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Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab for early-stage node-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer
Full text linkAdjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab has been shown to be an effective regimen with low
risk of cancer recurrence and treatment-related toxicities in early-stage node-negative,
HER2-positive breast cancer. We investigated the cost-effectiveness of this regimen
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Self-Help Plus (SH plus ) for preventing mental disorders in refugees and asylum seekers in Europe and Turkey: Study protocols for two randomised controlled trial.
Full text linkIntroduction This article describes two randomised controlled trials that will evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Self-Help Plus (SH+), a group self-help intervention developed by the WHO to reduce distress. In these trials SH+ is being tested as a preventative intervention to lower the incidence of mental disorders in asylum seekers and refugees with psychological distress resettled in Europe and Turkey.
Methods and analysis Two prospective, multicentre, randomised, rater-blinded, parallel-group studies will follow participants over a period of 12 months. One trial will be conducted in Europe and one in Turkey. In each trial, 600 asylum seekers and refugees screening positive on the General Health Questionnaire (>= 3), but without a formal diagnosis of any mental disorders according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, will be randomly allocated to SH+ or to enhanced treatment-asusual. The primary outcome will be a lower incidence of mental disorders at 6 month follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include the evaluation of psychological symptoms, functioning, well-being, treatment acceptability and indicators of intervention cost-effectiveness.
Ethics and dissemination The two trials received ethical clearance from the local Ethics Committees of the participating sites (seven sites), as well as from the WHO Ethics Committee. All participants will provide informed consent before screening and before study inclusion (a two-step procedure). The results of the trials will be disseminated in agreement with a dissemination plan that includes publication(s) in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant national and international conferences and meetings
A low power receiver front-end design with tunable notch filter for tx leakage and blocker suppression
No full textAn active transmitter self-leakage suppressor for frequency-division duplex transceivers is presented. A wideband active notch filter is implemented at the mixer IF ports to suppress out the transmitter leakage. Since the active notch filter is operating at IF frequencies, its noise, power, and area consumption penalty for the overall transceiver is negligible, and it does not require any complicated amplitude and phase calibration circuitry that is necessary for the cancelers which operate at RF frequencies. Due to the transfer function seen by the active notch-filter, its noise and distortion contribution is shaped and reduced further. The proposed design is implemented in a 65 nm standard CMOS process for an LTE receiver and provides minimum of 5 dB attenuation at duplex distance for E-UTRA band 20. For the same frequency band, it enhances the IIP2 and IIP3 of the receiver with a minimum of 12 and 6 dB, respectively. The active filter consumes only 1.1 mA/channel from a 2.5 V supply and occupies 0.078 mm(2)/channel. Its noise contribution is within the NF measurement error, thus negligible. The design is intended and tested for transmitter self-interference and wideband ACS blockers
Ambassadors, spies, captives, merchants and travelers : Ottoman information networks in the East, 1736-1747
No full textThis thesis sheds light on the Ottoman information networks in the East during the
reign of Nadir Shah in Iran. It emphasizes singular cases of agencies who convey (and
process) information, such as ambassadors, spies, captives, merchants, couriers, and
travelers, but with due effort to depict the clear and implicit connections and links
among them.
The study is limited to the period when Nadir Shah reigned in Iran from 1736 to 1747,
because the intensity of the developments and contacts in this interesting period
provides an opportunity to investigate the sources and agents of information with
due attention to detail. The study emphasizes Ottoman agents but it makes room for
the voices, views and actions of Iranian and other actors as well. The thesis is based
mainly on Ottoman sources but benefits from other sources as well. Its main focus is
on Anatolia, Iraq, the Hedjaz, Iran, and India, and on individuals who were in contact
with the Ottoman central and local officials.
The research combines descriptive and analytical approaches. The descriptive side of
the study aims to show how and when intelligence arrived in Istanbul. In the process,
it introduces new or hitherto neglected Ottoman sources and agents as well. Münif’s
ambassadorial report on Iran and Müteferrika’s Zeyl-i Tarih-i Seyyah are cases in
point. Careful assessment of the available information helps correct some
chronological and geographical mistakes in the current literature and draw attention
to incoherent narratives in the primary sources. At the analytical level, this research points to the tensions and complexities of policy making. It points to friendly or
hostile relations among certain Ottoman agents and how two political factions, led
by Ahmed Paşa and Hacı Beşir Ağa, respectively, influenced the making of the
Ottoman government’s Iran policy in the 1730s and 1740s.CONTENTS:
Abstract ................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ............................................................................................................................ vi
Dedication ............................................................................................................. viii
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. ix
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... xi
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... xiv
List of Diagrams ................................................................................................... xviii
List of Maps ........................................................................................................... xix
List of Figures .......................................................................................................... xx
Abbreviations......................................................................................................... xxi
Notes on Dates and Transliteration ....................................................................... xxv
CHAPTERS
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Significance of Ottoman-Iran Relations during the Reign of Nadir Shah ..................... 4
1.2. Significance of Information Network and Agencies ................................................... 5
1.3. The Framework of the Study ..................................................................................... 6
1.4. An Overview of Ottoman-Iranian Relations in 1736-1747.......................................... 8
2. Review on Sources, Agents and Literature.......................................................... 21
2.1. Locating the Sources ................................................................................................21
2.2. Classifying the Agents ..............................................................................................28
2.2.1. Official Missions and Their Hosts .......................................................................29
2.2.2. Spies and Captives ............................................................................................35
2.2.3. Travelers ...........................................................................................................36
2.2.4. Merchants ........................................................................................................38
2.2.5. Couriers ............................................................................................................38
2.3. A Review of Literature .............................................................................................39
2.3.1. Chronological Mistakes .....................................................................................41
2.3.2. Mistakes in Names and Location .......................................................................48
2.3.3. The Kurdan Treaty of 1746 ................................................................................55
3. Factions of Ahmed Paşa and Hacı Beşir Ağa in Making Ottoman Foreign Policy of
Iran ........................................................................................................................ 62
3.1. The Faction of Ahmed Paşa ......................................................................................67
3.1.1. Ahmed Paşa ......................................................................................................67
3.1.2. Other Members ................................................................................................86
3.2. The Faction of Hacı Beşir Ağa ...................................................................................94
3.2.1. Hacı Beşir Ağa ...................................................................................................94
3.2.2. Other Members ................................................................................................99
4. Official Source of Information: Official Missions ................................................104
4.1. Journeys of the Official Missions ............................................................................113
4.2. Durations of Official Missions ................................................................................128
4.3. Official Correspondence ........................................................................................136 5. Unofficial Sources of Information: Spies, Captives, Merchants, Couriers, and
Travelers ...............................................................................................................151
5.1. Spies ......................................................................................................................154
5.1.1. Karakulak Ali Bey ............................................................................................154
5.1.2. Two Ottoman Spies in Tabriz ...........................................................................156
5.1.3. A Spy from Yerevan.........................................................................................157
5.1.4. Another Ottoman Spy in Tabriz .......................................................................160
5.1.5. Molla Veli .......................................................................................................161
5.1.6. Two Documents about Payment to Ottoman Spies .........................................162
5.1.7. Iranian Spies in the Ottoman Empire ...............................................................163
5.2. Captives.................................................................................................................164
5.2.1. Ottoman Captives in Iran ................................................................................164
5.2.1.1. Feyzullah Bey ..........................................................................................165 5.2.1.2. Ahmed Ağa .............................................................................................166 5.2.1.3. Camuş Hasan Ağa ....................................................................................167 5.2.2. Uzbek Fugitives from Nadir’s Army .................................................................168
5.3. Travelers ...............................................................................................................170
5.3.1. Jean Otter .......................................................................................................171
5.3.2. Tanburi Küçük Arutin Efendi ............................................................................175
5.3.3. Khwaja Abd-ul Karim Kashmiri ........................................................................177
5.4. Couriers .................................................................................................................179
5.5. Nadir Shah’s Indian Campaign as a Case Study .......................................................184
5.5.1. The First News on the Campaign .....................................................................187
5.5.2. A Detailed Report on the Campaign ................................................................191
5.5.3. Müteferrika’s Second Work on Iran: Zeyl-i Tarih-i Seyyah ................................194
6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................200
Bibliography ..........................................................................................................205
Appendices
A. Routes and Distances ........................................................................................242
A.1. Sources and Assumptions ......................................................................................242
A.2. The Return Journeys of Münif Mustafa Efendi and Nazif Mustafa Efendi ...............245
A.3. The Distances in the Sources .................................................................................247
A.4. The Routes ............................................................................................................254
B. A New Ottoman Ambassadorial Report on Iran: Münif Mustafa Efendi’s İran
Sefaretnamesi .......................................................................................................264
B.1. Münif Mustafa Efendi: An Ottoman Poet and Ambassador ....................................264
B.2. The Lists of Münif’s Works in Manuscript Libraries ................................................268
B.3. Münif Mustafa Efendi’s İran Sefaretnamesi ...........................................................273
B.4. Nazif Mustafa Efendi’s Report on Münif’s Mission in 1742 .....................................282
C. Selected Turkish Poems on Nadir Shah..............................................................286
C.1. Poems on Mahmud I .............................................................................................288
C.2. Poems on the Ottoman Elites ................................................................................289
C.3. Poems on the Fifth Madhhab, Baghdad and the Diplomatic Interactions ...............292
C.4. Poems on Nadir Shah and His Death ......................................................................296
D. Selected Paintings of Certain Actors .................................................................30
The distinctive associations of interpersonal problems with personality beliefs within the framework of cognitive theory of personality disorders
No full textThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between interpersonal prob-
lems and dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality disorders, within the
framework of cognitive theory of personality disorders. Based on the proposition
of cognitive theory, diferent dimensions of interpersonal problems which were
assessed through the coordinates of interpersonal circumplex model were expected
to be associated with specifc categories of personality beliefs namely, deprecating,
infated, and ambivalent personality beliefs. Participants were 997 volunteer adults
(304 males and 693 females) from Turkey, between the ages of 18 and 61. They
completed the personality belief questionnaire, basic personality traits inventory, and
inventory of interpersonal problems measures. Considering the well-established rep-
resentations of personality disorders in Big Five space, and correspondence between
fve-factor model of personality and interpersonal circumplex model, the present
study examined the hypothesized associations via a robust analysis where strongly
relevant personality factors were statistically controlled for in each analysis. Results
revealed that diferent dimensions of interpersonal problems distinctively associated
with three personality belief categories; deprecating beliefs were associated with
over-friendly submissiveness, infated beliefs were associated with dominance, and
ambivalent beliefs were associated with hostile/cold dominance. Findings supported
the validity of cognitive formulations (view of self and view of others) of the per-
sonality disorders proposed by the cognitive theory, also highlighted the priority of
interpersonal problems in personality psychopathology
Populism politics of (mis)recognition
No full textContemporary political landscape is dominated by movements structured around
race, gender, sexuality, language, ethnicity and religion that are driven by a common
claim for recognition. Since the mid 1960s, several different groups have struggled
for recognition to draw attention to the neglected importance of their identities. In a
political environment where struggles for recognition are on the stage, the world has
also witnessed the global rise of populism. Today, politics of recognition and populism
share the political stage in a wide range of countries. The rapid rise of populism seems
to be related to its ability to addressing the question of recognition. There are several
concerns that these two forms of politics share in common such as representation
and democratization. Nevertheless, there are also significant inconsistencies
between their understanding of politics. The complex relationship between politics
of recognition and populism brings an important question in its wake: Does populism
represent a valid answer to the question of recognition? On the one hand populism
can be seen as a form of recognition for many reasons: It integrates previously
excluded groups into society, defends redistribution policies to improve social status
of disadvantaged groups, and promises a sense of solidarity. On the other hand, it
excludes the others, obstructs the possibility of mediated institutions, and ossifies
misrecognition. This thesis aims to analyze populism with regard to politics of
recognition while also discussing the validity of its response to the demands of
recognition.CONTENTS:
Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................. v
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ vi
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTERS
1. Politics of Populism: A Democratic Puzzle ............................................................... 7
1.1. Perspectives on Populism ................................................................................. 8
1.1.1. Populism as a Thin-Centered Ideology ..................................................... 8
1.1.2. Populism as a Political Style .................................................................... 11
1.1.3.Populism as a Discursive and Stylistic Repertoire ................................... 13
1.1.4.Populism as a Form of Identity Politics ................................................... 15
1.2. Populism and Democracy ............................................................................... 19
1.2.1.The Democratic Paradox ......................................................................... 19
1.2.2. Populism as a Negative or Positive Force of Democracy ....................... 21
2. Politics of Recognition: A Democratic Need .......................................................... 25
2.1.The Hegelian Background ................................................................................ 25
2.2. Contemporary Theories of Recognition ......................................................... 29
2.2.1. Recognition as a Matter of Identity ........................................................ 29
2.2.1.1. Charles Taylor ................................................................................. 29
2.2.1.2. Axel Honneth .................................................................................. 32
2.2.2. Recognition as a Question of Social Status ............................................ 40
2.2.2.1. Criticism of The Identity Model of Recognition .............................. 40
2.2.2.2. Recognition as a Matter of Social Status ........................................ 42
3. Populism and Recognition I: A Compatibilist Account ........................................... 45
3.1.Common Concerns of Populism and Politics of Recognition .......................... 45
3.1.1. Representation ....................................................................................... 45
3.1.2. Critique of the Establishment ................................................................. 47
3.1.3. Democratization ..................................................................................... 48
3.2. How Does Populism Answer the Recognition Question? .............................. 50
3.2.1. Inclusion of the Excluded Groups ........................................................... 50
3.2.2. Promise of Redistribution ....................................................................... 52
3.2.3. Promise of Solidarity ............................................................................... 55
4. Populism and Recognition II: An Incompatibilist Account ..................................... 58
4.1. Inconsistencies Between Populism and Politics of Recognition .................... 58
4.1.1. Anti-Pluralism ......................................................................................... 58
4.1.2. Polarization ............................................................................................. 60
4.2. How Does Populism Lead to Misrecognition? ............................................... 61
4.2.1. Exclusion of the Other ............................................................................ 61
4.2.2. Direct Representation ............................................................................. 65
4.2.3. Ossifying Misrecognition ........................................................................ 67
Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 73
References .................................................................................................................. 7
Mülteci gençlerin travma tepkileri : hayat ağacı uygulaması ve uygulamanın gençlerin kimlik ve roller alanındaki deneyimlerine etkisi
Full text linkIn this study, how Tree of Life (ToL), a Narrative therapy intervention (Ncube, 2008)
developed for psychosocial support, especially in groups that experienced trauma,
affects refugee youth’s experiences in the domain of identity and roles is examined.
48 peoplefrom Istanbul and Ankara, aged between 15 and 30, were volunteered to
participate in the intervention, 35 of them participated in the first session and 16 of
those 35 completed the intervention by participating all sessions. In this research,
mixed method research design was used by using both qualitative and quantitative
data analysis. Ingroup discussions, drawn trees, and evaluation questions at the end
of the research was analyzed as a qualitative data. To see effects of the intervention
in the domain of identity and roles, before and after the intervention participants
were given a part of ADAPT Indexin the form of Likert-type questionnaire, which is
related with the domain of identity and roles, and this questionnaire was used in
quantitative data analysis part. According to results, there is no statistically
significant difference found in total scores of negative experiences in the domain of
identity and roles after the intervention. But, in item-based analyses, an increase
after the intervention was found in the item of “having difficulties trying to
overcome cultural barriers so that I can have a place in society”. The role of group
differences in negative experiences in the domain of identity and roles, and their
role on how these experiences were affected by the intervention were discussed.
Results of the research opened new areas for future studies as well as it
demonstrated the need for more profound studies concerning refugees.Öz………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… vi
Teşekkür / Önsöz……………………………………………………………………………………………….. viii
İçindekiler………………………………………………………………………….………………………………. ix
BÖLÜMLER
1. Giriş: Mülteciler ve Ruh Sağlığı İlişkisi…………………………………………………………….. 1
1.1. Travma ve Sonrası: Mültecilik Deneyimine Temel Psikolojik Yaklaşım…….. 9
1.2.Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu ve Mültecilik: Travma, Peki ya Sonrası?....11
1.3. Travma Kurbanı Olmanın Ötesinde Mültecilik…………………………………………. 11
1.4. Tanı Kriterlerinin Ötesinde Ruh Sağlığı…………………………………………………..……. 13
1.5. TSSB Tanısına Yönelik Eleştiriler…………………………..……………………………………… 16
1.6. Travma Yaklaşımına Alternatif Yaklaşımlar….………………………………………………. 19
1.6.1. Psikolojik Direnç: Pozitif Psikoloji Bakış Açısı…………………………………… 20
1.6.2. Kültürel Psikoloji: Yerelliğe Vurgu…………………………………………………… 21
1.6.3. Gelişimsel Yaklaşım: Travma Yaşantılarının Psikolojik Etkilerini Gelişimsel Olarak Anlamak…………………………………………………………………………………. 23
1.6.4.Psikososyal Modeller: Güncel Bağlamın Önemi……………………………….. 28
1.7. Araştırmanın Konusu ve Amacı.………………………………………………………………. 32
1.8. Araştırma Sorusu ve Hipotezler………………………………………………………………. 38
2. Araştırmanın Yöntemi……………………………………………………………………………………. 40
2.1. Etik Onay………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
2.2. Katılımcılar……………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
2.3. Ölçme Araçları………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
2.3.1. Demografik Form…………………………………………………………………………….. 40
2.3.2. ADAPT İndeksi…………………………………………………………………………………. 40
2.3.3. Değerlendirme Formu……………………………………………………………………… 41
2.4. Prosedür…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41
2.5. Analiz……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44
3. Sonuçlar…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 46
3.1. Nitel Verilerin Analizi………………………………………………………………………………. 46
3.1.1. Ağaçlar ve Grup İçi Paylaşımları……………………………………………………….. 46
3.1.2. Değerlendirme Formları ve Geri Bildirimler…………………………………….. 52
3.2. Nicel Verilerin Analizi……………………………………………………………………………… 54
3.2.1. Mülteci Gençlerin Kimlik ve Rolleriyle İlgili Değerlendirmeleri……….. 54
3.2.2. Hayat Ağacı Uygulamasının Mülteci Gençlerin Kimlik ve Rolleriyle İlgili Değerlendirmeleri Üzerindeki Etkisi…………………………………………………………………… 56
4. Tartışma ve Öneriler………………………………………………………………………………………. 59
4.1. Özet ve Sonuçların Değerlendirilmesi……………………………………………………… 59
4.2. Araştırmanın Kısıtlı Yönleri……………………………………………………………………… 66
4.3. Araştırmanın Güçlü Yönleri……………………………………………………………………… 68
4.4. Tartışma ve Öneriler……………………………………………………………………………….. 70
Referanslar………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 72
Ekler…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Reconstructing natural environment, urban and children relations "natural environment-based education in Scandinavia and Sweden Forest School model"
No full textThis research examines forest schools and natural environment-based education in
terms of urban and nature relationship. It seeks spatial and pedagogical necessities,
particularities and efficiency toward the applicability of natural environment-based
education within urban area. Forest school philosophy and practice, and urban
nature experience of early childhood are addressed via the Swiss model from an
interdisciplinary perspective. The objective of the thesis is that child-friendly cities
are possible through a balanced and healthy understanding, and experience of nature
by children. Accordingly, the research is centred on the objective that forest schools
serve an essential model in this field. This study investigates the issues of a)
establishing strong bonds with nature within city in early-childhood, b) theoretical
and practical information obtained from the Swiss model, c) opportunities of natural
environment-based education for children. Additionally, urban-nature relationship is
conceptualised considering pedagogical and sociological views in the study. The
research is based on the data from the fieldwork conducted in two schools in Sweden,
“Forest School” and a kinder-garden adopted a natural environment-based
education and Reggio Emilia approach. Following a review on the existing literature
and theoretical debates in the field, the study is built on the notes from the fieldwork
carried out by participant observation method and systematic observations.
Furthermore, school environments are represented with photography technique and
spatial mapping. The results indicate that forest schools and natural environment based preschool institutions have various positive effects on children, who live urban
areas. These schools have an effective role and function for bringing children
knowledge and experience of nature. They also improve achievements of children
regarding all developmental stages by experiencing outdoor educational
environment in natural and greenery spaces. This study suggests that starting and
developing this type of educational institutions in Turkey would not only dramatically
improve educational standards but also advance urban-nature experience.Öz ................................................................................................................................ iv
Abstract ....................................................................................................................... vi
Teşekkür .................................................................................................................... viii
İçindekiler .................................................................................................................... ix
Şekiller Listesi .............................................................................................................. xi
Kısaltmalar Listesi ....................................................................................................... xiii
BÖLÜMLER
1. Araştırmanın Tasarımı .............................................................................................. 1
1.1. Araştırmanın Problemi ve Sınırlılıkları .............................................................. 3
1.2. Araştırmanın Önemi ......................................................................................... 3
2. Yöntem, Literatür ve Teori ....................................................................................... 5
2.1. Yöntem ............................................................................................................. 5
2.2. Literatür ve Teori .............................................................................................. 7
2.2.1. Şehir ve Doğa Eleştirisi ......................................................................... 7
2.2.2. Doğal Çevre- İnsan Diyalektiği ve Ekoloji ........................................... 12
2.2.3. Çocuk Dostu Şehir .............................................................................. 21
2.2.4. Çocuklarla Doğa Arasındaki Yeni İlişki................................................ 23
3.1. Orman Okulları ............................................................................................... 31
3.1.1. Kavramın Tanımı ................................................................................ 31
3.1.2. Temel Özellikleri ve İlkeleri ................................................................ 31
3.1.3. Orman Okulları Temelinde Pestalozzi, Froebel ve Steiner Felsefesi . 34
3.1.4. Doğada Eğitimin Çocukların Gelişimine Etkisi .................................... 35
3.1.5. Doğada Risk Faktörü .......................................................................... 41
3.1.6. “Kötü hava diye bir şey yoktur, doğru giyinmek vardır” .................... 43
3.2. İskandinavya’da Doğa Temelli Eğitim ve Orman Okulları .............................. 45
3.2.1. İskandinavya’da “Friluftsliv” Felsefesi ve Orman Okulları ................. 45
3.2.2. Gösta Frohm ve “Skogsmulle” Okulları .............................................. 50
3.3. İlgili Araştırmalar ............................................................................................ 55
4. Örnek Olay Çalışması .............................................................................................. 59
4.1. İsveç Orman Okulu (I Ur och Skur) Alan Çalışması ......................................... 59
4.2. Doğa Temelli Eğitimi Benimseyen Reggio Emilia Anaokulu Alan Çalışması ... 85
Kaynakça .................................................................................................................. 10
A reassessment of anti-Ottoman palacards in Syria, 1878-1881
Full text linkMakale yazarı aynı zamanda kitap editörü olduğu için önsöz bilgisi, ayrı bir dosya olarak verilmiştir.
Kitabın basılı hali İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'nde mevcuttur.Soon after the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877-78, anti-Ottoman placards appeared in important cities of the province of Syria, like Beirut and Damascus, between 1878 and 1881. There are four groups of placards that appeared in Syria during the period under study. The first instance took place in July 1878 when two placards, one in Turkish and one in Arabic, appeared on the streets of Damascus. The second group appeared on the streets of Beirut in June 1880 and John Dickson, the British acting consul, provided a copy of each of the two different placards in Arabic. The third group of placards were posted up on the streets of Beirut, Sidon and Tripoli, and Dickson provided the British Foreign Office with a copy of the placard that had appeared in Beirut. The last placard under review is a printed one, dated March 1881 and distributed by the foreign postal services to the European consuls serving in the Arab province
GPS tabanlı konum belirleme sistemlerinin güvenliği ve sinyal geliş doğrultusu kestirimi ile saldırı tespiti
Full text linkIn this thesis, we propose a new GPS signal jamming and spoofing attack detection method based on DOA (Direction of Arrival) which can handle more complex attack scenarios from multiple sources. For this purpose, the heavily used GPS signal jamming andspoofingattackdetectionmethodsinliterature,namelyMUSIC,Root-MUSIC,ESPRIT, CAPON DOA are analyzed and the parameters of these methods that can optimize the performance are identified according the characteristics of the attack scenarios. In real-life attacks, GPS spoofing signals are often generated from a single source. The parameter optimization in the proposed method is based on the difference between the satellite position and angle information obtained from the real GPS satellites and multiple spoofing signals. The performance analysis of the proposed method has been done using the MATLAB simulation tool. Artificial virtual spoofing signals are used to generate simulation scenarios in addition to the actual GPS signal samples received from real GPS satellites. Simulation results show that the proper selection of the parameters used in the DOA algorithms significantly affect the performance.Yazarlık Beyanı ii
Öz iv
Abstract v
Teşekkür vii
Şekil Listesi x
Tablo Listesi xii
Kısaltmalar xiii
1 Giriş 1 1.1 GPS Sistemlerine Giriş . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Konumlama Sistemleri 3 2.1 Konumlama Sistemlerine Giriş . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 GNSS Sistemi (Küresel Uydu Seyrüsefer Sistemi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 GPS Sistemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.4 GLONASS, GALILEO ve BEIDOU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.5 D-GPS ve A-GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.6 GNSS Sinyal Yapıları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.7 GPS Çalışma Mantığı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.8 GPS Uydusu ve GPS Alıcısı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.9 Askeri GPS Sistemi ve Yeni GPS III Uyduların Güvenlik Özellikleri . . . . 10
3 GPS Saldırıları 12 3.1 GPS Saldırılarına Giriş . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2 Yaşanmış Saldırılar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3 Güvenli Haberleşmenin Temelleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4 GPS Sinyal Karıştırıcı Tespiti ve Saldırıya Dayanıklılığı . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.5 GPS Aldatma Saldırısı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.6 Çoklu Sensör Çözümleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.7 GPS Alıcı - Anten Tabanlı Çözümler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4 GPS Aldatma-Sinyal Karıştırma Saldırıların GPS Sinyal Geliş Doğrultusu (DOA) ile Tespiti 32
4.1 GPS ve DOA Algoritmaları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4.2 Temel Elektromanyetik Bilgileri ve Küresel Koordinat Sistemi . . . . . . . 35 4.3 İlgili Çalışmalar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5 DOA ile GPS Aldatma Saldırısı Tespiti MATLAB Uygulaması 40 5.1 MATLAB DOA Uygulamasına Giriş . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.2 GPS Aldatma Saldırısı DOA Tespit Tabanlı Alarm Modeli . . . . . . . . 44 5.3 Aldatma Saldırısı Öncesi DOA Tespit Başarısı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5.4 Örnek Sayısı Farklılığında DOA Performansları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.5 Anten Sayısı Farklılığında DOA Performansları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.6 SNR Değeri Farklılığında DOA Performansları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.7 Anten Dizi Mesafesi Farklılığında DOA Performansları . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.8 Saldırgan Kaynak Sayısı Farklılığında DOA Performansı . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.9 MUSIC Algoritması DOA Performansı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 5.10 CAPON Algoritması DOA Performansı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Sonuçlar 62
Kaynakça 6