Landspítali University Hospital Research Archive
Not a member yet
7973 research outputs found
Sort by
Fish skin grafts compared to human amnion/chorion membrane allografts: A double-blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial of acute wound healing.
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadChronic, nonhealing wounds consume a great deal of healthcare resources and are a major public health problem, associated with high morbidity and significant economic costs. Skin grafts are commonly used to facilitate wound closure. The grafts can come from the patient's own skin (autograft), a human donor (allograft), or from a different species (xenograft). A fish skin xenograft from cold-water fish (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) is a relatively recent option that shows promising preclinical and clinical results in wound healing. Chronic wounds vary greatly in etiology and nature, requiring large cohorts for effective comparison between therapeutic alternatives. In this study, we attempted to imitate the status of a freshly debrided chronic wound by creating acute full-thickness wounds, 4 mm in diameter, on healthy volunteers to compare two materials frequently used to treat chronic wounds: fish skin and dHACM. The purpose is to give an indication of the efficacy of the two therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of chronic wounds in a simple, standardized, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. All volunteers were given two identical punch biopsy wounds, one of which was treated with a fish skin graft and the other with dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft (dHACM). In the study, 170 wounds were treated (85 wounds per group). The primary endpoint was defined as time to heal (full epithelialization) by blinded assessment at days 14, 18, 21, 25, and 28. The superiority hypothesis was that the fish skin grafts would heal the wounds faster than the dHACM. To evaluate the superiority hypothesis, a mixed Cox proportional hazard model was used. Wounds treated with fish skin healed significantly faster (hazard ratio 2.37; 95% confidence interval: (1.75-3.22; p = 0.0014) compared with wounds treated with dHACM. The results show that acute biopsy wounds treated with fish skin grafts heal faster than wounds treated with dHACM.Icelandic Technology Development Fun
Parental occupational exposure pre- and post-conception and development of asthma in offspring.
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadBackground: While direct effects of occupational exposures on an individual's respiratory health are evident, a new paradigm is emerging on the possible effects of pre-conception occupational exposure on respiratory health in offspring. We aimed to study the association between parental occupational exposure starting before conception and asthma in their offspring (at 0-15 years of age).
Methods: We studied 3985 offspring participating in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Their mothers or fathers (n = 2931) previously participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Information was obtained from questionnaires on parental job history pre- and post-conception which was linked to an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix (JEM). We assessed the association between parental occupational exposure and offspring asthma, applying logistic regression models, clustered by family and adjusted for study centre, offspring sex, parental characteristics (age, asthma onset, place of upbringing, smoking) and grandparents' level of education.
Results: Parental occupational exposure to microorganisms, pesticides, allergens or reactive chemicals pre-conception or both pre- and post-conception was not related to offspring asthma; in general, subgroup analyses confirmed this result. However, maternal exposure both pre- and post-conception to allergens and reactive chemicals was associated with increased odds for early-onset asthma in offspring (0-3 years of age); odds ratio 1.70 (95% CI: 1.02-2.84) and 1.65 (95% CI: 0.98-2.77), respectively.
Conclusions: This study did not find evidence that parental occupational exposure, defined by an asthma JEM before conception only or during pre- and post-conception vs non-exposed, was associated with offspring asthma.
Keywords: job-exposure matrices; Epidemiology; air pollutants; asthma; generation study; occupation; occupational exposure.Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
Wood Dust Foundation
Danish Lung Association
Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
Swedish Association Against Asthma and Allergy
Swedish Research Council
Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life & Welfare (Forte)
Bror Hjerpstedt Foundation
Vardal Foundation for Health Care and Allergic Research
Research Council of Norway
European Commission
Norwegian Asthma and Allergy Association
HelseVest Norway
Research Council of Norway
University of Iceland Research Fund
Estonian Science Foundation
Estonian Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Medical Research Council UK (MRC)
University of Melbourne
Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica, SEPAR Spain
Horizon2020 PHC1
633212
Aarhus University
Danish Working Environment Research Fund, Denmark
Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF
„Everything connects to everything“
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Downloa
Tengsl Íslands við forvarnarþjálfun aftanlæris- og krossbandameiðsla. Hvar stendur Norræna aftanlærisæfingin í dag?
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Downloa
Þrálátir stoðkerfisverkir – áherslur doktorsritgerðar
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Downloa
Gæfuspor - þverfaglegt meðferðarúrræði fyrir þolendur ofbeldis
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Downloa
Áhrif hreyfingar á þunglyndi og kvíða, samanburður við sálfræðimeðferð
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadDepression and anxiety are common illnesses in our society. In
fact, depression is the leading cause of disability in the world.
Having good treatment options for those that suffer from anxiety
and depression is important. The most common form of treatment
is pharmacological treatment and psychological treatment. In
recent years, research has shown good results on the use of
exercise to treat depression and anxiety. The goal of this research
was to study the effects an eight-week group exercise program
would have on a group of people with depression and anxiety, and
to compare the results to the results of a study that used a
transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (TCBT) to treat
groups of people with depression and anxiety.
Participants exercised three times a week for eight weeks and
answered questionnaires (BDI-II, BAI, CORE-OM, PSS og
QOLS), at four intervals: at baseline, after four weeks, immediately
after the intervention and at a three month follow up.
The exercise was composed of endurance exercise three times
a week at 60-80% of maximum heart rate and strength training
twice a week. There was an increase in the time exercised and the
difficulty level of the strength training the further into the exercise
program.
The results showed significant improvements on both de -
pression and anxiety symptoms, and when compared to TCBT the
effects of exercise were slightly better than TCBT
Áfallasaga einstaklings skiptir máli
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Downloa
Adults referred to a national ADHD clinic in Iceland: clinical characteristics and follow-up status.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowObjective: Evaluate adults referred to a national ADHD clinic, by comparing those diagnosed with those who were not, and those who screened negative and to evaluate changes among those diagnosed at follow-up.
Method: Data obtained from 531 patients' medical records (49.7% males). One hundred thirty-six screened negative, 395 positive and 305 met diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Eighty-three of them were contacted by phone at follow-up.
Results: ADHD diagnosis was associated with lower educational status and more concerns expressed by parents and teachers during childhood. Participants not diagnosed with ADHD more often met diagnostic criteria for dysthymia, agoraphobia and generalized anxiety, and were more likely to be diagnosed with two or more comorbid disorders. At follow-up, all reported a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms, irrespective of medication, but the medicated participants reported fewer symptoms of inattention and better functioning in daily life.
Conclusion: Adults referred to ADHD clinics may have multiple mental health problems, regardless of whether they receive ADHD diagnosis or not. This could have implications for differential diagnoses of ADHD in adults and emphasises the need to have appropriate treatment available for both groups. Psychoeducation about ADHD may be very helpful in decreasing anxiety and ADHD symptoms.
Keywords: Adult ADHD; comorbid disorders; follow-up; functioning; medication
Operative management in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Iceland: a population-based study.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowObjective: Radical nephroureterectomy is the standard treatment of organ-confined upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The objective of this study was to investigate survival and bladder recurrence rate in Icelandic patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterctomy (RNU) or other procedures with curative intent.
Material and methods: All patients who were diagnosed with UTUC in Iceland from 2003 to 2016 and treated with curative intent were included in the study. Information on patients was obtained retrospectively from patients' medical records and from the Icelandic Cause of Death Registry.
Results: Overall 63 patients underwent a procedure for UTUC with curative intent in Iceland during the study period. The median age was 71 years and the majority were male (65%). In 50 patients (79%), the tumor was a primary UTUC. The most common procedure was RNU (78%) and eight patients (13%) underwent a kidney-sparing procedure. No patient died within 90 d of surgery. Twenty-eight patients (44%) had pathological stage T2 or higher, whereas 35 patients (56%) had pathological stage T1 or lower. The median follow-up time was 98.8 months . During the follow-up time 25 patients (40%) were diagnosed with recurrence in the bladder. Five-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 67%.
Conclusions: This population-based study shows that the oncologic outcome in Icelandic patients with UTUC is similar to what has been reported in other countries. Bladder recurrence rate is high and can hopefully be reduced by improvements in surgical and intravesical instillation treatment. Possibly more kidney-sparing surgeries could have been done during the study period; however, careful selection for those procedures is mandatory.
Keywords: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma; bladder recurrence; nephroureterectomy; survival.Icelandic Cancer Registr