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Anayasa yargısının siyasi kökenleri ve demokratik meşruluğu sorunu
Get PDFBu çalışmada, demokratik hukuk devleti anlayışının yerleşmesinde hayati öneme sahip olan anayasa yargısının siyasi kökenleri irdelenerek, demokratik olarak meşru olup olmadığı üzerinde durulmuştur. “Anayasal demokrasi”yi oluşturan “anayasalcılık” ve “demokratikleşme” kavramlarının tarihsel gelişimine mercek tutulmuş ve temelde bu iki kavram arasında bir “oksimoron” ya da bir çelişki olduğu tespitinden hareketle, bu iki kavram ikileminde anayasa yargısının nasıl kurulduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Devamında, bu iki kavrama benzer nitelikteki “Türk anayasal gelişme tezleri” anlatılmaya çalışılmış ve bu tezler ikileminde 1961 Anayasasında, Türk Anayasa Mahkemesinin (AYM) nasıl ele alındığı, 1961 Anayasasını ortaya koyan kurucu iktidar sıfatındaki Temsilciler Meclisinin zabıt tutanakları incelenerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türk Anayasa Mahkemesinin siyasi kökenleri ortaya konulurken, Ran Hirschl’in “Hegomonik Korunma” adlı tezi ile Şerif Mardin’in ortaya koyduğu “Merkez‐Çevre” ilişkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Neticede, 1961 ve 1982 anayasalarında Türk Anayasa Mahkemesinin anayasal denetim yapma kurgusunun kurucu iktidarlar tarafından nasıl ele alındığına değinildikten sonra, Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi ile Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin (AİHM) siyasi parti kapatma kararları üzerindeki yaklaşım farkları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve Türk Anayasa Mahkemesinin “ideoloji temelli” kararlar verdiği tespitinden hareketle, Türkiye’de politik sahada bir merkez‐çevre ilişkisinin hala devam ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından verilen siyasi parti kapatma kararları üzerinden "yargısal aktivizm” kavramı ile, yine Türk Anayasa Mahkemesinin bir jüristokrasiye dönüşüp demokratik temayülleri yok etme boyutuna ulaştığını ifade eden "hâkimler hükümeti" kavramı açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve TürkAnayasa Mahkemesinin demokratik meşruluğunu pekiştirmek için, kararlarında aktivist bir tavır takınmak yerine "kendi kendini sınırlama" yaklaşımını göstermesi gerektiği üzerinde durulmuştu
Construction and reconstruction of the new Turkey discourse:critical discourse analysis of newspaper columns (2010-2016)
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to conduct critical discourse analysis of the uses and
transformation of the “New Turkey” discourse between 2010 and 2016 based on
mainstream newspaper columns and to make sense of this discursive practice through
the Bourdieu’s concept of the Symbolic Power. It was first uttered after Justice and
Development Party (AKP) won the 2007 general elections and manifested as a new
political vision after 2010 Constitution Referendum. Concerning the research objective,
182 newspaper columns were scanned and divided into categories, and discursive
strategies under those categories were coded qualitatively via ATLAS TI program. The
codified texts were analyzed contextually and diachronically by using Critical Discourse
Analysis method. In accordance with the premises of the Adaptive Theory,
methodological framework of the thesis was constructed through the epistemological
integration of Critical Discourse Analysis and sociology of Bourdieu. According to the
findings, it was identified that the political crises in 2013 caused a rapture in the use of
the new Turkey discourse, and therefore radically changed the delineative feature of that
discourse. It was also revealed that the new Turkey, which had functioned as sort of
‘normalization’ discourse before 2013, has represented a discourse of powerful state and
civilization consisting of global claims, in company with a securitization discourse after
2013. Moreover, it was observed that the journalistic field, the academic field and the think-tank space played a significant role in the reproduction of the new Turkey discourse
by adapting it to the contradictory contexts.Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iv
Öz…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………vi
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... ix
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... x
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 9
2.1. Critical Discourse Analysis ....................................................................................... 9
2.1.1. Relational/Dialectical Construction of Discourse .............................. 9
2.1.2. Contextuality of Discourse ............................................................... 14
2.1.3. Discourse as Legitimate Language and Linguistic Capital ................ 19
2.2. Pierre Bourdieu .......................................................................................................22
2.2.1. Habitus ............................................................................................. 22
2.2.2. Fields ................................................................................................ 27
2.2.3. Capital-Symbolic Power-Doxa .......................................................... 33
3. METHOD ....................................................................................................................... 38
3.1. Sampling ...................................................................................................................40
3.2. Coding and Analysis ................................................................................................42
4. CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE COLUMNS ..................................................... 44
4.1. Period between 2010 and 2014............................................................................44
4.1.1. Democratization and Normalization ................................................ 44
4.1.2. Demilitarization of Politics: Liquidation of Military Tutelage .......... 55
4.1.3. Discourse of Peace-building: Kurdish Question ............................... 66
4.2. Period between 2014 and 2016 ............................................................................80
4.2.1. Change of the New Turkey’s Constitutive Other ............................. 83
4.2.2. Imperial Claims: Discourse of Restoration of the Republic or Symbolic
Re-foundation of the Ottoman Empire ............................................................................ 97
4.2.3. Discourse of the Leadership and the Presidential System............. 107
5. INTERPRETATION and CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 114
5.1. Contextual Adaptation .........................................................................................115
5.2. Categories of Perception, Discursive Construction of the Constitutive Other
and Self-Representation ..........................................................................................................118
5.3. Relations in the Journalistic Field .......................................................................124
5.4. Epilogue ..................................................................................................................128
6. References .................................................................................................................. 13
A study on transforming art and generations under the influence of digitalization
No full textArt has been influenced by all the technological developments that have taken place
on a daily basis and is transformed by the influence of technology. As digital media is
beginning to be used for art, new possibilities for artists are formed and art can be found in
daily life. In this research, the arts that have been encountered with contemporary people
are handled and the reflections of digital culture on the arts are discussed. The research of
this study is a survey conducted with people representing X, Y, and Z generations of 405
people selected from internet users. The responses of this survey study were analyzed by
Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis methods. As a result of the data obtained in the study, the
relationship between the generations was tried to be revealed with digital art
Confronting recent history:Serbia's 'fateful eight' and a decade of Kosovo's independence in the Serbian media (2008-2018)
No full textSerbia's latest "fateful eight" - from the 1918 creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, to the student protests of 1968 - is by far the declaration of independence of its former southernmost province, Kosovo, in 2008. Having in mind that the Kosovo myth - much debated in scholarly circles - is a key instance in understanding Serbia's nationalism ever since its inception in the nineteenth century, a strong discourse negating Kosovo's independence has been promulgated by the media. Through the lens of media content analysis, the author tackles the Kosovo-related rhetoric within the media in Serbia's recent history, from the declaration of Kosovo's independence, to 2018
A content analysis of TBMM minutes about AK Party’s position on the Kurdish Question between 2001 and 2017
Get PDFThe Kurdish Question, long an issue of debate in the Turkish public, became one of
the prevalent points of discussion following the Justice and Development Party’s (AK
Party) rise to power. The aim of this study is to do a content analysis of speeches by
AK Party deputies in parliamentary sessions that contain the word “Kürt” between
2001, the founding year of AK Party, and the end of 2017. The study will also
scrutinize the claims of AK Party’s “swing to a more nationalistic tone”, taking into
account the opinion pieces, news articles etc. that were published in the given period.
The change that was observed in the approach of AK Party deputies to the Kurdish
Question, in context and ideology, will be thoroughly analyzed. The upshot of these
analysis’ will present the turning points in AK Party’s handling of the issue in context
and ideology on a yearly scale and will define periods that represent the paradigm
shifts. The upshot of this thesis, based on TBMM minutes, indicate that statements
that were made in the parliament by AK Party deputies became security-centric over
the years, displaying that AK Party moved to a more nationalistic position on the
Kurdish question.CONTENTS:
Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv Öz ................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... vii List Of Tables ................................................................................................................ x List Of Figures .............................................................................................................. xi List Of Abbrevations ................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTERS ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Thesis Statement ........................................................................................... 2 1.2. Contribution .................................................................................................. 3 1.3. Methodology ................................................................................................. 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Academic debates ......................................................................................... 7 2.2. Statements from AK Party politicians ........................................................... 9 2.3. Statements from Opposition Parties ........................................................... 12 2.4. Opinions from Columnists ........................................................................... 14 2.4.1. Opinions from Columnists affirming “AK Party’s increasing nationalistic tendencies” ........................................................................................................ 14 2.4.2. Opinions from Columnists disaffirming “AK Party’s increasing nationalistic tendencies” .................................................................................... 19 2.5. Opinions from International Media Outlets ................................................ 20 3. CODEBOOK ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1. Text .............................................................................................................. 24 3.2. Name ........................................................................................................... 25 3.3. Province ....................................................................................................... 25 3.4. Role .............................................................................................................. 26 3.5. Gender ......................................................................................................... 27 3.6. Date ............................................................................................................. 27 3.7. Type ............................................................................................................. 27 3.8. Keywords ..................................................................................................... 27 3.9. Context ........................................................................................................ 29 3.9.1. Political ................................................................................................. 29 3.9.2. Sociocultural ......................................................................................... 30 3.9.3. Security ................................................................................................. 31
3.9.4. Foreign Policy ....................................................................................... 31 3.9.5. Education ............................................................................................. 32 3.10. Ideology ................................................................................................... 33 3.10.1. Nationalism ....................................................................................... 34 3.10.2. Liberalism ......................................................................................... 34 3.10.3. Conservatism .................................................................................... 35 4. DATA OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 37 4.1. Contexts ....................................................................................................... 41 4.1.1. Political ................................................................................................. 43 4.1.2. Sociocultural ......................................................................................... 44 4.1.3. Security ................................................................................................. 45 4.1.4. Foreign Policy ....................................................................................... 45 4.1.5. Education ............................................................................................. 46 4.2. Ideologies .................................................................................................... 47 4.2.1. Liberalism ............................................................................................. 48 4.2.2. Nationalism .......................................................................................... 49 4.2.3. Conservatism ........................................................................................ 49 5. DATA ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 51 5.1. Context ........................................................................................................ 52 5.1.1. Political ................................................................................................. 54 5.1.2. Sociocultural ......................................................................................... 54 5.1.3. Security ................................................................................................. 55 5.1.4. Foreign Policy ....................................................................................... 56 5.1.5. Education ............................................................................................. 57 5.2. Ideology ....................................................................................................... 58 5.2.1. Liberalism ............................................................................................. 60 5.2.2. Nationalism .......................................................................................... 60 5.2.3. Conservatism ........................................................................................ 61 6. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 63 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 67 APPENDIX...................................................................................................................7
Low power CMOS thermometer sensor with a bandgap reference for LSI applications
Get PDFLife-assisting medical devices such as CMOS (LSIC)s, which operate with low power and occupy a minimum area for long time operation and minimum cost, are becoming more and more important in health care industry. Most of the life log devices use two major blocks containing thermometer sensor along with bandgap circuits. These on-chip voltage reference(BGC)s and temperature sensors are the most fundamental blocks for analog circuits that play an important role in internet of things or low cost system on chip applications. Moreover, voltage references are very common in mixed-signal designs such as ADCs, DACs, PLLs and most significantly used in power management circuits. Regarding the second part related to on-chip thermometer sensors, CMOS based thermometersareprominentfortheirsmallareausinglowpowerconsumption. Thesesensors are employed in thermal applications to monitor the features of the circuits in terms of temperature variation at process corners and mismatches. In this thesis, we explain the design of a thermometer circuit that utilizes a BGR for low cost, low power applications. The proposed CMOS thermometer sensor enunciates a linear characteristic between temperature range from −40◦C to 125◦C with an inaccuracy of 3◦C. This circuit operates for voltage supply ranges from 0.6 to 0.8V and with a static power consumption of 64nW at typical 27◦C. The circuit utilizes the temperature dependency of threshold voltage of MOSFET. Results of the sensor is verified across different corner and mismatch cases with Monte Carlo Simulations. In the second part of the thesis, two low power (BGC)s designs in CMOS 65nm technology, which are optimized for low power, and area, are presented. First design can generate a reference voltage between temperature ranges −40◦C to 125◦C with 2mV inaccuracy. Temperature Coefficient for this design is around 62ppm/◦C and the PSRR is 57dB @ 1 KHz in the supply range from 1V to 2V. The design consumes 5µW in the overall temperature range. Second design works in the same temperature range of −40◦C to 125◦C with an uncertainty of 8mV. Temperature coefficient is approximately 111ppm/◦C and the PSRR is 33.3dB @ 1 KHz between 1.2V to 2V supply voltage range. Power consumption is less than 1µW and requires much less area compared to the first design. Both designs are simulated using Cadence Spectre using UMC 65nm CMOS technology.Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iii
Öz iv
Acknowledgments vi
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Abbreviations xi
1 Motivation 1 1.1 Thesis Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Thesis Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Introduction 3 2.1 SoC based CMOS Thermometer Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.1 On-chip Thermometer Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.2 Conventional CMOS Based Temperature Measurement . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Voltage Reference Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.1 Bandgap Reference Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.2 Conventional CMOS based BGRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 Parameters Defining Both Thermometer Sensors and Bandgaps Circuits . 6 2.3.1 Temperature Coefficient (TC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.2 Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.3 Supply Independent Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.4 Temperature Inacccuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.5 Variation Across Process Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.6 Monte Carlo Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Low Power Thermometer Sensor 8 3.1 Proposed thermometer Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.1 Start-Up Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.2 Sensing Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1.3 Complete Schematic Using Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.4 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.4.1 Process Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.4.2 Monte Carlo Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 Low Power Bandgap References 18 4.1 Proposed Bandgap Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.1.1 Sub-1V Bandgap Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.1.1.1 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.1.2 Subthreshold Bandgap Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.1.2.1 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5 Conclusion and Future Work 34 5.1 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The making of a cinema culture through cinema magazines inearly Republican Turkey (1923-1928) : the business, stars, and audience
No full textThis study aims to understand the cinema culture during the early years of the
Turkish Republic. In order to carry out the research, the discourse on the cinema
magazines of the 1920s is examined. The study starts by describing the
characteristics of this specific period of time in order to understand the cultural
context in which cinema magazines emerged. The thesis consists of three main
chapters. First, it focuses on cinema as a field of entrepreneurship and an
entertainment business, analyzing texts on movie-house management, the leasing
of films, production processes in other countries, and advertisement techniques in
cinema magazines. Second, it analyzes articles on film stars in terms of star theories
and questions the discourse on stardom in the magazines, examining writings on
star biographies and their everyday lives, and exploring the tension between the
desire of becoming a star and the limitation of this desire through the tragedies in
their lives. Third, it examines the construction of the audience in cinema magazines
through a number of texts written on several audience profiles, as well as through
the reader letters and the contests. The constant emphasis on the construction of
cinema as a site of consumption is discussed in detail in each chapter via the
method of discourse analysis.ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... iv
ÖZ ................................................................................................................................. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTERS ..................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Cultural Background .......................................................................................... 1
1.2. Time Frame ........................................................................................................ 4
1.3. The Purpose of the Study .................................................................................. 4
1.4. Literature Review and Theoretical Framework ................................................. 6
1.5. The Material of the Analysis .............................................................................. 8
1.6. Outline and Chapter Preview .......................................................................... 12
2. Cinema as a New Field of Business ........................................................................ 15
2.1.“Analyzing Cinema from a Commercial Viewpoint” ......................................... 17
2.1.1. A profitable business................................................................................. 17
2.1.2. Advertisement .......................................................................................... 19
2.1.3. Commercialism as a culture transmitter .................................................. 23
2.2. Movie-House Management during the Early Republic ................................... 25
2.2.1. Produced in “film factories,” distributed by “commerce houses” ........... 25
2.2.2. Importing, renting, and leasing films ........................................................ 29
2.2.3. Designing a program ................................................................................. 31
2.2.4. A competitive environment ...................................................................... 34
2.2.5. Producing a Turkish film ........................................................................... 35
2.3. Film Production Processes in America and Europe ......................................... 36
2.3.1. The foreign market of Hollywood ............................................................. 36
2.3.2. Film production: Expensive but profitable ............................................... 38
2.3.3. Acting as an occupation ............................................................................ 40
3. Stars as Models for Everyday Life .......................................................................... 45
3.1. An Overview of Star Biographies ..................................................................... 47
3.1.1. Being “beautiful,” “photogenic,” and “talented” ..................................... 49
3.1.2. Specific conditions for the emergence of a star ....................................... 52
3.1.3. Everyday lives of the stars: Working capacity .......................................... 54
3.1.4. Everyday lives of the stars: Leisure activities ........................................... 56
3.1.5. Fashion and sports: Leisure activity or professional requirement? ......... 59
3.2. How to Be a Star: Recipes for Ordinary People ............................................... 66
3.2.1. “The myth of success”: Luck versus hard work ........................................ 67
3.2.2. “The powerless elite”: Stars and politics .................................................. 72
3.2.3. The limits of desire ................................................................................... 76
3.3. “The Dream Soured”: Why not to Be a Star .................................................... 77
3.3.1. The case of Rudolph Valentino ................................................................. 77
3.3.2. Acting as a hazardous occupation ............................................................ 80
3.3.3. Glamor reconsidered ................................................................................ 82
4. Constructing the Audience ..................................................................................... 86
4.1. Cinematic Experience in Early Republican Turkey .......................................... 88
4.1.1. Film presentations and programs ............................................................. 88
4.1.2. Diversity of backgrounds: Gender, multi-ethnicity, and “provinciality” .. 94
4.1.3. Describing the audiences .......................................................................... 97
4.2.Towards Fandom and Consumption ................................................................ 99
4.2.1. The audience as followers of the stars ..................................................... 99
4.2.2. The audience as customers .................................................................... 106
4.3. The Active Audience ...................................................................................... 108
4.3.1. Demands and opinions of the audience ................................................. 110
4.3.2. Responses to reader letters .................................................................... 113
5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 117
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... 122
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................. 130
A. Ticaret Hayatında Reklam - Film Mecmuası/Le Film, Sayı 5, 28 Teşrinisani (Kasım) 1926 .......................................................................................................................... 130
B. Metro-Goldvin [Metro-Goldwyn]Filmleri– Opera-Sine, Sayı 6, 21 Teşrinievvel (Ekim) 1925 .............................................................................................................. 133
C. Şehrimize Filmler Nasıl Getirilir ve Nasıl Kiralanır– Sinema Yıldızı, Sayı 3, 26 Haziran 1924 ............................................................................................................ 135
D. İzmir’de Film Ticareti – Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 16, 16 Mart 1927 .......... 137
E. Sinema Artisti Olmak İçin – Sinema Yıldızı, Sayı 1, 12 Haziran 1924 .................... 140
F. Meşhur Sinema Yıldızları – Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 7, 23 Kanunıevvel (Aralık) 1926 ............................................................................................................. 142
G. Sinema Sanatkârlığı – Opera-Sine, Sayı 3, 18 Aralık 1925 ................................... 145
H. Mey Mürrey’in [Mae Murray] Bir Günlük Hayatı – Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 8, 30 Kanunıevvel (Aralık) 1926 ................................................................................ 150
I. Zayıflamak İçin – Sinema Yıldızı, Sayı 2, 19 Haziran 1924 ..................................... 154
J. Fidye-i Zafer: Şöhretlerinden İstifade Mi Ediyorlar, Yoksa Mukadderatlarının Kurbanı Mı Oluyorlar? – Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 5, 9 Kanunıevvel (Aralık) 1926 .......................................................................................................................... 156
K. Ölümle… Nasıl Cilveleşiyorlar– Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 8, 30 Kanunıevvel (Aralık) 1926 ............................................................................................................. 160
L. Acaba, Zannettiğiniz Gibi Midirler? – Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 8, 30 Kanunıevvel (Aralık) 1926......................................................................................... 166
M. Dün ve Bugün – Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 2, 11 Teşrinisani (Kasım) 1926 . 171
N. Announcements – Film Mecmuası/Le Film, Sayı 3, 14 Teşrinisani (Kasım) 1926 176
O. Vilayetimizde Sinema – Artistik Sine/Artistic Cine, Sayı 3, 18 Teşrinisani (Kasım) 1926 .......................................................................................................................... 17