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Using machine learning tools for forecasting natural gas consumption in the province of Istanbul
No full textCommensurate with unprecedented increases in energy demand, a well-constructed forecasting model is vital to managing energy policies effectively by providing energy diversity and energy requirements that adapt to the dynamic structure of the country. In this study, we employ three alternative popular machine learning tools for rigorous projection of natural gas consumption in the province of Istanbul, Turkey's largest natural gas-consuming mega-city. These tools include multiple linear regression (MLR), an artificial neural network approach (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR). The results indicate that the SVR is much superior to ANN technique, providing more reliable and accurate results in terms of lower prediction errors for time series forecasting of natural gas consumption. This study could well serve a useful benchmarking study for many emerging countries due to the data structure, consumption frequency, and consumption behavior of consumers in various time-periods
Fabrication of ultraviolet photodetector with aluminum nitride nanowire networks via direct transfer method
No full textThis paper presents the fabrication of an ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on Aluminum nitride nanowire (AlNNW) networks on a flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate. The device was fabricated via a direct transfer method through a very low-cost non-lithographic fabrication scheme. The device has demonstrated very fast photoresponse rise and decay times of 0.27 s and 0.41 s to UV light illumination at 15 V, respectively. Moreover, the device exhibited a good photocurrent response at 2 V bias enabling very high sensitivity and capability of the AlNNW device operating at low voltages. Furthermore, the facile fabrication scheme is very cost-effective, readily scalable; and offers broad integration capabilities, with further optimization, in various flexible electronic and photonic applications
Transfer learning effects on image steganalysis with pre-trained deep residual neural network model
No full textSteganalysis researches for the techniques used to reveal the embedded messages that is hidden in a digital medium -in most cases in images. The research and development activities in Image Steganalysis has gained more traction in recent years. Although machine learning techniques have been used for many years Deep Learning is a new paradigm for the Image Steganalysis domain. The success of the deep learning process is based on the training of the model for a sufficient amount of and with a high quality, diverse and large-scale data set. When the training process lacks dataset in terms of quality, variety and quantity, Transfer Learning emerges as an effective solution from Deep Learning methods. In Transfer Learning, an untrained model benefits from a previously trained model and its dataset. Base function is defined to transfer the parameters from the trained model to the untrained model. Hence, it would increase the success of deep learning model on Image Steganalysis. In this work, we compare the results of two series of models that are trained both with and without Transfer Learning method. The optimization method of the model training process is selected as experimental AdamW optimization method. Comparison of training, testing, evaluating and F1 scoring are based on the models trained with different steganography payload values which starts from easy to hard to detect. We investigated for the best possible ways of increasing the success rate and decreasing the error rate on detecting stego images and cover images separately with this study. Results showed that transfer learning applied model is more successful on detecting stego images on every different rated payload dataset compared to the normal trained model
Effectiveness of group problem management plus (pm plus ) in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety among syrian refugees in Turkey: Results of a pilot study
No full textUlusaşırı dini mobilizasyon:İstanbul'daki Özbek göçmenler örneği
No full textThis thesis aims to examine the social significance of Uzbek madrasah in Istanbul in the
context of immigration and community experience of the Muslim Uzbeks. The data of
the study was collected from fieldwork. Adopting the purposive sampling method, semi
structured interviews are done with seven prominent figures of Uzbek diaspora in
Istanbul. Almost all of them are religious leaders from the immigrant Uzbek community
in Başakşehir. In the analysis, following qualitative research methods are employed:
Narrative analysis, textual analysis, and coding. Transnationalism and diaspora concepts
are also alternatively applied to support and reflect the emergent results and theoretical
model produced through grounded theory approach in the study. “Formation of society
around madrasah” has appeared as the central phenomenon. Consequences of different
interaction strategies of the Uzbek group lead to improved globalization of religious life
which is also an intervening condition for these strategies. This study aims to make a
contribution to the literature of immigration, religion and relevant studies in Turkey.Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iv
Öz ....................................................................................................................................... v
Dedication ......................................................................................................................... vi
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... vii
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ viii
List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... x
CHAPTERS
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Topic & Rationale of Thesis ..................................................................................... 2
1.2. Literature Review .................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1. Immigration and Religion ................................................................................. 6
1.2.2. Forced Migration .............................................................................................. 8
1.2.3. Religious Institution and Migration .................................................................. 9
1.2.4. Transnationalism and Diaspora ...................................................................... 11
1.2.5. Religion and Religious Activities in the Soviet Union ..................................... 17
1.2.6. Migrations to Turkey ...................................................................................... 18
1.2.7. Madrasahs in Turkey ....................................................................................... 19
1.2.8. Uzbeks in Turkey ............................................................................................. 22
1.3. Outline of the Study .............................................................................................. 24
2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 26
2.1. Research Questions ............................................................................................... 27
2.2. The Fieldwork ........................................................................................................ 28
2.3. Analysis .................................................................................................................. 35
3. Findings ........................................................................................................................ 42
3.1. A Brief History of the Immigrant Uzbek Community ............................................ 42
3.1.1. Exodus from the Homeland ............................................................................ 44
3.1.2 Transient Host Societies .................................................................................. 56
3.2. Adaptation of Muslim Uzbeks in Istanbul ............................................................. 62
3.2.1. Creation of Transnational Religious Organization .......................................... 67
3.2.2. Identity and Belonging .................................................................................... 74
3.3. Institutional Forms and Religious Activities .......................................................... 79
3.3.1. Maintaining the Continuity of the Islamic Faith in Diaspora .......................... 85
3.3.2. Globalization of Religious Life ......................................................................... 97
4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 108
4.1. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research ............................................. 115
References ...................................................................................................................... 11
Göçmenlerin siyasi temsil problemleri:Belçikalı Türkler örneği
No full textThere is a political representation problem of Turkish-origin immigrants in Belgium because, according to interviews conducted for this research, the interests of Turkish people are not represented by elected Turkish politicians. This thesis aims to understand the reasons lying behind the representation problem of Turkish immigrants. First, the ratio of Turkish politicians to all politicians in the assemblies was examined from municipal councils to federal government. When this ratio was compared with the ratio of Turkish population to the general population, it was revealed that there was descriptive representation. Thus, the representation problem was not about the lack of descriptive representation, but it was about the lack of substantive representation of their interests. In other words, Turkish people are represented in assemblies proportional to their population size, however, their interests are not substantially represented. The interviews conducted with Turkish politicians and the elites of Turkish people in Belgium revealed that there can be four different reasons for the representation problem of Belgian Turks. First, Turkish people do not have demands regarding their community issues, rather they have demands about their daily problems and personal interests. Second, Turkish politicians have interests, priorities and self-perceptions different from Turkish community in Belgium. Third, party politics and institutional structure in Belgium are limiting factors for Turkish politicians. Fourth, home state effect shapes the political participation patterns of Turkish people and it determines the political activities of Turkish politicians. In this respect, this thesis contributes to the literature on political representation of migrants in Belgium which is an almost under-researched area.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv Öz. ............................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... viii List Of Maps................................................................................................................. xi List Of Figures ............................................................................................................. xii List Of Tables .............................................................................................................. xiii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. The Aim of the Study ......................................................................................... 3 1.2. Methods and Data ............................................................................................. 5 1.3. The Argument of the Thesis ............................................................................ 10 1.4. An Overview of the Chapters .......................................................................... 11 2. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 12 2.1. Defining Political Participation ........................................................................ 12 2.2. Defining Political Representation ................................................................... 17 2.3. Immigrant Political Participation ............................................................... 19 2.4. The Factors Affecting Political Participation and Representation of Immigrant Groups .................................................................................................. 21 2.5. The Factors Affecting Political Behaviors of Immigrant Politicians ........... 25 2.6. Studies on Immigrant Political Participation in Europe ............................. 28 2.7. Studies on Immigrant Political Participation in Belgium ............................ 37 3. Political Representation Of Turkish People In Belgium In Terms Of Descriptive Representation ........................................................................................................... 42 3.1. Belgium Federation; Its Components and Demographics .............................. 43 3.2. Belgium’s Structure of Political Participation for İmmigrant People .............. 48 3.3. Measuring Political Participation of Turkish Migrants in Belgium .................. 50 3.4. Is There a Descriptive Representation of Turkish Community in Belgium? ... 51 4. Political Representation Of Turkish People In Terms Of Substantive Representation ........................................................................................................... 61 4.1. What Does the Turkish Electorate Say? What Does Turkish Politician Hear? 62 4.2. Who Elects the Turkish Politician? For Whom Does the Politician Serve? ..... 74 4.3. The Effect of Party Politics and the Institutional Context ............................... 82
4.3.1. Party Politics ............................................................................................. 83 4.3.2. Institutional Limitations ........................................................................... 88 4.4.The Home State Effect ..................................................................................... 91 5. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 97 5.1. Findings ........................................................................................................... 97 5.2. Recommendations for Future Studies ............................................................ 99 Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 103 Appendices ............................................................................................................... 110 A.Interview Questions for the Elites of Turkish Community in Belgium ........... 110 B. Interview Questions for Turkish Politicians in Belgium .................................. 111 C. The Approval of the Ethics Committee .......................................................... 11
Muhafazakar hayat tarzındaki değişimler:kadın instagrammerlar örneği
No full textOrdinary internet users, benefiting from the content creation ability provided to all
individuals by the social media channels, has been experiencing a change from consumer
usership to producer usership for the last twenty years. Instagram, a visual-based social
media channel that allows users to present lifestyle representations, upgrades the place
of the producer users to one level higher and offers them the opportunity to become
influencers. This thesis investigates the relationship between one of the social groups
that has gained fame and followers with the lifestyle representations on Instagram, the
young women conservative influencers, and the Instagram culture. In this thesis, the
method of digital ethnography is used. Ten influencer accounts, five conservatives and
five non-conservatives, that share lifestyle-themed posts is observed for a year as an
online participant and their one-month long posts are analyzed in-depth. The goal of this
study is to see whether Instagram culture and the experience of being an influencer have
similar effects on different social groups and to detect the point the understanding of
conservative lifestyle reached in this new culture. As a result, it is observed that the
understanding of conservative lifestyles adapted to the Instagram culture and the
conservative women influencers that are examined in this study adopted new lifestyle
understandings suitable for this culture.Abstract iv
Öz v
Dedication vi
Acknowledgements vii
Table of Contents viii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
CHAPTERS
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Outline of Thesis 4
2. The Emergence of Social Media and Social Media Culture 6
2.1. Web 2.0 Technologies and the Emergence of Social Media 7
2.2. Social Networking Sites in the World and in Turkey 9
2.3. From Consumership to Producership: User Experience Transformed by Social
Media 19
2.4. From Producership to Influencership: Place of Instagram in the New Social
Media Culture 27
3. The Effect of Instagram Culture on the Change of the Understanding of the
Lifestyle 35
3.1. The Concept of Lifestyle and Sharing the Lifestyles via Instagram 36
3.2. Main Characteristics of the New “Lifestyle Instagrammers/Influencers” of
Instagram 41
3.3. Understanding “the Islamic / Conservative Lifestyle” and Its Historical
Transformation in Turkey 48
3.4. Conservative Instagrammers and Their Lifestyle Posts in Instagram Culture 57
4. A Study on the Change in the Understanding of Conservative Lifestyle Due to
Instagram Culture 66
4.1. Research Methodology: Digital Ethnography 66
4.1.1 Subject of the Research 69
4.1.2 Purpose and Importance of the Research 69
4.1.3 Scope and Limitations of the Research 70
4.2. Research and Findings 72
4.2.1 Conservative and Non-Conservative Women Instagrammers’ Profiles 72
4.2.2 Conservative and Non-Conservative Women Instagrammers’ Lifestyle
Posts 78
4.2.2.1 Visual Content Categories 80
4.2.2.1.1 Presentation of the Self 81
4.2.2.1.2 Presentation of the Body 84
4.2.2.1.3 Presentation of the Lifestyle 87
4.2.2.2 Written & Verbal Content Categories 90
4.2.2.2.1 Everything about Beauty and Fashion: Makeup and Clothing
Posts 90
4.2.2.2.2 All About the Private Life: Relationships, Spouses and
Children 93
4.2.2.2.3 And Now the Commercials 96
4.2.2.3 Message Categories 102
4.2.2.3.1 Messages that Promote Consumption 102
4.2.2.3.2 Social and Political Messages 104
4.2.3 Similarities and Differences between Conservative and Non
Conservative Women Instagrammers’ Lifestyle Representations / Posts 110
5. Conclusion 115
References 12
Views of Ahmed Cevdet Pasha on the state, law and constitution
No full textAhmed Cevdet Pasha, one of the most significant figures in the Ottoman Empire at
the Tanzimat Reform Era, had an important role in terms of clearing the dilemmas
arising in this era about state, society and law. Thanks to his education in fiqh and his
political experience, he had managed to protect the Ottoman intellectual background
as well as to implement the novelties which were required by that era. The ottoman
code of civil law “Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye” prepared under his leadership which was
the first codification in fiqh in Ottoman Empire is the most important example in this
regard. Cevdet Pasha regarded Mecelle as the basic law of the state. So, he opposed
Kānûn-ı Esâsî which was prepared under the influence of Western constitutions to be
the basic law of the state. After ‘Introduction’ section which is the first chapter of this
dissertation, in the second chapter addressing the subject above, Ahmed Cevdet
Pasha’s life, education and his positions in civil service were mentioned, in order to
understand his intellectual background. In the third chapter of the study, Cevdet
Pasha’s view on concepts of state and law was examined and also similarities and
differences between his opinions on law and Von Savigny’s historical point of view
based on common law were indicated. In the fourth chapter of the study; Ahmed
Cevdet Pasha’s opinions on the concept of constitution were discussed; at this point,
his preference of an uncodified constitution evolving in time based on common law
as in Britain over the act of constitutionalization after the French Revolution.
Additionally, the relevant opinions of the Young-Ottomans who introduced the
concept of a written constitution into the Ottoman Empire were explained briefly and
compared to Cevdet Pasha’s view of constitution taking the concept of monarchy into
consideration.Öz ................................................................................................................................ iv
Abstract ....................................................................................................................... vi
Önsöz .......................................................................................................................... viii
İçindekiler....................................................................................................................ix
Kısaltmalar Listesi ........................................................................................................ xii
BÖLÜMLER
1. Giriş .......................................................................................................................... 1
2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Hayatı, Eğitimi ve Devlet Hizmetindeki Görevleri ............. 5
2.1. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Hayatı ve Eğitimi ......................................................... 5
2.1.2. Lofça Dönemi .............................................................................................. 5
2.1.2. İstanbul Dönemi .......................................................................................... 7
2.1.3. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Tahsil ve Tedrisatında Hukukun Yeri ................... 9
2.2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Devlet Hizmetindeki Görevleri ve Katkıları .............. 11
2.2.1. Müderrislik Hayatı ve Sadrazam Mustafa Reşid Paşa ile Tanışması ......... 12
2.2.2. Bulunduğu İdari Görevler.......................................................................... 15
2.2.3. Devlet Tarafından Görevlendirilmesi Üzerine Kaleme Aldığı Bazı Eserleri16
2.2.4. Hukuk Alanındaki Faaliyetleri ................................................................... 19
3. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Devlete ve Hukuka Dair Görüşleri ................................... 25
3.1. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Devlete Dair Görüşleri .............................................. 25
3.1.1. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Devletin Oluşması ve Aşamalarına Dair Görüşleri
............................................................................................................................ 25
3.1.1.1. Medeniyet ve Asabiyet ...................................................................... 26
3.1.1.1.1. Medeniyet ................................................................................... 26
3.1.1.1.2. Asabiyet ....................................................................................... 28
3.1.1.2. Devletin Aşamaları ............................................................................. 29
3.1.2. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Tanzimat Dönemindeki Genel Durumu ve Ahmed
Cevdet Paşa’nın Bir Devlet Adamı Olarak Devlet Yönetimine Dair Görüşleri..... 30
3.2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve Hukuk ......................................................................... 34
3.2.1. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Klasik Dönemdeki Hukuki Yapısı............................... 36
3.2.1.1. Şer’i Hukuk ......................................................................................... 36
3.2.1.2. Örfi Hukuk .......................................................................................... 37
3.2.2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Hukuka ve Hukukun Devletle İlişkisine Dair
Görüşleri ............................................................................................................. 40
3.2.3. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye .................................... 46
3.2.4. Hukukta Tarihsel Bakış Açısı Bağlamında Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve Von
Savigny’nin Görüşlerinin Karşılaştırılması ........................................................... 50
4. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Anayasa Görüşü ve Yeni Osmanlılar İle Karşılaştırılması 57
4.1. İslam ve Osmanlı Hukukunda Anayasa ............................................................ 57
4.1.1. Genel Olarak Anayasalar ve İslam Hukukunda Anayasa........................... 57
4.1.2. Klasik Dönem Osmanlı Hukukunda Anayasa Anlayışı ve On Dokuzuncu
Yüzyıl Sonrası Osmanlı’da Anayasal Gelişmeler.................................................. 61
4.1.2.1. Klasik Dönem Osmanlı Hukukunda Anayasa Anlayışı ........................ 61
4.1.2.2. On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl Sonrası Osmanlı-Türk Anayasal Gelişmeleri .... 61
4.1.2.2.1. Tanzimat Fermanı ........................................................................ 62
4.1.2.2.2. Islahat Fermanı ............................................................................ 64
4.1.2.2.3. Kānûn-ı Esâsî ................................................................................ 65
4.2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve Anayasa ...................................................................... 69
4.2.1. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Batılı Anayasa Kavramına ve Kānûn-ı Esâsî’ye
Bakışı ................................................................................................................... 69
4.2.2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Görüşleri Işığında Fransız ve İngiliz Anayasacılığı
............................................................................................................................ 71
4.2.2.1. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Fransız İhtilali’ne Bakışı ............................... 72
4.2.2.1.1. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Anlatımıyla Fransız İhtilali .................... 73
4.2.2.1.2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Fransız İhtilali’ne Bakışı Çerçevesinde
İhtilallere Dair Görüşü ................................................................................. 76
4.2.2.2. İngiliz Anayasallaşması ve Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Görüşleri ........... 78
4.2.2.2.1. İngiliz Hukuki Yapısında Parlamentonun Yeri ve Yazılı Olmayan
Anayasa Geleneği ........................................................................................ 79
4.2.2.2.2. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Görüşleri ve İngiliz Anayasal Sistemi .... 82
4.3. Yeni Osmanlılar ve Kānûn-ı Esâsî ..................................................................... 84
4.3.1. Yeni Osmanlılar Cemiyetinin Kurulması ve Dağılması .............................. 85
4.3.2. Yeni Osmanlıların Fikri Alt Yapısı ve Anayasa Anlayışı .............................. 87
4.4. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve Yeni Osmanlıların Anayasaya Dair Görüşlerinin
Karşılaştırılması ....................................................................................................... 96
5. Sonuç ...................................................................................................................... 99
Kaynakça .................................................................................................................. 10
Savaş ve iltica:travmatik olaylara maruz kalmış geçici koruma statüsündeki Suriyeli kadınlara yönelik inceleme ve psikolojik müdahale
Get PDFAims of this study are examining the traumatic experiences of Syrian women under temporary protection in Turkey, the relationship between these experiences and women’s symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and degree of post-migration living difficulties in the first stage of the study; and evaluating feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CA-CBT) through a randomized controlled trial in the second stage. Sample of the descriptive study that took place in the first stage consisted of 89 Syrian women, while the sample of randomized controlled trial that took place in the second stage consisted of 23 Syrian women. Demographical information Form, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (Part I and IV), Hopkins Symptom Checklist -25 and Post Migration Living Difficulties Checklist were used in data collection process. Descriptive analysis showed that 89 women who participated in the screening have been exposed to the common traumatic experiences and post-migration living difficulties that take place in the literature and have anxiety and depression symptoms at a clinical level. Correlation analysis demonstrated the statistically significant relationships between lifelong traumatic experiences and anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, degree of post-migration living difficulties and; between post-migration living difficulties and anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms. In order to assess the feasibility and acceptability of CA-CBT, drop-out rates and presence of adverse events were examined and the results indicated that CA-CBT is a feasible and acceptable psychotherapy approach for Syrian women who are under the temporary protection of Turkey. Linear mixed model analysis that was conducted to test the efficiency level of CA-CBT demonstrated that CA-CBT has a statistically significant and positive effect on participants’ PTSD symptoms. Obtained results were discussed in accordance with literature and suggestions for the future studies and clinical applications were mentioned.Öz .............................................................................................................................. iv Abstract ..................................................................................................................... vi Teşekkür .................................................................................................................... viii İçindekiler ................................................................................................................... x Tablolar Listesi ............................................................................................................ xiii Şekiller Listesi ............................................................................................................ xiv BÖLÜMLER 1. Giriş .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Psikolojik Travma .............................................................................................. 2 1.1.1. Psikolojik Travma Tanımı............................................................................ 2 1.1.2. Psikolojik Travmanın Etkileri ...................................................................... 3 1.1.3. Travmayla Baş Etme ................................................................................... 6 1.1.4. Travma ve İyileşme..................................................................................... 7 1.2. Göç, İltica ve Travma ......................................................................................... 8 1.2.1. Göç ve iltica ................................................................................................ 8 1.2.2. İlticanın Travmatik Etkisi ve Mültecilerin Ruh Sağlığı ................................ 9 1.2.3. Kadın Mültecilerin Yaşadıkları Sorunlar ve Ruh Sağlığı ............................ 11 1.2.4. Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler ............................................................... 12 1.2.5. Suriyeli Mültecilerin Ruh Sağlığı ............................................................... 14 1.2.6. İltica Sonrası Yaşam Zorlukları ................................................................. 19 1.3. Psikolojik Travma Sonrası Ortaya Çıkan Rahatsızlıkların Tedavisi ve Kültüre Uyarlanmış Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi (KU-BDT) ..................................................... 21 1.3.1. Psikolojik Travma İle Çalışırken Sıklıkla Kullanılan Tedavi Yöntemleri ..... 21 1.3.2. Grup Terapiler .......................................................................................... 24 1.3.3. Kültüre Uyarlanmış Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi, KU-BDT (Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CA-CBT) ............................................................. 25 1.4. Araştırmanın Amacı ve Soruları ....................................................................... 33 1.4.1. Araştırma Soruları/Hipotezleri ................................................................. 35 2. Yöntem ................................................................................................................... 36 2.1. Katılımcılar ....................................................................................................... 36
2.1.1. Tüm Katılımcılar ....................................................................................... 36 2.1.2. Seçkisiz Kontrollü Çalışma Katılımcıları .................................................... 39 2.2. Veri Toplama Araçları ...................................................................................... 41 2.2.1. Demografik Bilgi Formu............................................................................ 41 2.2.2. Hopkins Belirti Tarama Listesi – 25 (Hopkins Symptom Checklist, HSCL25) ...................................................................................................................... 42 2.2.3. Harvard Travma Anketi (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, HTQ) ............. 43 2.2.4. İltica Sonrası Yaşam Zorlukları Ölçeği (Post Migration Living Difficulties Checklist, PMLD) ................................................................................................ 43 2.3. Araştırma Deseni ............................................................................................. 44 2.3.1. Seçkisiz Kontrollü Çalışma ........................................................................ 44 2.4. KU-BDT’nin Kültürel Uyarlama Süreci …………………...………………………………….. 45 2.5. İşlem ................................................................................................................ 47 2.5. Verilerin Analizi ............................................................................................... 50 3. Bulgular .................................................................................................................. 51 3.1. Maruz Kalınan Travmatik Olaylar, İltica Sonrası Travmatik Deneyimler, Deneyimlenen Depresyon, Anksiyete, Psikolojik Travma Belirtilerine Dair Betimleyici Bilgiler ve İlintili Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişkilere Dair Bulgular ......... 51 3.1.1. Türkiye’deki Geçici Koruma Statüsündeki Suriyeli Kadınların Maruz Kaldıkları Travmatik Deneyimler ve Depresyon, Anksiyete, Travma Belirtilerine Dair Betimleyici Bilgiler ...................................................................................... 52 3.1.2. Maruz Kalınan Travmatik Olayların Sayısı ve Çeşidi ile Deneyimlenen Depresyon, Anksiyete, Psikolojik Travma Belirtilerinin ve İltica Sonrası Travmatik Deneyimlerin Şiddeti Arasındaki İlişkilere Dair Bulgular ................... 53 3.2. Kültüre Uyarlanmış Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi’nin (KU-BDT) Uygulanabilirlik ve Kabul Edilebilirlik Düzeyine Dair Bulgular .............................................................. 55 3.3. Kültüre Uyarlanmış Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi’nin Katılımcıların Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Travma Belirtilerinin Şiddeti Üzerindeki Etkilerine Dair Bulgular ... 56 4. Tartışma .................................................................................................................. 58 4.1. Maruz Kalınan Travmatik Olaylar, İltica Sonrası Travmatik Deneyimler, Deneyimlenen Depresyon, Anksiyete, Psikolojik Travma Belirtilerine Dair Betimleyici Bilgilerin ve İlintili Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişkilere Dair Bulguların Değerlendirilmesi ................................................................................................... 58 4.1.1. Katılımcıların Hayat Boyu Maruz Kaldıkları Travmatik Olayların ve Travmatik Olayların Psikolojik Rahatsızlık Belirtileriyle İlişkisine Dair Bulguların Alanyazın Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi ........................................................ 59 4.1.2. Katılımcıların İltica Sonrasında Maruz Kaldıkları Travmatik Olaylar ve İltica Sonrası Yaşam Zorluklarının Psikolojik Rahatsızlık Belirtileriyle İlişkisine Dair Bulguların Alanyazın Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi ....................................... 62 4.2. Kültüre Uyarlanmış Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi’nin (KU-BDT) Uygulanabilirlik ve Kabul Edilebilirlik Düzeyine Dair Bulguların Değerlendirilmesi .............................. 65 4.3. Kültüre Uyarlanmış Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi’nin Katılımcıların Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Travma Belirtilerinin Şiddeti Üzerindeki Etkilerine Dair Bulguların Değerlendirilmesi ................................................................................................... 67 4.4. Genel Değerlendirme, Klinik Doğurgular ve Yeni Çalışmalar İçin Öneriler ..... 69 4.5. Çalışmanın Sınırlılıkları .................................................................................... 71 Kaynakça .................................................................................................................... 73 Ekler ........................................................................................................................... 91 A. Etik Kurul Onayı ................................................................................................. 91 B. Göç İdaresi Araştırma Onayı ............................................................................. 92 C. Bilgilendirilmiş Onam Formu (Tarama Çalışması) ............................................. 95 D. Bilgilendirilmiş Onam Formu (Seçkisiz Kontrollü Çalışma) ............................. 100 E. Demografik Bilgi Formu – Türkçe .................................................................... 105 F. Demografik Bilgi Formu – Arapça .................................................................... 108 G. Hopkins Belirti Tarama Listesi – 25 (HSCL-25) ................................................. 110 H. Harvard Travma Anketi (HTQ) – Birinci Bölüm ................................................ 112 İ. Harvard Travma Anketi (HTQ) – Dördüncü Bölüm ............................................ 115 J. İltica Sonrası Yaşam Zorlukları Ölçeği (PMLD) ................................................. 118 K. Zihinsel Kapasite Değerlendirme Formu – Türkçe ........................................... 120 L. Zihinsel Kapasite Değerlendirme Formu - Arapça ........................................... 12
