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Systematic review on psychometric properties of the Multi Dimmensional Anixety Scale for Children (MASC) in an Icelandic sample.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadFjölþáttakvíðakvarði fyrir börn (MASC) er skimunarlisti sem metur fjórar víddir kvíða, líkamleg
einkenni, flótta og forðunarhegðun, félagskvíða og aðskilnaðarkvíða/felmtur. Markmið eftirfarandi
rannsóknar var að meta próffræðilega eiginleika kvarðans í íslensku úrtaki með aðferðum
kerfisbundins yfirlits (e. systematic review). Leitað var kerfisbundið að greinum sem fjölluðu um
íslenskar rannsóknir á kvarðanum. Samtals voru 185 útdrættir skimaðir og að lokum voru 20
greinar valdar úr sem uppfylltu þátttökuviðmið. Meðaltöl og staðalfrávik voru svipuð og í erlendum
rannsóknum, hærri í klínísku úrtaki en almennu og stúlkur skoruðu almennt hærra á öllum þáttum.
Innra samræmi var viðunandi í öllum rannsóknum og í samræmi við erlendar rannsóknir, sem og
aðgreiningar- og samleitisréttmæti. Ein íslensk rannsókn skoðaði forspárréttmæti og notast var
við innlagnarúrtak á BUGL og voru niðurstöður í samræmi við erlendar niðurstöður að mestu leyti,
félagskvíðaundirþáttur MASC spáði fyrir um félagskvíðaröskun og undirþátturinn aðskilnaðarkvíði/
felmtur spáði fyrir um aðskilnaðarkvíðaröskun en þar sem úrtakið var innlagnarúrtak gefa
niðurstöður ekki eins skýra mynd og þær erlendu. Tvær íslenskar rannsóknir sýna að fjögurra
þátta lausn sé best fyrir íslenskt úrtak. Á heildina litið er kvarðinn áreiðanlegur og gagnlegur listi
sem fagfólk getur nýtt til að skima eftir kvíðaeinkennum hjá börnum og unglingum.
Efnisorð: Fjölþáttakvíðakvarði, MASC, kerfisbundið yfirlit, próffræðilegir eiginleikar, íslensk börnMultidimensional Anixety Scale for Children (MASC) is
a self-report scale assessing four dimensions of anxiety;
physical symptoms, harm avoidance, social anxiety and
separation/panic. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the psychometric properties of the Icelandic version using
systematic review. In total we screened 185 abstracts.
Only 20 publications fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Mean
and standard devatiation were similar to previous studies
in North-America and Europe. We found higher means
in clinical samples than community samples. Girls had
higher means on the total score and all subscales. We
found adequate internal consistency across all studies.
The results also revealed divergent and convergent validity.
One study examined screening efficiency using
an inpatient sample from the Department of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry at Reykjavik, the results were in
line with previous studies for the most part, as the social
anixety scale predicted social anixety disorder and the seperation/panic scale predicted seperation anixety disorder
but due to the sample being highly comorbid the
results were not as robust as previous studies. Two studies
reported on factor analysis showing superior fit for the
original four factor solution. We conclude that the MASC
seems to be a reliable and valid screening instrument for
anxiety symptoms in Icelandic youth
Exposure Therapy Practices for Pediatric Anxiety Disorder: A survey of Icelandic clinical psychologists treating youth with anxiety disorders
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadBerskjöldun (exposure) er gagnreynd aðferð til að draga úr hamlandi kvíða hjá börnum með
kvíðaraskanir og hafa rannsóknir sýnt að hún sé áhrifaríkasti hluti hugrænnar atferlismeðferðar.
Bandarískar rannsóknir benda til þess að berskjöldun sé vannýtt á klínískum vettvangi en staðan
innan Evrópu er enn óljós. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kortleggja stöðu íslenskra sálfræðinga
í notkun berskjöldunar við kvíðaröskunum barna (almennri kvíðaröskun, aðskilnaðarkvíða og
félagskvíða). Önnur markmið rannsóknarinnar voru að meta viðhorf meðferðaraðila til berskjöldunar,
þjálfun þeirra í beitingu aðferðarinnar og val á aðferðum í meðferð. Allir sálfræðingar innan
Sálfræðingafélags Íslands fengu sendan spurningalista og til að geta tekið þátt þurfti viðkomandi
að hafa meðhöndlað að minnsta kosti eitt barn á aldrinum fimm til 17 ára með kvíðaröskun sem
aðalröskun á síðastliðnum 12 mánuðum. Samtals svöruðu 50 félagsmenn könnuninni. Í ljós
kom að flestir þátttakendur voru með meistaragráðu og flestir unnu á heilsugæslustöð, Barnaog
unglingageðdeild eða á einkarekinni stofu. Niðurstöður sýndu að langflestir nota HAM og
berskjöldun (94%) til þess að meðhöndla börn og unglinga með kvíðaröskun. Einnig voru viðhorf
gagnvart aðferðinni að öllu jöfnu jákvæð. Þrátt fyrir það virðist skorta þjálfun og innleiðingu á
aðferðinni. Í samanburði við Bandaríkin virðist Ísland standa ágætlega hvað varðar notkun á
berskjöldun þó svo að gæði aðferðinnar í meðferð séu óljós. Í framhaldi af þessari rannsókn væri
gagnlegt að rannsaka meðferðarfylgni meðferðaraðila í því skyni að fá betri innsýn í það hvort
verið sé að veita börnum á Íslandi meðferðarúrræði sem skilar árangri.
Efnisorð: Hugræn atferlismeðferð, berskjöldun, kvíðaraskanir barna, meðferðaraðilar, gagnreyndar
aðferðirExposure is an evidence-based method and previous
studies have shown that it is the most effective part of
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for children with anxiety
disorders. Research within the US suggests that
exposure-based treatment is still underutilized in clinical
practice while data on use of exposure in Europe is still
unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the use of
exposure amongst psychologists in Iceland while treating
children with anxiety disorders (general anxiety disorder,
separation anxiety, social anxiety). Attitude towards exposure,
training, and the use of exposure-based methods
were considered. An Internet-based survey was sent via
email to all members of the Icelandic Psychological Association.
Criteria for participation was to have treated
at least one child aged 5-17 with an anxiety disorder in
the last 12 months. Fifty members answered the questionnaire.
Most of respondents have a master‘s degree
and were working at a health clinic, the Child and Adolescent
psychiatric department or a private practice. The
results suggest that exposure-based therapy is widely
used among children and adolescents (94%) and attitude
towards exposure is mainly positive. However, it seems
that exposure-based training is lacking as many of the
psychologist reported that they did not receive appropriate
training. Compared to US studies, exposure-based treatment
in Iceland seems to be accepted and widely used. In
light of these results, further research is needed to better
understand treatment quality and fidelity.
Keywords: Cognitive behavior therapy, exposure therapy,
child anxiety, therapists, treatment component
Meðferðarúrræði sem byggjast á tengslum hugar og líkama
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ICNP, alþjóðlegt flokkunarkerfi í hjúkrun
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Psychologists´ private practice during restrictions on gatherings in March and April 2020.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadÍ byrjun árs 2020 skall heimsfaraldur SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) skyndilega á í vestrænum ríkjum.
Þann 28. febrúar greindist fyrsti Íslendingurinn með COVID-19 og í mars var sett á samkomubann
hérlendis. Leiða má að því líkur að slíkur faraldur hafi áhrif á andlega líðan fólks en engu að síður
hafa erlendar rannsóknir sýnt að áhrif fyrstu bylgju á líðan almennings voru ekki mikil. Markmið
þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna áhrif samkomubanns hér á landi í mars og apríl 2020 á störf
sjálfstætt starfandi sálfræðinga. Alls tóku 98 sálfræðingar þátt í rannsókninni. Lagðar voru fyrir
36 spurningar sem sneru að eftirspurn eftir viðtölum, formi viðtala, mati sálfræðinga á líðan
skjólstæðinga sinna og geðheilsu þjóðarinnar. Einnig var spurt um áhrif líðanar sálfræðinga á
getu þeirra til þess að sinna meðferð og áhrif samkomubanns vegna COVID-19 á tekjur þeirra.
Niðurstöður þessarar rannsóknar bentu til þess að eftirspurn eftir sálfræðiviðtölum hafi dregist
saman í fyrstu bylgju faraldursins. Breyting varð á formi viðtala; viðtölum í lokuðu rými fækkaði en
fjarviðtölum fjölgaði. Um þriðjungur sjálfstætt starfandi sálfræðinga taldi að geðheilsa skjólstæðinga
sinna hefði versnað á tímabilinu. Mikill meirihluti taldi að COVID-19 myndi hafa áhrif á geðheilsu
þjóðarinnar. Líðan sálfræðinga hafði, að þeirra mati, lítil áhrif á getu til þess að sinna meðferð. Vegna
minni eftirspurnar lækkuðu tekjur hjá miklum meirihluta þátttakenda. Ljóst er að samkomubann í
mars og apríl hafði áhrif á störf sálfræðinga. Ekki er vitað hvort samkomubann vegna þriðju bylgju
COVID-19 muni hafa sambærileg áhrif og er frekari rannsókna þörf.
Efnisorð: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, sálfræðingar, líðan, fjarþjónusta.early 2020, pandemic SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) suddenly
struck Western countries. On February 28th, the
first Icelander was diagnosed with COVID-19, and in
March, restrictions on gatherings were imposed in Iceland.
It is possible that a pandemic affects peoples´ mental
well-being, but research has shown that the effects of the
pandemic´s first wave on the well-being of the general
public were not significant. The aim of this study was
to examine the effects of the restrictions on gatherings
in March and April 2020 on the work of psychologists
in private practice and the well-being of their clients.
A total of 98 psychologists participated in the study.
A 36 item questionnaire was administered. The questions
regarded the demand for appointments, the form
of treatment sessions (online or on-site), psychologists’
assessment of their clients’ well-being, and the nation’s
mental health. Participants were also asked about the
effect of their own well-being on their ability to provide
treatment. The psychologists were also asked about the
effects of restrictions on gatherings on their income. This
study indicated that the demand for treatment dropped
in the first wave of the pandemic, but the number of
online treatment sessions increased. About a third of
psychologists in private practice felt that their clients’
mental health had deteriorated during the period. The
vast majority believed that COVID-19 would affect the
nation’s mental health. The well-being of psychologists
had, by their own estimate, little effect on the ability of
most of them to provide treatment. Due to lower demand,
the income of the vast majority of participants decreased.
It is clear that the restrictions on gatherings in March and
April affected psychologists’ work. It is unknown whether
the restrictions on gatherings during the third wave will
have a similar effect and further research is needed.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, psychologists,
well-being, online treatment
Put health care professionals in the lead
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Supplemented ERA-EDTA Registry data evaluated the frequency of dialysis, kidney transplantation, and comprehensive conservative management for patients with kidney failure in Europe.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadThe aims of this study were to determine the frequency of dialysis and kidney transplantation and to estimate the regularity of comprehensive conservative management (CCM) for patients with kidney failure in Europe. This study uses data from the ERA-EDTA Registry. Additionally, our study included supplemental data from Armenia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Kosovo, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Slovenia and additional data from Israel, Italy, Slovakia using other information sources. Through an online survey, responding nephrologists estimated the frequency of CCM (i.e. planned holistic care instead of kidney replacement therapy) in 33 countries. In 2016, the overall incidence of replacement therapy for kidney failure was 132 per million population (pmp), varying from 29 (Ukraine) to 251 pmp (Greece). On 31 December 2016, the overall prevalence of kidney replacement therapy was 985 pmp, ranging from 188 (Ukraine) to 1906 pmp (Portugal). The prevalence of peritoneal dialysis (114 pmp) and home hemodialysis (28 pmp) was highest in Cyprus and Denmark respectively. The kidney transplantation rate was nearly zero in some countries and highest in Spain (64 pmp). In 28 countries with five or more responding nephrologists, the median percentage of candidates for kidney replacement therapy who were offered CCM in 2018 varied between none (Slovakia and Slovenia) and 20% (Finland) whereas the median prevalence of CCM varied between none (Slovenia) and 15% (Hungary). Thus, the substantial differences across Europe in the frequency of kidney replacement therapy and CCM indicate the need for improvement in access to various treatment options for patients with kidney failure.
Keywords: hemodialysis; peritoneal dialysis; transplantation.European Commission
ERAEDT
Benchmarking European Home Care Models for Older Persons on Societal Costs: The IBenC Study.
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadThis study aims to benchmark mean societal costs per client in different home care models and to describe characteristics of home care models with the lowest societal costs. In this prospective longitudinal study in 6 European countries, 6-month societal costs of resource utilization of 2060 older home care clients were estimated. Three care models were identified and compared based on level of patient-centered care (PCC), availability of specialized professionals (ASP) and level of monitoring of care performance (MCP). Differences in costs between care models were analyzed using linear regression while adjusting for case mix differences. Societal costs incurred in care model 2 (low ASP; high PCC & MCP) were significantly higher than in care model 1 (high ASP, PCC & MCP, mean difference €2230 (10%)) and in care model 3 (low ASP & PCC; high MCP, mean difference €2552 (12%)). Organizations within both models with the lowest societal costs, systematically monitor their care performance. However, organizations within one model arranged their care with a low focus on patient-centered care, and employed mainly generalist care professionals, while organizations in the other model arranged their care delivery with a strong focus on patient-centered care combined with a high availability of specialized care professionals.
Keywords: Home care models; international benchmarking; older adults; societal costs.European Commissio
Dansaðu maður, dansaðu!
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Clinical practice guideline on gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowThe Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Clinical practice Committee endorses the BMJ Rapid Recommendation Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients-a clinical practice guideline. The guideline serves as a useful decision aid for clinicians caring for critically ill patients, and can be used together with clinical experience to decide whether a specific critically ill patient may benefit from gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis.
Keywords: AGREE II; clinical practice guideline; critical care; critically ill; gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis.Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicin