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Does Genre Matter when Reading to Your Child?
No full textThis review asks if research from 2014 and afterwards indicates that narratives dominate early childhood libraries and shared book reading. It further asks if varied genres positively impact children\u27s (1) content area knowledge and vocabulary, (2) language skills, (3) knowledge about informational text structures and text features, and (4) reading interest and engagement. The review used ERIC and APA PsycINFO in a combined search. The search terms were “Informational Text*” or “Text Structure*” or “Literary Genre*” or “Disciplinary Literac*” or “Genre”. The author identified 135 peer-reviewed studies from 2014 and later which were reduced after the author read titles, abstracts and as appropriate, the article itself. Additionally, the author found more articles referenced within the examined studies. 16 studies were used in the analysis. With one exception, studies found that narratives dominate story book reading in pre-schools and at home. One study indicated Spanish speaking mothers had proportionately more content books (e.g., alphabet books) at home and fewer narratives. Several studies found that informational books have a positive effect on vocabulary. Research is suggesting more specific causes for this effect. Informational books often have repetitive language, and more difficult vocabulary. Most studies found a robust difference in adult-child talk favoring informational texts over narratives. Interestingly, one study found that it was child’s abilities that determined extra textual talk. Another study suggested shorter book lengths encourage more talk. Yet another study suggested students learn only the text structures that they are exposed to. Finally, informational books are of interest to all children, but particularly boys
Investigating Factors Affecting International Students’ Academic Performance in Higher Education in the United States
No full textCrossing Boundaries through Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) during Covid-19: A Participatory Case Study in China
No full text
Analysis of International Branch Campuses in Korea and Japan: Exploring Success Factors
No full textEmerging Schola
Context, Purpose, and Coordination in Taxation
No full textA great deal of scholarship focuses on whether we should place social safety net and redistribution programs within the tax sphere and under the responsibility of the IRS. But much of this literature misses a key point. These programs are here, and they are unlikely to leave the tax sphere. But little is said about how to approach administering them.
This Article suggests the IRS administer these programs under a new framework called contextualized purpose. The idea is that these tax programs should be organized and managed in a way that comports with the broader context of the social safety net and redistribution in which they exist. In applying this approach, the IRS would discern the various purposes, values, and goals of these programs and note how they interrelate with other purposes, values, and goals within the tax system and the broader social safety net. To that end, contextualized purpose often requires that the IRS coordinate with other agencies to avoid administrative cross-purposes and that the agencies iteratively grow through learning by doing.
The Article uses contextualized purpose to examine and suggest administrative changes to key income support programs like the earned income tax credit (EITC), the child tax credit (CTC), and the pandemic economic impact payments (EIP). It then discusses some of the advantages and concerns with this approach and how this approach fills the gap left by traditional discussions of tax programs to effectuate social policy
Whole Genome Sequencing of West Nile Viruses from Animals Submitted to the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (CVMDL), USA, 2021
No full textWest Nile Virus (WNV) causes a zoonotic disease. WNV was first isolated in Uganda in 1937 and has since become an endemic in countries such as North, South, and Central America [1]. According to the Connecticut Department of Public Health, an average of 8 cases of WNV in humans have been reported since the year 2000 [2]. In this study, we focused on the genetic characterization of the viral genomic RNA of WNVs circulating in birds and mammals in the New England region. Following that aim, the complete genome sequence of two WNVs was obtained via next-generation sequencing. One sample originated from the State of Massachusetts obtained from an alpaca (Vicugna pacos). The other sample originated from the State of Connecticut obtained from an American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos).
Analysis of the obtained sequences revealed that WNV 21-3957/USA CT/CROW/2021 has similarities to viruses found in mosquitos (Culex sp., Culiseta sp., Aedes sp., and Culex pipiens), and to a virus detected in wild birds (blue jay) in USA. WNV 21-3728/USA MA/Alpaca/2021 detected in the alpaca has similarities to WNV detected in mosquitoes (Culex sp., Culiseta sp., Culex quinquefasciatus), wild birds (Spirus tristis), and humans, in the United States (New York, Illinois, and Texas). Future surveillance and genome sequencing of WNV in both mosquitoes and mammals is important to track the transmission and emergence of new variants, as well as monitor the evolution of the virus
Possible Effects of Sexual Health Education on Health Behaviors and Indicators
No full textSexual health education has long been evolving, and while a mountain of research has built a compelling case for continuing its improvement, the authors of the present paper were interested in evaluating the efficacy of state education standards in 2009, 2014, and 2019 on a multitude of sexual health outcomes in 2019. We concluded that throughout all three years, states with higher educational requirements could in fact produce better health outcomes, but those outcomes were heavily targeting delaying pregnancy. The educational requirements appeared to have neglected all other aspects of sexual health, including STD prevention, even though STD-based education was more influential than sex-based education. In addition, we identified a substantial number of state variables that could potentially be interfering with education efforts to a significant extent. Overall, we urge states to upgrade their requirements to reflect pre-existing national comprehensive educational standards and promote a more sex-positive environment