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Introduction: 16(1) 2024 and Special Issue: The Road Towards UNESCO’s Sustainable Goals Amidst the Pandemic of Covid -19 in Latin America and the Caribbean Higher Education
No full text“It Was Difficult to Understand the System”: Developing A Coordinator role to support international nursing students- A qualitative study
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Realities and Challenges of Internationalizing Administrative Staff in Japanese Universities
No full text“What Does Critical Thinking Mean to You?” A Narrative Inquiry of Graduate Students’ Perceptions
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Using single cell genomics to explore the impact of marine viruses on microbial respiration.
No full textViral metabolic reprograming of marine prokaryotes, through the use of virally encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), plays a critical role in marine ecosystem function by influencing biochemical cycles and genetic diversity in these environments. Despite the fundamental role viruses play in global environmental ecosystems, they remain an understudied aspect of microbial ecology and evolution, in part due to the methods available for studying virus host interactions in natural systems. Thus far, metagenomic analyses have been used to study the interactions of virus host pairs, but these types of analyses have their limitations in accurately linking viruses to hosts, or culture-based approaches, which are limited in their representation of natural environments (1, 2). To this end, single cell genomics can be used to increase the resolution of these studies by resolving limitations posed by traditional methods of investigation in their ability to directly link virus host pairs and through direct collection of cells that results in a more accurate representation of natural environments. Here we demonstrate a potential use of the pairing of single cell genomes with phenotypic measurements of respiration for those individual cells, to study the relationship between the presence of virally encoded AMGs and phenotypic characteristics of their host. We identified 2 virally encoded AMGS involved in cellular energy and respiration pathways that may play a role in altering the oxygen consumption of the host
The Promise of Contract Pluralism
No full textMany contract theorists argue that contracts are promises. This view is appealing because it can justify the institution of contract law—contract law allows parties to vindicate their promissory rights. But contract-as-promise advocates have seriously misunderstood how promises work. They assume a cartoon version of promises, one that is overly abstract, individualistic, and is singularly fixated on the obligation to do what one promised. Such theorists have failed to adequately attend to other important dimensions of promises: How stringent is the promise? Under what conditions is a person obligated to perform? How is an agent entitled to respond to a breach? How should a promisee respond to a request for release? When should a promisee agree to renegotiate? These features of promissory morality vary radically across different kinds of human relationships—e.g., marriage, friendship, employment, parenting, and commercial bargains. This is an important result for contract theory. Courts routinely invoke the idea of a general, uniform set of contract principles applicable to all contracts. But if promissory morality doesn’t justify applying uniform contract principles across different contracting relationships, then likely nothing does. We should thus liberate ourselves from the idea of general contract principles and embrace a kind of contractual pluralism
The Current State of Guardianship Law Furthering a Need for Supported Decision-Making in Connecticut
No full textDespite living in a society that values autonomy and individual thought, people with disabilities in the United States are continually subjected to oppression and discrimination, often in the name of a “well-intentioned” paternalistic desire to protect such individuals. Legally recognized protective orders, including guardianships and conservatorships, are often used to restrict the autonomy of people with disabilities, including individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities, individuals with mental health disorders, and aging individuals experiencing Alzheimer’s or other degenerative diseases that have the ability to impact an individual’s cognitive functioning. While guardianships and conservatorships may be appropriate in a number of circumstances, for the majority of the disability community, such mechanisms are overbroad, stripping people with disabilities of the ability to make decisions regarding their own legal, health, financial, and personal affairs.
In an attempt to promote substantial reform in guardianship law, this Note discusses a more appropriate, and less restrictive, tool: Supported Decision-Making, which enables people with disabilities to practice self-determination skills and maintain their own autonomy while being supported by trusted individuals of their choosing, who can provide them with relevant information to make an informed choice. This Note identifies the current state of guardianship law in the state of Connecticut, the value of Supported Decision-Making as exemplified by real users, and the potential avenues Connecticut can take to formally recognize Supported Decision-Making and increase its use, with or without a statute
Practiced Peril: The Flawed Role of Experience in Accidental Death Determinations
No full textWords often carry an intuitive meaning that defies explicit definition. While this vagueness typically poses no issue in our daily lives, it presents distinct challenges within the legal realm where words and their definitions wield the power to influence the course of justice. One abstract concept is notoriously elusive: what is an accident? Despite the apparent simplicity of identifying what is commonly understood implicitly, there are inherent challenges in “giving substance to a concept which is largely intuitive.”
The Wickman framework was crafted to navigate these challenges, recognizing that an insured’s background, experience, and skill in a particular activity may shape their perception of risk. However, with this deference comes the potential for imbalance—under Wickman, it’s not the average person’s viewpoint that matters, but rather how the insured, with their unique characteristics, interprets the danger.
When applying the framework, a focal point has emerged: the significance of prior successful practice of the ultimately fatal activity. If an insured has previously engaged in the activity and survived, subsequent death from that activity is often deemed accidental because prior survival indicates a subjective belief of continued survival. The existence of prior successful practice weighs heavily on the court’s perspective of the chain of events and, thus, its determination of accidental death. This becomes complicated when analyzing fatal first-time undertakings, i.e. intentional acts not committed by the insured before that which ultimately caused their death, leading to questions about the temporal and experiential aspects of the insured’s actions