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Burnout and depression
No full textRecently, according to the increase in physical and psychological fatigue due to overwork and/or emotional labor, burnout has been received broad attention and widely infiltrated the popular culture. Despite an extended concept of burnout, however, the distinction between burnout and depression remains inconclusive. Furthermore, in spite of a rapid increase in research dedicated physical and biological aspects in addition to symptomatic and psychosocial ones of burnout, a clear difference between burnout and depression remains uncertain as well. Burnout has mainly been investigated in the research filed of psychology, but not medicine. So far, as a reason for that, no binding medical diagnostic criteria exist for identifying cases of burnout. In contrast, major depressive disorder is classified mental disorder. The definition of the burnout syndrome is insufficient. Substantial studies including medical ones are needed in order to answer the question if burnout and depression represent different pathologies with overlapping symptoms or if they describe aspects of the same disorder
模倣の社会的意義を見極める方法を考える
No full textⅠ オマージュ？パロディ？あるいは凡庸な模倣 Ⅱ 技術分野のプラクティスと非技術分野の雰囲気の違い Ⅲ 模倣に対して否定的な態度が引き起こす社会的な負担 Ⅳ 模倣の社会的意義を見極めるために、何を観察するか？ Ⅴ 私(たち)は、まだ、何も、わかってはいない。科学研究費補助金課題番号23243017による研究成果のまと
Spatial Market Integration and Price Transmission among High and Low Quality Rice Markets in Afghanistan
No full textThis research examines cointegration and dynamics of price transmission among domestic as well as domestic & global and domestic & major supplier’s markets of high and low quality rice; and compares the magnitude of price transmission and speed of adjustment between the high and low quality rice markets. Unit root tests, the consistent momentum threshold autoregressive (M–TAR) models and vector error correction models (symmetric and asymmetric) are employed in this study. The results showed that the provincial markets of high and low quality rice are cointegrated with their respective market of Kabul, exception being Kandahar and Maimana markets of low quality rice. They are also cointegrated with their corresponding Pakistani and global markets. Evidence of short– and long–run asymmetric adjustment among the provincial markets of high and low quality rice with respect to their corresponding Kabul, Pakistani and global markets indicates the presence of persistent and temporary inefficiencies in the rice markets. The short– and long–run speed of adjustment coefficients are relatively larger for high than low quality rice markets, implying efficient and/or remunerative spatial arbitrage in the high quality rice markets. Conversely, the elasticity of price transmission is relatively greater for the majority of low than high quality rice markets pairs. A random shock in Kabul, Pakistani and global markets of high and low quality rice affect their respective provincial markets in varying degrees. In a nutshell, the dynamics of price transmission may be different between the pairs of high and low quality rice markets. This paper illuminates the dynamics of spatial price transmission among the segmented rice markets and emphasizes the need for improving the functioning of rice markets in the country using an integrated approach
Effects of sika deer on long-term stand dynamics of Abies - Tsuga forest in the Kyushu mountain range
No full text九州大学宮崎演習林内の冷温帯針広混交林に1971年に設定した調査地を2013年に復元し，森林構造と種組成を再調査した。1971年に林床を被覆していたスズタケは2013年には完全に消失した。その他の下層の木本も，シカが摂食しないシキミとアセビ以外は消失した。樹高2m 以上の木本も種数，幹数とも大きく減少した。特に胸高直径5cm 未満の木本は幹数が20%程度まで減少した。胸高直径５cm 以上の針葉樹は，同サイズの広葉樹よりも成長速度が速かった。死亡率は落葉広葉樹が常緑針葉樹や常緑広葉樹よりも低かった。モミはツガよりも成長速度が速く，死亡率が高かった。モミの優占度はツガよりも大きかったが，今後はツガの優占度が増加するかもしれない。しかし，シキミとアセビ以外の新規加入がみられないため，さらに長期的にはシキミとアセビが優占する林分になる可能性がある。In 2013, we reestablished study plots established in1971 in a cool temperate mixed forest in the Shiiba Research Forest, Kyushu University. We identified the trees measured in the former study, and measured stand structure and species composition again. The understory had mostly been denuded by sika deer browsing in 2013, while Sasa borealis covered the forest floor thickly in 1971. The number of species and stems of trees taller than 2m in height also decreased largely. Especially, the stem numbers of trees smaller than 5cm in diameter at breast height (DBH) decreased up to 20%. The growth rate of conifer larger than or equal to 5cm in DBH was larger than those of broad-leaved trees. The mortality of deciduous trees was smaller than those of evergreen trees. The larger growth rate of Abies firma corresponded to the larger dominance of A. firma than Tsuga sieboldii. The low mortality of T. sieboldii suggested that the dominance of T. sieboldii would increase in the future. Further, the stand would be dominated by two species sika deer cannot consume, Illicium anisatum and Pieris japonica subsp. japonica, because no species other than the two species regenerated in the stands
Model Forests in Kasuya Research Forest Ⅰ．
No full text九州大学農学部附属演習林福岡演習林第9次森林管理計画書（2015～2024年度）において指定された見本林のうち，陣馬の大杉見本林とヌマスギ見本林について，2015 年度に設定と概要調査を行った。その結果，陣馬の大杉見本林では，高齢のスギが平均直径63cm，平均樹高29ｍ，立木密度194本/ha だった。ヌマスギ見本林は，40年生で平均直径51cm，平均樹高21ｍだった。The ninth Kasuya Research Forest Management Plan (2015-2024) designated the conservation and monitoring of model forests in Kasuya Research Forest. In 2015, we surveyed the Jimba-no-oosugi (Cryptomeria japonica) model forest and Tacodium distichum model forests. The mean diameter at breast height, tree height and tree density in the Jimba-no-oosugi model forest were 63cm, 29m and 194 trees/ha, respectively. The mean diameter at breast height and tree height in the Tacodium distichum model forest were 51cm and 21m, respectively
Buddhist Texts on Gold and Other Metals in East Asia : Preliminary Observations
No full textThis article focuses on a small number of Buddhist texts that have been produced on metal, including precious metals, in East Asia. This practice is known from documentary and scriptural references but also from finds in what are now Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Once the scriptural references had been translated into Chinese they became available to all parts of East Asia where the Chinese Buddhist canon was the norm. In Korea, the Khitan empire, Japan and elsewhere a few examples have been found of Buddhist texts on precious metals; for the most part it seems that these were buried in the foundations of stupas and pagodas. In most cases the texts were inscribed, but in a few cases they were created using the repoussé technique to produce a whole page at a time. In this article we give preliminary consideration to the production of Buddhist texts on metal in East Asia and ask why there is so much variation and why so many of the texts are incomplete