülü Arşivi’nden Seçilmiş Bazı Belge ve Fotoğraflar……………95
Dönemin Ünlü Sîmâları Tarafından Mehmed Fuad Köprülü’ye Gönderilmiş Bazı Mektup ve Resmî Yazışmalar……….104
Mehmed Fuad Köprülü Yazmalarından Seçme Metinler…………………………..114
Orhan Köprülü’nün Babasının Ölüm Ânını Not Ettiği Yapraklar…………...............126
Kaynakça…………………………………………………………………………………...127
CÜNEYD ORHON FOTOĞRAF STÜDYOSU ARŞİVİ / Burcu SEVER TUNA…………………129
Cüneyd-Süveyd Orhon Kardeşlerin Hayatı ve Meslekî Yaşamı……………………131
Cüneyd Orhon Fotoğraf Stüdyosu Arşivi’nin İçeriği……….…………………………137
Cüneyd Orhon Fotoğraf Stüdyosu’nda Çekilmiş Önemli Fotoğraflar…………….138
Kaynakça…………………………………………………………………………………...148
ZEYNEP ORHON TARGAÇ FOTOĞRAF KOLEKSİYONU / Sitti Zeynep KAPLAN....……..151
Zeynep Orhon Targaç ve Fotoğraf Koleksiyonu……………………………………..153
Zeynep Orhon Targaç’ın Fotoğraf Çalışmalarından Bazı Örnekler……………….157
Zeynep Orhon Targaç Cam Negatif Koleksiyonu’ndan Seçme Fotoğraflar…....159
Kaynakça…………………………………………………………………………………...172
OSMAN ÖNDEŞ FOTOĞRAF KOLEKSİYONU / Esra ÖZDEMİR………………………….....173
Osman Öndeş’in Hayatı ve Meslekî Yaşamı…………………………………………..175
Osman Öndeş Dia Koleksiyonundan Seçme İstanbul Fotoğrafları……………….179
Kaynakça ………………………………………………………………………………......191
TEKEL CEVİZLİ SİGARA FABRİKASI FOTOĞRAF ve BELGELERİ / Duygu MASAL……….193
Tekel Cevizli Sigara Fabrikası Fotoğraf ve Belgeleri…………………………………..196
Tekel Cevizli Sigara Fabrikası’ndan Fotoğraf ve Belge Örnekleri………………….197
Kaynakça…………………………………………………………………………………...211
REŞİD SAFFET ATABİNEN FOTOĞRAFLARI / Ayhan KAYGUSUZ & Esra ÖZDEMİR………213
Reşid Saffet Atabinen’in Kısa Biyografisi ve Görevleri…….....................................215
Reşid Saffet Atabinen Fotoğrafları……………………………………………………...217
Kaynakça…………………………………………………………………………………...236
SONUÇ……………….237
“UNUTMA İSTANBUL” PROJE ETKİNLİKLERİNDEN KARELER....23
A theory of ethnic violence:ethnic incorporation and ethno-political mobilization in Bulgaria and Cyprus
No full textThis article argues that the political accommodation of ethnic groups is a major determinant of ethnic violence and its effects vary depending on the preexisting levels of mobilization. Accordingly, civic assimilationism is the most effective ethnic incorporation mode in terms of ensuring that weakly mobilized ethnic groups remain peaceful. Liberal multiculturalism is most effective in terms of eliciting peaceful mobilizations from highly mobilized ethnic groups. The ethnocratic mode tends to be the most conducive to violent mobilization at both low and high pre-existing mobilization levels. The theory is explored through case studies of Turks in Bulgaria and Cyprus. By demonstrating how the effects of ethnic incorporation policies vary depending on pre-existing mobilization levels, the article also challenges previous assumptions about the relationship between political opening and ethnic mobilization. Such an account not only explains the political determinants of ethnic violence, but also indicates potential political remedies to such problems
A frequency multiplier for reference frequency in frequency synthesizer systems.
No full textA low jitter frequency multiplier, which requires less power, area, and design complexity than reference multiplying PLL
or DLL circuits can be used to generate the reference frequency for a low phase noise frequency synthesizer. This paper
proposes a mixed signal solution based on the fact that the average DC value of a signal is proportional to its duty cycle.
The solution uses a feedback loop with coarse and fine delay resolution to generate a 90 phase shifted clock that is used to
produce a doubled frequency signal with 50% duty cycle. This method can be used to multiply the input frequency of
40 MHz by multiples of 2, up to 16. The design is implemented in 65 nm UMC CMOS process. Operating from 1.2-V
supply, it dissipates 0.46 to 1.2 mA at output frequencies 80–640 MHz, achieving - 162.3 and - 139 dBc/Hz phase noise
at 1 MHz offset, respectively
Sonbahar ve yansıma
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Fatmanur Güneş tarafından çekilmiştir.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010
Yansıma
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Buse Gülpınar tarafından çekilmiştir.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010
From urban identity politics to urban market politics : mass housing in Başakşehir
No full textBaşakşehir was urbanized first by members of the Welfare Party via local
administrations and later by the mass housing projects implemented by the central
government during the rule of the Justice and Development Party. The housing
projects in Başakşehir, developed by Islamist managers, became a model that would
be applied all across Turkey. This study scrutinizes how this housing supply model
was developed, how it is implemented and what kind of social, political and economic
transformations it led to.
The housing process carried out by the public institutions KİPTAŞ and TOKİ in the
Başakşehir region, constitute prime examples of a model that was applied all across
Turkey. The need for housing and the desire to live in houses which provide higher
standards of living, result in a growing demand for projects produced by this model.
On the other hand, this model that was primarily aimed at constructing an identity
and was supported with Islamic discourse and symbols, transformed through
capitalist market conditions and engendered a large flow of capital in Turkey as well
as a new capitalist class. Furthermore, the implemented housing projects have
resulted in the re-production of social inequality in a different form, in Turkey via
urban rent seeking.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................. v
Dedication ................................................................................................................... vi
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................vii
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... viii
List of Figures ...............................................................................................................xi
List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ............................................................ 1
1.1. Setting the Problem ........................................................................................... 2
1.2. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 3
1.3. Hypotheses ........................................................................................................ 5
1.4. Organization of Thesis ....................................................................................... 7
1.5. Theories of Urban Sociology.............................................................................. 9
1.6. Literature Review ............................................................................................ 13
1.7. The Urban Development of Istanbul during the Republican Period ............... 18
2. GENERAL OVERVIEW ON BAŞAKŞEHİR ................................................................... 23
2.1. Transportation ................................................................................................. 24
2.2. Two Different Urbanization Characteristics of Başakşehir ............................. 24
2.2.1. Planned Settlements ................................................................................. 24
2.2.2. Unplanned Settlements ............................................................................ 25
2.3. Big Players in Construction Sector................................................................... 26
2.3.1. The Housing Development Administration (TOKİ) ................................... 27
2.3.2. The Armed Forces Pension Fund (OYAK) .................................................. 27
2.3.3. Istanbul Residence Development Plan Industry and Trade Inc. (KİPTAŞ) 28
3. URBAN IDENTITY POLITICS: CREATING AN ISLAMIC GATED COMMUNITY ............ 31
3.1. Erdogan’s Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Mayoralty .............................. 31
3.1.1. Erdoğan’s Interventions to the City .......................................................... 32
3.1.2. Erdoğan’s Vision of a City ......................................................................... 33
3.2. Construction of the First and Second Stages of Başak Houses ....................... 34
3.3. Reasons to Move to Başakşehir ...................................................................... 40
3.4. Neighbor Relations in Başakşehir .................................................................... 42
3.5. The Symbolism in the Naming of Başakşehir’s Spaces .................................... 43
3.6. The New Lifestyle of the Islamist Upper-Middle Class .................................... 44
3.7. Onurkent Mass Housing Area .......................................................................... 48
3.8. The Gölcük and Düzce Earthquakes in 1999 ................................................... 51
3.9. Eighth Development Plan ................................................................................ 51
3.10. The Economic Crisis of 2000 and 2001 .......................................................... 53
3.11. The AKP’s Electoral Declaration of 2002 and the 58th Government Program
................................................................................................................................ 54
3.12. Erdogan’s Prime Ministry and the 59th Government Program ..................... 55
4. THE INFLUENCE OF URBAN MARKET POLITICS: THE RAPID URBAN DEVELOPMENT
OF BAŞAKŞEHİR: 2004-2017 ....................................................................................... 57
4.1. How and Why Cities Develop? ........................................................................ 57
4.1.1. The Concept of Land Rent and the Value of Land .................................... 57
4.1.2. Factors Affecting Real Estate Prices.......................................................... 59
4.2. Changing the Concept of Urbanization in Başakşehir ..................................... 60
4.2.1. Legal Arrangements Made by the AKP Government ................................ 61
4.3. The AKP’s Local Election Victory of 2004 ........................................................ 67
4.4. Integration of Urban Services and House Construction .................................. 67
4.5. Onurkent Between 2004-2009 ........................................................................ 69
4.6. The Urbanization Process of Başakşehir After 2004: The Market Effect ........ 69
4.6.1. The Falling of Inflation and Interest Rates ................................................ 70
4.6.2. M3 Başakşehir Line and the Northern Marmara Motorway .................... 71
4.7. The Ninth Development Plan .......................................................................... 72
4.8. The AKP’s Electoral Declaration of 2007 and 60th Government Program ...... 73
4.9. Local Elections of 2009 .................................................................................... 74
4.9.1. The Solutions of the Title Deed Problem in Onurkent and Başakşehir .... 75
4.10. The Difference Between Low-Income and High-Income Housing Projects of
TOKİ ........................................................................................................................ 75
4.11. The Capital Flow Generated by TOKİ Projects ............................................... 77
4.12. From Kayabaşı to Kayaşehir .......................................................................... 80
4.13. İkitelli-Masko Houses and Metrokent Projects ............................................. 82
4.14. The Impact of Syrian Migrants on Başakşehir ............................................... 83
4.15. The AKP’s Electoral Declaration of 2011 and 61st Government Program .... 85
4.16. The Tenth Development Plan ........................................................................ 86
5. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 89
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 93
APPENDIX
LIST OF INTERVIEWEES ............................................................................................. 10
Everyday life, status groups and the sayfiye culture in Kadıköy during the second constitutional period
No full textKadıköy and sayfiye culture are two prominent themes that can be examined to explain and elucidate the meaning of social change in late Ottoman society. The transformational process from a grand and cosmopolitian empire to a modern nation state certainly encompasses a long and tumultuous period of time. However, it may be said that the most critical phase of this process was realized at the outset of twentieth century in the sense of social change, and due to the importance of Istanbul as the capital city, that is, as both transporter and witness of this change process. As for Kadıköy, it was a developing suburb district of Istanbul at that time. But with the advent of the second half of the nineteenth century, and with the commencement of ferry service (1850), and the building of the Haydarpaşa‐İzmit railway (1873), the structure of the city started to change, and in so doing, turned a favorite sayfiye place from a humble village, to a thriving hub. While this transformation was of interest to Ottoman courtiers and bureaucrats, Levantines, foreign merchants, and diplomats on the one side; it also involved Jews, Greeks, those who escaped from the Kuzguncuk fire, Crimean War migrants, and transient workers. In this sense, Kadıköy achieves a unique blend of being a tranquil settlement distanced from the luxurious living of Boğaziçi, and, yet takes a special place amongst pioneers of social change by internalizing new cultural components on a ground of social control to a lesser degree. In this study, the change that the Kadikoy district, experienced as both actor and witness within this period, will be elaborated by means of various memoirs. Abstract ........................................................................................................................ iv Öz ................................................................................................................................. vi Dedication ................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... viii Table of contents .......................................................................................................... x List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xii List of Figures ............................................................................................................. xiii List of Maps ................................................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Theoretical Basis: Ottoman Modernity and Debates on the Social Change and the Concept of Habitus ............................................................................................. 3 1.2. Studying Social Change in Ottoman Society specific to Kadıköy: Literature, Obstacles, and Solutions ........................................................................................ 12 1.3. Organization of the Study ................................................................................ 22 2. KADIKÖY IN SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD AT THE CONTEXT OF OTTOMAN MODERNITY ................................................................................................................ 26 2.1. History of the District from First Settlement in Ancient Times to Ottoman Era26 2.2. Beginning of the Transitional Period and Dualistic Performance of Tanzimat Period ..................................................................................................................... 37 2.3. Social Environment of Kadıköy in Second Constitutional Period .................... 47 2.4. Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 56 3. THE SAYFIYYE: AN OLD AND NEW PHENOMENON IN KADIKÖY ............................ 57 3.1. Traditional Practice of Sayfiye in Periods of Byzantine and Ottoman Empire 57 3. 2. Preferences of Sayfiye Places and Features of Sayfiye Houses ...................... 59 3. 3. Procedures and Rituals ................................................................................... 65 3. 4. Emergence of Sayfiye as an Uprising Trend in Everyday Life ......................... 68 3. 5. Significance of Kadıköy for Development and Transformation of Sayfiye Practice ................................................................................................................... 73 3. 6. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 77
4. THE IMPACT OF NEW STATUS GROUPS, AND THE SAYFIYE CULTURE ON EVERYDAY LIFE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN KADIKÖY ...................................................................... 79 4. 1. The Epicenter of Sayfiye Culture and Habitus: Konak, Kiosk and Yalı ............ 79 4. 2. Social Environment Formed around of Konak, Kiosk and Yalı ....................... 90 4.2.1. Inhabitants of Kadıköy: Families and Individuals ................................... 101 4. 2. 2. Mapping Second Constitutional Period’s Kadıköy ................................ 107 4. 3. Luxury Consumption, Entertainment and Art .............................................. 127 4. 4. Gender Segregation: Sea Baths .................................................................... 139 4. 5. Sport Activities .............................................................................................. 145 4. 6. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 149 5. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 150 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 157
APPENDICES A. List of Schools in Kadıköy in Second Constitutional Period (Based on Memoirs) .. .............................................................................................................................. 167 B. Distribution of Higher Status Groups in Kadıköy those live in Kiosks, Konaks and Yalıs ....................................................................................................................... 168
C. List of Ibadethanes in Kadıköy in Second Constitutional Period (Based on Memoirs) .............................................................................................................. 178
Humudity SAW sensor sensitivity enhancement via electrospraying of silver nanowires
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.In this research we investigated the influence of surface coatings of silver nanowires the sensitivity of SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) humidity sensors. Silver nanowires, withPVP(Polyvinylpyrrolidone),whichisahydrophiliccappingagent,werechemically synthesizedwithanaveragelengthof15µmandanaveragediameterof60nm. Humidity sensors, with a 433 MHz frequency dual-port resonator Rayleigh-SAW devices were coated bye AgNWs (Silver Nanowires) using the electrospray coating method. It was demonstrated that increasing thickness of coated AgNW on the surface of SAW devices results in increased sensitivity. The highest frequency shift (262 kHz) in these SAW devices was obtained with injection of 0.5 ml of the solution with concentration of 0.5 mg/mlininjectionrateof1ml/h. Italsoshowedthehighesthumiditysensitivityamong the other prepared SAW devices.Declaration of Authorship ii Abstract iii
Öz iv Acknowledgments vi
List of Figures ix List of Tables x
Abbreviations xi 1
General Introduction 1 1.1
Sensing and Sensors .............................. 1
1.2 Humidity .................................... 2
1.3 Humidity sensors ................................ 3
1.3.1 Electronic Sensors ........................... 4
1.3.1.1 Capacitance change-type humidity sensors ........ 4
1.3.1.2 Resistive humidity sensors ................. 5
1.3.2 Optic Sensors .............................. 6
1.3.3 Acoustic Sensors ............................ 7
1.3.3.1 QCM ............................. 8
1.3.3.2 QTF ............................. 8
1.3.3.3 FBAR ............................. 8
1.3.3.4 Plate Acoustic Waves (Lamb waves) ............ 9
1.3.3.5 Surface Acoustic wave (SAW) ............... 9
1.4 Humidity sensing material ........................... 11
1.4.1 Polymer Sensing Material ....................... 12
1.4.2 Ceramic Sensing Materials....................... 12
1.5 Nanomaterial Based Humidity Sensors .................... 12
2 Experimental 17
2.1 Introduction ................................... 17
2.2 Instruments and Chemicals .......................... 17
2.3 Synthesis of AgNW ............................... 18
2.4 SAW device preparation ............................ 18
2.5 Electro-spray coating .............................. 19
2.6 Characterization of AgNW .......................... 20
2.7 Sensor Measurement .............................. 21
3 Results and Discussion 23
4 Conclusion 27
Bibliography 2
Biometrics for smartphones:age recognition, gender recognition and idenfication
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Identi cation, gender and age recognition are directly used especially in the security eld and there are many researches that are actively conducted nowadays about these topics. Sensors are required for this studies. But the large and constrained sensors make it di cult for the experiments to be practicable. On the other hand, the use of smartphones are becoming increasingly popular and becoming an integral part of our lives. Therefore, the method of providing the necessary sensors via smartphones is increasing. For this study, accelerometers were used which are built-in smartphones and preferred especially to recognize motions. In a nutshell, the purpose of this thesis is to present, the study was done to recognize identi cation, age, and gender using the accelerometer sensor in a smartphone and the results of these studies. To accurately classify the identi cation, age groups, and genders that make the activities of walking and running. We also aimed to determine that which motions gives us better success rates in this classi cation. In addition, we aim to compare between the ve di erent classi cation algorithms. For this purpose, to collect data, and to be able to use built-in sensors, compatible Android and IOS applications have been developed. Also, feature vectors were derived from the Matlab tool and classi ed by using the Weka Data Mining tool. Five di erent classi ers have been studied and the performance evaluation and comparisons were made.Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iv
Öz v
Acknowledgments vii
List of Figures x
List of Tables xi
Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction 1
2 Background 4
2.1 Smart Phone Biometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Concepts of Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.1 Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.2 Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.3 Feature Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.4 Classi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 Related Work 11
3.1 Previous Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4 Recognition Process 22
4.1 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3 Preprocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.4 Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.5 Feature Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.6 Classi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5 Experimental Analysis Results 37
5.1 Performance Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.2 Experimental Analysis Results of Identi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.3 Experimental Analysis Results of Age Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.4 Experimental Analysis Results of Gender Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6 Conclusion and Future Work 54
A Visual Distributions of Features 55
Bibliography 6