56271 research outputs found
Sort by
Women’s labor and the construction of subjectivities:women textile workers in İstanbul
Get PDFThis thesis aims to examine women’s labor activities in Istanbul’s textile industry from
the gender perspective. In small, informally organized workshops and the piece-work
production in migrant neighborhoods, women’s economic activities provide products
for the global capitalist market via their husbands, families, and neighbors. While
their work is considered as low-skill and cheap, these women generate an extensive
and proliferating informal labor market in the textile industry of Turkey. In the
prevailing literature women workers are categorized as an oppressed class, regarded
as merely the victims of the global capitalist market and family relations. Based on
women worker’s experiences and definitions of work and gender relations this study
aims to go beyond the material relations and to look at kinship logic and domestic
power negotiations, as well as seeking to understand how women workers deal with
unequal gender relations. By applying concepts of subjectivity and performativity, the
forms in which women workers construct their subjectivities through paid work and
domestic relations are analyzed. Their contribution to household income via piece
work is also discussed in the context of domestic power relations. Based on the
results of the ethnographic case study method, it is concluded that women workers
cannot be defined as victims of family and kinship networks; rather they have
different stories, vantage points, and their own strategies of dealing with unequal
labor relations.ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... iv
ÖZ ..................................................................................................................................v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. viii
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
2. WOMEN’S LABOR AND TURKEY ............................................................................... 8
2.1. ‘Invisible’ Labor and Gender ............................................................................. 8
2.2. Emerging issues .............................................................................................. 13
3. RESEARCH STRATEGY AND FIELDWORK ................................................................. 15
3.1. Methodology .................................................................................................. 15
3.2. Field Experiences ............................................................................................ 19
4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 22
4.1. Background: Capitalism, Family and Labor .................................................... 22
4.2. Framework for Analyzing: Strategies and the “Subjectivity” ......................... 29
4.2.1. “Performativity” ..................................................................................... 32
5. FORMATION OF INFORMAL WORK IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY ............................. 36
5.1. Atmosphere in “Merdivenaltı”: Arabesk ........................................................ 36
5.2. Zeytinburnu and Sultançiftliği ........................................................................ 37
5.2.1. Kinship Networks: “I wish everyone made a living where they were born”
.......................................................................................................................... 39
5.2.2. How about women? ............................................................................... 40
5.2.3. Safety and Health at Work...................................................................... 43
5.2.4. Abuse and Harassment at Work ............................................................. 44
5.2.5. Syrian Workers ........................................................................................ 46
5.2.6. Social Security and Unions ...................................................................... 48
6. DOMESTIC NEGOTIATIONS .................................................................................... 50
6.1. Decision-Making Processes and Control over Money .................................... 51
6.2. Home and Housework Burden as “Woman’s Work” ..................................... 55
6.3. A Discussion of “Fıtrat” .................................................................................. 59
6.4. Subjectivities and Meanings of Work ............................................................. 61
7. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 64
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 6
In pursuit of social cohesion and harmony in urban space:the external and internal dynamics of neighborhoods in early eighteenth-century Ottoman Istanbul
Get PDFIn modern cities, neighborhoods are mostly seen as a part of urban planning. Modern
people are identified with ID numbers and there are many apparatuses which watch
them from mobile phones to social media in their everyday lives. In the early modern
world, however, the social aspects of the neighborhood fulfilled the same role. There
was a heightened awareness of being a neighborhood resident and the neighborhood
watch as the most effective tool for social control. This awareness and sense of
belonging brought with them an increased accountability and responsibility among
the dwellers to one another. In this thesis, I will analyze some neighborhood-related
cases from various Istanbul court records of the very early eighteenth century, which
was one of the most turbulent periods of the imperial capital in terms of military
failures, social unrest, natural disasters, and so on. On the basis of these court records
and other official and non-official primary sources, I will try to explore the role of the
community-based neighborhood structure in maintaining social control and order in
Istanbul. In doing so, I will consider both the external (state-based) factors and
internal (neighborhood-based) factors. The findings and/or non-findings of this study
offer an opportunity for both horizontal and vertical comparison of early eighteenth
century Istanbul neighborhoods with the neighborhoods of its contemporaries as
well as the earlier times.Abstract ...................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................ vi
Dedication .................................................................................................................. viii
Preface ......................................................................................................................... ix
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... x
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... xiii
List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xv
List of Figures ............................................................................................................. xvi
CHAPTERS
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Subject and Research Questions ............................................................... 4
1.2 Sources ...................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Outline ...................................................................................................... 12
2. Historiography of Ottoman Urban and Neighborhood-Related Social History
Studies ........................................................................................................................ 14
2.1 Islamic City ............................................................................................... 16
2.2 Historiography of Urban History in Ottoman History Studies ................. 23
2.3 Review of Neighborhood and Neighborhood-related Social History Studies
in Ottoman Context ....................................................................................... 28
2.4 The Historiography of Sijill-based Studies ............................................... 36
3. Historical Context of the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries ........ 40
3.1 Wars, Frontiers, and Military Balance ...................................................... 41
3.2 Changing Economic Balance .................................................................... 47
3.3 Social Unrest and Population Movements .............................................. 50
3.4. Janissary Rebellions and Edirne Vak’ası .................................................. 58
4. Neighborhood as a Unit of Analysis ...................................................................... 65
4.1 What Is a Neighborhood? ........................................................................ 66
4.2 Debates on Neighborhoods from a Sociological and Historical Perspective
Especially for the Early Modern Ottoman Context ........................................ 70
4.3 The General Features of Neighborhoods in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul
........................................................................................................................ 83
5. Pursuit of Social Cohesion in Neighborhoods of Eighteenth-Century Ottoman
Istanbul: Social Conflict and Harmony ..................................................................... 108
5.1 Collectivity within a Neighborhood ....................................................... 111
5.2 Neighborhood Watch as a Means of Social Harmony and Conflict ....... 114
5.3 Social Control or Social Order? .............................................................. 120
5.4 Social Control Mechanisms in Cities of Ottoman .................................. 124
5.4.1 Warning and Condemnation .................................................. 125
5.4.2 Sulh .......................................................................................... 127
5.4.3 Applying to Court .................................................................... 128
5.4.4 Neighborhood Raid ................................................................. 129
5.4.5 Hüsn-i hâl (Good Conduct) or Su-i hâl (Bad Conduct) ............. 131
5.4.6 The Surety System (Kefalet bin-Nefs) ..................................... 137
5.4.7 Expulsion from Neighborhood ................................................ 153
6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 173
Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 179
Appendices
A. A newspaper clipping from 1994 about the neighborhood of Kuzguncuk .......... 211
B. A very vivid depiction of a neighborhood raid under the leadership of an imam in
the eighteenth century on the house of a prostitute .............................................. 212
C. The original version of the edict ordering the bail survey and exile of mischievous
people who did not have a guarantor, which was cited in the beginning of the fifth
chapter ..................................................................................................................... 216
D. The original version of the edict ordering the bail survey and exile of mischievous
people who did not have a guarantor, which was cited in the beginning of the fifth
chapter ..................................................................................................................... 217
E. The original version of the edict ordering the bail survey and exile of mischievous
people who did not have a guarantor, which was cited in the beginning of the fifth
chapter ..................................................................................................................... 218
F. Istanbul Bab Court Records No.86, 39/2b ............................................................ 219
Table 1.1. Istanbul Court Records Examined Through This Thesis between 1700-1706
...................................................................................................................................... 7
Table 4.1. Population Size of the Largest European Cities in 1700............................ 86
Table 4.2. The graph of the origins of the names of Istanbul neighborhoods in the
sixteenth century ....................................................................................................... 89
Table 4.3. The Names of the Neighborhoods mentioned in Istanbul Court Records ....
.................................................................................................................................... 8
Türkiye ve uluslararası mevzuat açısından bulut bilişim sistemlerinin incelenmesi
No full textCloud computing is the name given to internet based information systems that are used and shared by users when necessary. The basic purpose of cloud computing is to provide sharing of resources without service infrastructure. Ensuring the security and integrity of these shared resources depend on the country's legislation. This study focuses on cloud computing systems. At the same time, cloud computing in our country and international legislation structure is presented problems and solution suggestions from different angles
Karayollarındaki hızlarin tahmini için bir yapay sinir ağı yaklaşımı
No full textIt is possible for routing and navigation applications to provide more accurate and more effective route planning solutions by accurately predicting the traffic density or vehicle speed. Numerous methods and approaches have been studied to achieve this objective; however, they have mainly focused on the short-term traffic prediction. In addition, the studies that attempt to provide mid-and long-term predictions tend to show unacceptable accuracy levels. In this study, we employ Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). They will combine the predictions made by various time series forecasting methods to make mid-and long-term speed predictions. In the experimental study, we utilize floating car speed data on two routes collected by GPS devices with 1-minute intervals over a five month-period. The results reveal the superior performance of ANN and show that it provides accurate predictions over a 30-minute time interval
Sultan Abdülhamid döneminde İngiliz Hıristiyan Siyonistler
Get PDFFilistin meselesinin oluşum sürecinde Hıristiyan Siyonistlerin oynadığı rol, genellikle
göz ardı edilen hususlardandır. Siyasî bir kavram olarak 1890’larda kullanılmaya başlanan Siyonizm,2 kısaca, Yahudilerin Filistin’e dönüşü ve burada bağımsız bir devlet kurma fikrini ifade etmektedir. Filistin’de kurulacak yeni devletin Yahudi nüfusuna dayanması öngörüldüğünden, bugüne kadar yapılan Türkçe neşriyatta Siyonizm konusunda
daha çok Yahudilerin faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise, Siyonizm’in oluşum
seyrinde katkısı giderek önemsenen Hıristiyan Siyonizm’inin İngiliz temsilcilerinden
birkaç önemli isme dikkat çekilmeye çalışılacaktır. Filistin’e Yahudi göçü hususuna
katkısı bakımından Alman, Amerikan ve Fransız Hıristiyan Siyonistlerin rolü de dikkate
değer olmakla birlikte, bu çalışmada İngiltere kökenli üç Hıristiyan Siyonist’in, sırasıyla
Anthony Ashley-Cooper (1801-1885), Laurence Oliphant (1829-1888) ve William Henry Hechler (1845-1931 )’in üzerinde durulacaktır
The Cyprus Question, international law and European Law: An assessment
No full textCyprus is an interesting issue for jurists. Numerous legal opinions have
been issued by the two parties (Turkish and Greek) and also by third parties
that wish to clarify the legal situation on the island.' The Cyprus question is
prone to polemic, sloganeering and propaganda. In that regard, this article
does not intend to give a complete summary of the arguments and the
chronology of the incidents that took place on the island but rather is intended
to discuss and evaluate the opposing legal positions. In this regard, the
assertion of this article is that the Europeanization of the Cyprus question has
blocked any prospect of a solution. Thus, an analysis of this Europeanization
is in order
Multipath delay profile and Doppler spread of millimeter radiowaves over the sea channel
No full textThis paper presents a line-of-sight (LoS) ship-to-ship wireless communication for millimeter radiowaves over the sea surface. 35 GHz and 94 GHz have been analyzed by our simulations as they are the frequencies of interest for the sea channels at millimeter radiowaves. The main time dispersion parameters of maritime channel such as mean excess delay, Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread, coherence bandwidth (Bc), Doppler spread as well as coherence time and coherence distance have been investigated in this work. Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs) of time delay parameters indicate that the maritime channels can be assumed frequency non-selective as long as the bandwidth of transmitted signal does not exceed 750 MHz and 1.53 GHz at 35 GHz and 94 GHz, respectively. In addition, based on the results obtained from the Doppler spectrum, the sea channel is not affected by vessel movements and therefore the efficacy of Doppler frequency is negligible in maritime environments at these two frequencies. Consequently, the corresponding coherence times are relatively long enough not to cause distortion due to motion. As for the coherence distance, our results illustrate that the coherence distance for off shore marine channels is so large that it offers no space diversity over the sea channel
Application of privacy-preserving clustering methods using homomorphic encryption algorithms
Get PDFThe need of protection and processing of the sensitive data in large scale data systems (for example data derived from nancial systems, militaristic systems or social media platforms) is a common problem. Usage of traditional cryptographic methods for data protection mainly needs at least two of the ciphering, deciphering and data processing works to be done on the same side. Because of this, with increase of the data size there will be a need for higher processing power to work on the data. Using traditional encryption algorithms for protection of the sensitive data on large scale systems, also brings the need of exchanging the needed keys for protection and processing the data. Homomorphic encryption schemes have enough exibility that, they should be used on data systems that contains data from multiple parts, because of its feature of allowing to process the encrypted data like its non-encrypted form. With the usage of homomorphic encryption schemes and proper data learning systems on encrypted data, distribution of sensitive data to dierent parties can be done without violatingitsprivacy. Inthisthesis, weproposeamethodtorunmathematicalcomputations which needs high processing power on a common platform which oers high processing power of data but not on parties that the sensitive data will be distributed. As a result the partners of this systems will not need to have high processing power to function on the data because the high processing demanding tasks would be done on the common platform. In this research Paillier Cryptographic system was used to protect data privacy. Paillier Cryptographic algorithm's most prominent features are its asymmetrical and partially homomorphic behavior. We proposed a system that uses privacy preserving distance matrix calculation as input for several clustering algorithms which are commonly used in machine learning systems. Our system is evaluated considering dierent data lengths and dierent key lengths. Four dierent data clustering methods have been tested. By applying clustering algorithms on both encrypted and plain forms of the same data for dierent key and data lengths, we obtained performance results by using six dierent metrics.CONTENTS:
Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iv
Öz v
Acknowledgments vii
List of Figures x
List of Tables xiii
1 Introduction 1 1.1 Current Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Related Work 4 2.1 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Preliminaries 8 3.1 Data Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.1 K-Means Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1.2 Hierarchical Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.3 Spectral Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1.4 Birch Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1.5 Evaluation Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1.5.1 Homogeneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1.5.2 Completeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.1.5.3 V-Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.1.5.4 Adjusted Rand Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.5.5 Adjusted Mutual Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.5.6 Silhouette Coecient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.2 Homomorphic Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.2.1 Paillier Cryptosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2.2 Floating Point Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4 System Model 18 4.1 Development Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.2 Sequence Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2.1 Client Computaion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.2.2 Data Authority Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2.3 Model Building at Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5 Experiments and Results 24 5.1 Plaintext Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.1.1 K-Means Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.1.2 Hierarchical Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.1.3 Spectral Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.1.4 Birch Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.2 Encrypted Domain Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.2.1 K-Means Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.2.2 Hierarchical Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5.2.3 Spectral Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5.2.4 Birch Algorithm Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6 Conclusions and Future Work 67
Bibliography 6
Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin yargısal aktivizmi : laiklik ilkesi çerçevesinde verilen kararlar üzerine bir inceleme
Get PDFTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin yargısal aktivizminin laiklik ilkesi çerçevesinde verilen kararlar bağlamında incelenmesi bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Yargısal aktivizm, anayasa mahkemelerinin yetkilerini genişletmesi yoluyla yargısal denetim sınırlarını aşması olarak tanımlanabilir. Söz konusu Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi olunca, yargısal aktivizm ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Mahkeme kuruluşundan itibaren birçok tartışmalı karara imza atmış, 2000’li yıllardan itibaren bu kararlar yargısal aktivizm kavramı etrafında eleştirilmiştir. Din-devlet ilişkileri bağlamında laiklik ilkesi çerçevesinde verilen kararlar bu tartışmalı konuların başında gelmektedir. Çalışmada bu kararların yargısal aktivizm niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığı, Mahkemenin benimsediği laiklik tutumu göz önüne alınarak incelenmiştir. Dava konusu itibariyle laiklikle ilgili verilen kararların dışındaki aktivizm örnekleri bu çalışmanın kapsamı dışındadır. Çalışmada dava metinleri baz alınmış, gerekli yerlerde ikincil kaynaklara başvurulmuştur. Yargısal aktivizm ve laiklik kavramlarının teorik incelemesinde ise bu konularda yazılan yetkin eserler dikkate alınmıştır. İnceleme sonucunda, Mahkemenin katı laiklik anlayışını benimsediği kararlarda aynı zamanda aktivist bir tutum içinde olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Öz ............................................................................................................................ iv
Abstract .................................................................................................................... v
Teşekkür .................................................................................................................. vi
İçindekiler ............................................................................................................... vii
Kısaltmalar ............................................................................................................... ix
BÖLÜMLER
1. GİRİŞ .....................................................................................................................
1 2. YARGISAL AKTİVİZMİN KAVRAMSAL ANALİZİ .........................................................6
2.1. Kavramın Ortaya Çıkışı ....................................................................................6
2.2. Kavramının Tanımı, Tespiti ve Görünüm Biçimleri .........................................11
2.3. Kavramın Politik Niteliği ................................................................................18
2.4. Yargısal Kendini Sınırlama .............................................................................21
3. TÜRK ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ’NİN YARGISAL AKTİVİZMİ VE LAİKLİK .....................29
3.1. Laikliğin Kavramsal Çerçevesi ........................................................................29
3.2. Genel Hatlarıyla Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin Yargısal Aktivizmi .................43
4. YARGISAL AKTİVİZM VE LAİKLİK: KARAR İNCELEMELERİ .......................................53
4.1. Katı Laiklik Anlayışı Çerçevesinde Verilen Kararlar.........................................53
4.1.1. Yükseköğretimde Başörtüsü Yasağı İle İlgili Kararlar ...............................53
4.1.1.1. 7.3.1989 Tarihli Karar ......................................................................54
4.1.1.2. 09.04.1991 Tarihli Karar...................................................................61
4.1.1.3. 05.06.2008 Tarihli Karar...................................................................64
4.1.2. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı İle İlgili Karar.....................................................69
4.1.3. Parti Kapatmaları ...................................................................................72
4.1.3.1. Milli Nizam Partisi Kararı ..................................................................72
4.1.3.2. Huzur Partisi Kararı ..........................................................................73
4.1.3.3. Özgürlük ve Demokrasi Partisi Kararı ...............................................74
4.1.3.4. Refah Partisi Kararı ..........................................................................76
4.1.3.5. Fazilet Partisi Kararı .........................................................................80
4.1.3.6. Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi Kararı .....................................................83
4.2. Mahkemenin Değişen Laiklik Anlayışı ve Kararlarına Etkileri .........................85
4.2.1. 20.9.2012 Tarihli Karar (4+4+4 Kararı) ....................................................86
4.2.2. Bireysel Başvurular .................................................................................89
4.2.2.1. Tuğba Arslan Kararı..........................................................................89
4.2.2.2. Esra Nur Özbey Kararı ......................................................................93
4.2.2.3. D.Ö. Kararı .......................................................................................97
5. SONUÇ .............................................................................................................. 100
Referanslar ........................................................................................................... 10