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Prospettive linguistiche e giuridiche sulla legge 482 del 1999
No full textIl presente contributo si propone di arricchire il dibattito sulla tutela delle lingue di minoranza presenti sul territorio italiano, offrendo una riflessione sui temi discussi nella conferenza "LEGGE N. 482 del 15 dicembre 1999 – Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche", svoltasi il 22 aprile 2024 presso l’Almo Collegio Borromeo. L’evento, organizzato dalle autrici di questo lavoro, ha visto gli interventi plenari di Silvia Dal Negro (Libera Università di Bolzano), che ha offerto una prospettiva linguistica sul tema e di Francesco Palermo (Università di Verona e Eurac Research), che ha proposto una riflessione sulle questioni giuridiche coinvolte. Entrambi gli interventi hanno messo in luce tanto i progressi quanto le criticità legate alla tutela delle lingue minoritarie nel contesto italiano, evidenziando inoltre la necessità di un approccio interdisciplinare e più strutturato.The aim of this paper is to enrich the debate on the protection of minority languages on Italian territory by offering a reflection on the issues discussed at the conference “LEGGE N. 482 del 15 dicembre 1999 – Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche” held on April 22, 2024 at the Almo Collegio Borromeo. The event, organized by the authors of this paper, featured plenary talks by Silvia Dal Negro (Free University of Bolzano), who offered a linguistic perspective on the topic, and Francesco Palermo (University of Verona and Eurac Research), who offered a contribution on the legal issues involved. Both talks highlighted the progress made and the challenges still faced in safeguarding minority languages within the Italian context, emphasizing the need for a more interdisciplinary and structured approach
Status of DAMA/LIBRA: phase2 and its empowered stage
No full textThe model-independent annual modulation effect measured by DAMA deepunderground at Gran Sasso National Laboratory with different experimental configu-rations is summarized; the evidence of a signal that meets all the requirements of themodel-independent Dark Matter annual modulation signature at high C.L. has been con-firmed over many independent annual cycles with various configurations (DAMA/NaI,DAMA/LIBRA–phase1 and DAMA/LIBRA–phase2; full exposure is 2.86 ton×yr). TheDAMA/LIBRA–phase2–empowered configuration has then put in operation with an evenlower software energy threshold. As in the plans, the experiment will complete all datatakings at fall 2024. The DAMA project has also realized many measurements to investigatevarious other rare processes
A joint effort to discover and characterize two resonant mini-Neptunes around TOI-1803 with TESS, HARPS-N, and CHEOPS
Full text linkContext. The discovery and characterization of mini-Neptunes hold a potentially crucial impact on planetary formation and evolution theories. Estimating their orbital parameters and atmospheric properties would provide valuable hints to improve formation and atmospheric models. Aims. We present the discovery of two mini-Neptunes near a 2:1 orbital resonance configuration orbiting the K0 star TOI-1803. We describe in detail their orbital architecture and suggest some possible formation and evolution scenarios. Methods. Using CHEOPS, TESS, and HARPS-N datasets, we estimated the radius and the mass of both planets. We used a multidimensional Gaussian process with a quasi-periodic kernel to disentangle the planetary components from the stellar activity in the HARPS-N dataset. We performed dynamical modeling to explain the orbital configuration and performed planetary formation and evolution simulations. For the least dense planet, we assumed different atmospheric compositions and defined possible atmospheric scenarios with simulated JWST observations. Results. TOI-1803 b and TOI-1803 c have orbital periods of ∼6.3 and ∼12.9 days, respectively, residing in close proximity to a 2:1 orbital resonance. Ground-based photometric follow-up observations have revealed significant transit timing variations (TTV) with an amplitude of ∼10 min and ∼40 min, respectively, for planets b and -c. With the masses computed from the radial velocities dataset, we obtained a density of (0.39 ± 0.10) ρ⊕ and (0.076 ± 0.038) ρ⊕ for planets b and -c, respectively. TOI-1803 c is among the least dense mini-Neptunes currently known, and due to its inflated atmosphere, it is a suitable target for transmission spectroscopy with JWST. With NIRSpec observations, we could understand whether the planet has kept its primary atmosphere or not, which would constrain our formation models. Conclusions. We report the discovery of two mini-Neptunes close to a 2:1 orbital resonance. The detection of significant TTVs from ground-based photometry opens scenarios for a more precise mass determination. TOI-1803 c is one of the least dense mini-Neptunes known so far, and it is of great interest among the scientific community since it could constrain current formation scenarios. JWST observations could give us valuable insights to characterize this interesting system
Methodology and clinical utility of longitudinal UBA1 tracking in VEXAS syndrome
No full textVacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) is a haemato-inflammatory syndrome genetically defined by somatic mutations in the X-linked UBA1 gene, typically Val/Thr/Leu substitutions at the Met41 hotspot. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and refractory to most haemato-rheumatological treatments. To date, no guidelines exist for the management of VEXAS, and scarce is the evidence on methodology and clinical significance of longitudinal UBA1 clonal burden evaluation upon therapy. Here, we validated a method to quantify UBA1 clonal burden and explored its applicability in patients with VEXAS. Given the different treatment interactions, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) may allow for informed therapeutic decisions and implementation of personalized strategies
Ripensare la pace. Strategie di intervento non violento e diritti umani
Full text linkI drammatici eventi odierni, in particolare i vari fronti di guerra, ci impongono di rivisitare alcuni temi che la prospettiva giuridico-filosofica ha approfondito nel tempo. In questo contesto, la pace e i diritti umani pongono la questione di nuove definizioni delle relazioni internazionali
An uncommon complication of a minimally invasive procedure
Full text linkDecision-making for intervention in symptomatic aortic stenosis should balance the risks of surgery and of transcatheter
aortic valve implantation (TAVI). TAVI is a well-established technique for treating elderly and high-risk patients with aortic
stenosis using a variety of different surgical approaches (a retrograde transfemoral, transaxillary, transaortic or an antegrade
transapical approach). The transapical approach requires the involvement of the heart surgeon and is now limited to cases
where the procedure cannot be performed by alternative approaches. We report the case of an 87-year-old patient with severe
peripheral arterial disease and a history of TAVI via transapical approach, who presented with a syncopal episode 4 years
post-procedure. Imaging revealed a left ventricular apex aneurysm, likely related to the previous transapical TAVI. This
case underscores the importance of thorough pre-procedural assessment and long-term follow-up in patients undergoing
alternative TAVI access routes, as well as the need for heightened awareness of rare but significant complications such as
ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Careful patient selection and individualized procedural planning remain essential to optimize
outcomes in this complex population
Prenatal VEGF nano-delivery reverses congenital diaphragmatic hernia-associated pulmonary abnormalities
No full textRationale: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results in lung hypoplasia. In severe cases, tracheal occlusion (TO) can be offered to promote lung growth. However the benefit is limited, and novel treatments are required to supplement TO. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is downregulated in animal models of CDH and could be a therapeutic target, but its role in human CDH is not known. Objectives: To investigate whether VEGF supplementation could be a suitable treatment for CDH-associated lung pathology. Methods: Fetal lungs from CDH patients were used to determine pulmonary morphology and VEGF expression. A novel human ex vivo model of fetal lung compression recapitulating CDH features was developed and used to determine the effect of exogenous VEGF supplementation. A nanoparticle-based approach for intra-pulmonary delivery of VEGF was developed by conjugating it on functionalized nanodiamonds (ND-VEGF) and was tested in experimental CDH in vivo. Measurements and main results: VEGF expression was downregulated in distal pulmonary epithelium of human CDH fetuses in conjunction with attenuated cell proliferation. The compression model resulted in impaired branching morphogenesis similar to CDH and downregulation of VEGF expression in conjunction with reduced proliferation of terminal bud epithelial progenitors; these could be reversed by exogenous supplementation of VEGF. Prenatal delivery of VEGF with the ND-VEGF platform in CDH fetal rats resulted in lung growth and pulmonary arterial remodelling that was complementary to that achieved by TO alone with appearances comparable to healthy controls. Conclusions: This innovative approach could have a significant impact on the treatment of CDH
Gli anni della riforma fondiaria: impegno politico e pensiero giuridico a servizio delle campagne
No full textProfiling of the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Proteome by Shotgun Proteomics Identifies Alterations of Immune System Components, Proteolytic Balance, Autophagy, and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Glaucoma Subjects
Full text linkGlaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy and is the second cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood, the death of retinal ganglion cells and degeneration of the optic nerve are likely promoted by a combination of local and systemic factors. Growing attention has been paid to nonintraocular pressure risk factors, including mechanisms of inflammation and neuroinflammation. Phenotypical and molecular alterations of circulating immune cells, in particular, lymphocyte subsets, have been documented in murine models of glaucoma and in human subjects. Very recently, oxygen consumption rate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been proposed as biomarkers of disease progression, thus suggesting that immune cells of glaucoma subjects present severe molecular and metabolic alterations. In this framework, this pilot study aimed to be the first to characterize global proteome perturbations of PBMC of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) compared to nonglaucomatous controls (control) by shotgun proteomics. The approach identified >4,500 proteins and a total of 435 differentially expressed proteins between POAG and control subjects. Clustering and rationalization of proteomic data sets and immunodetection of selected proteins by Western blotting highlighted significant alterations of immune system compartments (i.e., complement factors, regulators of immune functions, and lymphocyte activation) and pathways serving key roles for immune system such as proteolysis (i.e., matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors), autophagy (i.e., beclin-1 and LC3B), cell proliferation (Bcl2), mitochondrial (i.e., sirtuin), and energetic/redox metabolism (i.e., NADK). Based on these findings, this proteomic study suggests that circulating immune cells suffer from heterogeneous alterations of central pathways involved in cell metabolism and homeostasis. Larger, properly designed studies are required to confirm specifically how immune cellular alterations may be involved in the pathogenesis of both neuroinflammation and glaucomatous disease
Large clones of Clonal Hematopoiesis affect outcome in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results from The FIL MCL0208 Clinical Trial
No full textAlthough recent evidence suggests that myeloid clonal hematopoiesis (M-CH) may influence lymphoma clinical outcome, its impact in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains unclear. Here, we report a comprehensive NGS-based analysis of the M-CH mutational landscape at baseline and follow-up in patients enrolled in the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) MCL0208 phase 3 trial (NCT02354313), evaluating lenalidomide maintenance versus observation after chemoimmunotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in untreated young MCL patients. Overall, 254/300 (85%) enrolled patients (median age 57 years [32-66]) had a baseline sample available for CH analysis. Using stringent criteria, at least one mutation involving M-CH candidate genes was described in 34 patients (13%), with DNMT3A being the most frequently mutated gene (54%). After a median follow-up of 7 years, the presence of large CH clones (VAF ≥ 10%) predicted worse PFS (HR 2.93 [1.36-6.31], p=0.006) and OS (HR 3.02 [1.21-7.55], p=0.018) compared to CH- patients. Importantly, the competing risks analysis demonstrates that the worse clinical outcome associated with M-CH large clones is linked to MCL progression (P<0.05). Moreover, large M-CH clones showed longer time to hematologic recovery after ASCT compared to the remaining cohort (p=0.026). In conclusion, we showed for the first time that large CH clones might associate with unfavorable clinical impact in MCL patients