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Secure hardware cryptocurrency wallet within common criteria framework
Full text linkBitcoin paper, published under a pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, opened a new era; cryptocurrencies, blockchain and distributed ledger technologies that are aiming distributed trust model. Even if there has been an ongoing extensive discussion both on the origin and the future about these developing technologies, number of products, studies and projects are increasing day by day. Among these the most crucial one is crypto wallets since the distributed trust and privacy preserving solutions are all relies on the underlying cryptographic primitives and the corresponding cryptographic keys. Almost all the cryptocurrencies require their users individually manage their own cryptographic keys or recommend use of cryptocurrency wallets. A cryptocurrency wallet or shortly, crypto wallet, has to generate and store one or more public-private keys and corresponding addresses. These keys authenticate corresponding transactions, hence any adversary who gains access to a wallet may seize all the assets secured with them. Therefore, cryptocurrency wallet solutions and products should be carefully analyzed and better to be certified if possible from the very beginning.
In this thesis, we mainly focus on to what extend and how a cryptocurrency wallet’s security analysis should be pursued. In order to formally portray the analysis framework, we propose to follow the Common Criteria (CC) Evaluation framework. CC evaluation framework is a formal evaluation methodology. For this purpose, assumptions, risks, threatsandsecurityvulnerabilitiesofthewalletswillbedefined. Also,objectivesshowing howthesethreatswillbecounteredinsidethewalletandwhatkindofmeasuresshouldbe taken by the environment and users will be detailed. In order to understand the security requirements, blockchain technology and Bitcoin which is the leading cryptocurrency will be explained and cryptocurrency wallets will be classified. In addition, we are going to propose a secure hardware wallet design in terms of physical and logical requirements. Then, we will compare the proposed wallet with other hardware wallets on the market. WebelievethatthisthesismaybebasicresourceforcreatingstandardizedCCdocuments such as Protection Profile(PP), Security Target(ST) etc. Furthermore, this study would be a brief source for cryptocurrency wallets’ design, test and analysis phases.Declaration of Authorship i
Abstract ii
Öz iii
Acknowledgments iv
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii Abbreviations ix
1 Introduction 1 1.1 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Blockchain and Wallets 8 2.1 Types of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.1 Permissionless Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.2 Permissioned Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2 Principles of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Structure of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4 Cryptocurrency Wallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4.1 Types of Wallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4.2 Security of Wallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.4.3 Cryptocurrency Wallet Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4.4 Cryptocurrency Wallet Working Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3 Common Criteria 20 3.1 Common Criteria Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.1.1 Evaluation Assurance Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.1.2 Protection Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.1.3 Security Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.4 Security Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.5 Security Assurance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.2 Security Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.1 Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.2.2 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.2.3 Organizational Security Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.3 Security Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.3.1 Security Objectives for TOE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.3.2 Security Objectives for Operational Environment . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.4 Security Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.4.1.1 Security Audit Class (FAU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.4.1.2 Communication Class (FCO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.4.1.3 Cryptographic Support Class (FCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.4.1.4 User Data Protection Class (FDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.4.1.5 Identification and Authentication Class (FIA) . . . . . . . 42 3.4.1.6 Security Management Class (FMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.4.1.7 Privacy Class (FPR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.4.1.8 Protection of the TSF Class (FPT) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.4.1.9 Resource Utilization Class (FRU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.4.1.10 TOE Access Class (FTA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.4.1.11 Trusted Path/Channels Class (FTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.4.1.12 Extended Security Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . 48
4 Hardware Wallet Design within CC Framework 55 4.1 Secure Hardware Wallet Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.1.1 Physical Scope of Wallet Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.1.2 Logical Scope of Wallet Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5 Comparative Security Analysis of Cryptocurrency Wallets 63 5.1 Attacks and Prevention Methods in terms of Common Criteria . . . . . . 63 5.1.1 Malware Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.1.2 Unauthorized Access to the Hot Wallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.1.3 DDoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.1.4 Phishing Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.1.5 Man In The Middle Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 5.1.6 Hardware Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.2 Comparative Analysis of Hardware Wallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.2.1 Trezor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.2.2 Ledger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.2.3 Keepkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.2.4 Bitbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5.2.5 BC Vault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.2.6 Coolwallet S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.3 Analysis and Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6 Conclusion 85
Bibliography 8
The relationship between early maladaptive schemans and proscranation:an investigation in the context of schema theraphy model
No full textIn the study, the relationship between Behavioral Procrastination and
Early Maladaptive Schemas was examined. The role of Perceived Parenting Styles in
the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Behavioral Procrastination
was evaluated. The sample of the study consisted of 382 participants aged 25-60
years. In the data collection stage, The Young Parenting Inventory (YPI), The Young
Schema Questionnaire – 3 Short Form (YSQ-S 3) and the General Procrastination Scale
(GPS) were used. The correlation between Procrastination and
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Perceived Parenting Styles was observed. According
to the results of the analysis, significant relationships were determined between
schemes and Behavioral Procrastination. Besides, it was observed that more than a
schema domain was associated with Procrastination as an Avoidance Behavior.
Parental attitudes have an intermediary role between Procrastination and schemas.
The consistency of the data obtained from the study with the literature was discussed
and it was found to be consistent with the literature. Evaluations have been carried
out/executed on how to use the data in clinical applications.Öz ................................................................................................................................. iv
Abstract ........................................................................................................................ v
Teşekkür/Önsöz ........................................................................................................... vi
İçindekiler ................................................................................................................... vii
Tablolar Listesi .............................................................................................................. x
BÖLÜMLER
1. GİRİŞ ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Şema Terapi Modeli .......................................................................................... 1
1.1.1. Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemalar ve Şema Alanları .................................. 2 1.1.1.1. Kopukluk ve Reddedilmişlik Alanı……..…………………….……………..…..4
1.1.1.2. Zedelenmiş Otonomi ve Kendini Ortaya Koyma Alanı…………………4
1.1.1.3. Zedelenmiş Sınırlar Alanı………………………………………………………...…5
1.1.1.4. Diğeri Yönelimlilik Alanı………………………………….……………..…………..5 1.1.1.5. Aşırı Tetikte Olma ve Bastırılmışlık Alanı…………………………………....5
1.1.2. Uyumsuz Başa Çıkma Yöntemleri………………………………………………………….6
1.1.3. Algılanan Ebeveynlik Biçimleri…………………………………………………..………….7
1.2. Erteleme Davranışı ............................................................................................ 9
1.2.1. Erteleme Davranışı Nedir .......................................................................... 9
1.2.2. Erteleme Davranışının Kuramsal Temelleri ............................................ 10
1.2.3. Erteleme, Dürtüsellik ve Genetik ............................................................ 16
1.2.4. Mükemmelliyetçilik ................................................................................ 17
1.2.5. Erteleme Türleri ...................................................................................... 18 1.2.5.1. Akademik Erteleme………………………………………………………………….18 1.2.5.2. Karar Vermede Erteleme………………………………………………………….19 1.2.6. Erteleme Davranışının Cinsiyetler Arası Farklılığı ................................... 19
1.3. Araştırma Amacı ve Soruları ........................................................................... 20
2. YÖNTEM ................................................................................................................. 21
2.1.Katılımcılar ....................................................................................................... 21
2.2.Veri Toplama araçları ...................................................................................... 23
2.2.1. Demografik Bilgi Formu .......................................................................... 23
2.2.2. Young Şema Ölçeği-Kısa Form 3-YŞÖ-KF3 .............................................. 23
2.2.3. Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği-YEBÖ ............................................................... 24
2.2.4. Genel Erteleme Eğilimi Ölçeği ................................................................ 26
2.3.İşlem ................................................................................................................ 26
2.4.Verilerin Analizi ............................................................................................... 26
3. BULGULAR .............................................................................................................. 28
3.1. Genel Erteleme Ölçeği Puanları ile Sosyodemografik Değişkenler Arasındaki
İlişkilere Dair Bulgular ............................................................................................ 29
3.1.1. Cinsiyet Değişkenine Göre ...................................................................... 29
3.1.2. Eğitim Düzeyine Göre ............................................................................. 29
3.1.3. Medeni Duruma Göre ............................................................................. 29
3.1.4. Algılanan Sosyo-Ekonomik Düzeye Göre ................................................ 30
3.1.5. Ebeveynin Hayatta Olup Olmama Durumuna Göre ............................... 30
3.2. Genel Erteleme Eğilimi Ölçeğinden Alınan Puanlarla Young Şema Ölçeği Alt
Boyutlar Puanları Arasındaki İlişkiyi Belirlemek Üzere Yapılan Pearson Çarpım
Moment Korelasyon Analizi Sonuçları .................................................................. 31
3.3. Young Şema Ölçeği Alt Boyutlar Puanları ile Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği
Ebeveynlik Formları Arasındaki İlişkiyi Belirlemek Üzere Yapılan Pearson Çarpım
Moment Korelasyon Analizi Sonuçları .................................................................. 32
3.4. Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği Puanları ile Young Şema Ölçeği Alt Boyutları
Puanlarının Genel Erteleme Ölçeği Puanlarını Yordama Düzeyine İlişkin Çoklu
Regresyon Analizi Sonuçları................................................................................... 36
4. TARTIŞMA ............................................................................................................... 39
4.1. Erteleme Davranışı ile Sosyodemografik Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişkilere
Yönelik Bulguların Değerlendirilmesi .................................................................... 39
4.2. Algılanan ebeveynlik biçimleri, şema alanları ile erteleme davranışı arasındaki
ilişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi ................................................................................... 42
4.3. Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği Puanları ile Young Şema Ölçeği Alt Boyutları
Puanlarının Genel Erteleme Ölçeği Puanlarını Yordama Düzeyinin
Değerlendirilmesi .................................................................................................. 48
4.4. Genel Değerlendirme ..................................................................................... 50
4.5. Çalışmanın Klinik Doğruları ............................................................................. 51
4.6. Çalışmanın Sınırlılıkları .................................................................................... 51
4.7.Yeni Çalışmalar İçin Öneriler ........................................................................... 52
Referanslar………………………………………………………………………………………………………..53
EKLER
A.GENEL ERTELEME ÖLÇEĞİ ................................................................................ 60
B. YSO-YOUNG ŞEMA ÖLÇEĞİ ............................................................................. 61
C. YOUNG-EBEVEYNLİK ÖLÇEĞİ. .......................................................................... 67
D.BİLGİLENDİRİLMİŞ ONAM FORMU................................................................... 71
E.KİŞİSEL BİLGİ FORMU ....................................................................................... 7
Türkçe içerisindeki Kürt yazarlar:minor bir edebiyat örneği
No full textIn this research, stories and novels of three Kurdish authors namely Seyit Alp, Suzan
Samancı, and Yavuz Ekinci will be examined. These authors write in Turkish but
actually are stuck between Turkish and Kurdish Literature, another main point of this
study. This study aims to discuss these texts employing “minor literature” concept by
French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and French psychoanalyst Fêlix Guattari, who
describe its principles in their book Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature. After giving
brief information about writing periods of these authors, the writing process and
principals of minor literature; deterritorialization of the language, political and
collective enunciation of the language will be discussed.Abstract ................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ............................................................................................................................. v
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. vi
CHAPTERS .................................................................................................................1
1.Introduction ...........................................................................................................1
2.A Pioneering Kurdish Author in Turkish Language: Seyit Alp .................................15
2.1. The Political Developments and Language Policies (1923- 1960)...................15
2.2. From Oral Literary Tradition to Borders of Minor Language ..........................17
2.3. Construction of a Hybrid Language ...............................................................19
2.4. The Political Criticism toward “Colonial Power” and Feudal Structure with the
Help of Collective Voice .......................................................................................21
3. Suzan Samancı: A Female Voice from Minor Language ........................................37
3.1. Shift of the Political and Cultural Atmosphere (1980-2000) ..........................37
3.2. Loss of Language and the Emergence of Silence ...........................................40
3.3. The Political and Collective Stance of Women in Samancı’s Works ...............52
4.The Author in “The Age of Catastrophe”: Yavuz Ekinci .........................................64
4.1. Political Atmosphere After 2000s..................................................................66
4.2. Yavuz Ekinci in the Borders of Minor Literature ............................................68
4.3. Collective and Political Enunciation ..............................................................71
5.Conclusion ...........................................................................................................88
References ..............................................................................................................9
Çocuklarda mekânsal okunabilirlik parametrelerinin bilişsel haritalama yöntemiyle analizi
No full textMekânsal Okunabilirlik (spatial legibility) konusunda araştırmalar incelendiğinde mekân(lar)ın
tanınması, öğrenilmesi, kavranması, basit, tutarlı, anlaşılır ve kolay algılanabilir olmasının
okunabilirlik kavramları arasında yer aldığı görülmektedir. Okunabilirlik, çevrenin mekânsal
özelliklerinin bireylere etkin bir zihinsel imaj oluşturması, hatırlanabilir olması, içinde yol
bulabilme kolaylığını sağlama ve mekânların "bilişsel haritası" nın oluşturulabilmesi
derecesidir. Çevresel psikolojinin araştırma konularından biri olan "okunabilirlik" (legibility);
bireyi kaybolma hissinden uzaklaştırma, kolay ve hızlı hareket edebilme, yön bulabilmeyi
kolaylaştırma ve ayrıca güven verme okunabilir mekânların (spatial legiblity)
özelliklerindendir. Bireyler için okunabilir olmayan, öğrenemedikleri, kavrayamadıkları ve
karmaşık çevrede kendilerini rahat hissetmezler
[Kemal Karpat'a ait fotoğraf]
No full textKemal Karpat Arşivi. Not: Not: Kemal Karpat'ın yanındaki kişinin kim olduğu bilinmemektedir
[Kemal Karpat'a ait fotoğraf]
No full textKemal Karpat Arşivi. Not: Kemal Karpat'ın yanındaki kişinin kim olduğu bilinmemektedir
[Kemal Karpat ve Coşkun Çakır'ın bulunduğu Amerika'da çekilmiş olması muhtemel fotoğraf]
No full textKemal Karpat Arşivi
Book review : energy, complexity and wealth maximization
No full textThe book presents a holistic view via the windows of physics and economics to the future of the human race starting from the formation of the universe going through the evolution of the humankind throughout the ages. The author adroitly explains the role of energy as an enabler of evolution, technology and economic growth with an increasing level of complexity throughout the ages. The availability of natural wealth in forms of coal, oil, and natural gas were transformed into useful work incubating technologies and enabling economic growth. Many of the advances in economic growth occurred because of the creative destructions which enabled evolutionary innovations. However, the Earth is no longer in excess of such natural wealth. The mankind should use the knowledge to extract exergy from what is left in terms of natural wealth, solar energy or some other form of energy in the light of thermodynamics that is also neglected for so long in economics and other fields
[Mahmut Şevket Paşa arşivinden çıkmış olan yakın arkadaşlarına ait fotoğraf]
No full textMahmut Şevket Paşa Arşivi.
Not: İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Doç.Dr. Kahraman Şakul aracılığıyla Mahmut Şevket Paşa ailesi tarafından bağışlanmıştır
[Mahmut Şevket Paşa arşivinden çıkmış olan yakın arkadaşlarına ait fotoğraf]
No full textMahmut Şevket Paşa Arşivi.
Not: İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Doç.Dr. Kahraman Şakul aracılığıyla Mahmut Şevket Paşa ailesi tarafından bağışlanmıştır