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The End of International Migration? The Case of North America
No full textAlthough there are exceptions (forced migration and retirement migration, for example), international migration is largely driven by people of working age. Population forecasts to the year 2100 show that the numbers of people of working age (20-64) will diminish in North America (Canada, Mexico, and the United States), and dramatically diminish among those of the younger working ages (20-34 and 35-44). Underlying this expectation is the fact that North America, like the world as a whole, will have completed the demographic transition or be very close to completing it within 75 years, which means this region of the world will have an aged population. This process will diminish the number of people prone to migrate across national borders. Given expected population ageing trends and no dramatic reversals in fertility levels, the continued diminishment of the agerelated sources of migration may well lead to the result that international migration will not play much of a role as a component of national population change after the year 2100. This paper examines this possible outcome in the form of a case study of North America that examines data (population projections by age from 2025 to 2050 and 2100) and graphs (population pyramids for 2025, 2050, and 2100) in terms of the expected changes in the working age population in the years 2050 and 2100 relative to 2025. We conclude with a discussion and suggest that the effect of population ageing on international migration flows deserves more than the scant attention it has received
2025 Commencement School of Public Health Ceremony Video
No full textVideo presentation of the PSU-OHSU School of Public Health commencement ceremony, held June 14, 2025, at the Viking Pavilion at Portland State University.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/commencement_2020s/1016/thumbnail.jp
2025 Commencement College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Afternoon Ceremony Video
No full textVideo presentation of the PSU College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Commencement afternoon ceremony, held June 15, 2025, at the Viking Pavilion at Portland State University.
The departments participating in this ceremony included Applied Linguistics; Black Studies; Chicanx/Latinx Studies; Communication; Conflict Resolution; English; History; Indigenous Nations Studies; Judaic Studies; Philosophy; Sociology; Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies; and World Languages & Literatures. The interdisciplinary majors participating in this ceremony were Arts & Letters; Liberal Studies; and Social Science.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/commencement_2020s/1019/thumbnail.jp
Functional Ecology of Antarctic Flora
No full textAntarctic mosses play foundational roles in terrestrial ecosystem processes, yet their functional ecology remains poorly understood. This study developed a novel functional trait-based framework for dominant moss species across glacier retreat gradients in the South Shetland Islands, addressing a critical gap in Antarctic bryophyte ecology. Nutrient- and water-related traits were measured for four moss species--Polytrichastrum alpinum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Sanionia uncinata, and Syntrichia saxicola--along with Deschampsia antarctica, across nine sites spanning early to late successional stages. Results revealed strong interspecific trait differentiation: P. alpinum exhibited conservative nutrient-use and rapid water-uptake strategies; S. uncinata and B. pseudotriquetrum displayed high water-holding capacities and nutrient content potentially linked to enhanced nutrient cycling and moisture buffering; S. saxicola showed traits favoring desiccation tolerance. Intraspecific trait plasticity was substantial for micronutrient traits but lower for water-related traits, suggesting species-specific capacities to respond to heterogeneous Antarctic environments. Hierarchical clustering identified four nutrient-related and five water-related functional groups, of which three and four, respectively, potentially aligned with ecologically meaningful strategies. Nutrient-related groups reflected potential contributions to carbon storage, nitrogen facilitation, and nutrient turnover; water-related groups indicated contrasting roles in water retention and desiccation tolerance. These findings provide the first empirical basis for linking Antarctic moss functional traits to ecosystem processes such as carbon accumulation, nutrient cycling, and microhabitat stabilization. As climate-driven greening accelerates in Antarctica, trait-based frameworks offer valuable tools for predicting the functional trajectories of expanding cryptogam-dominated ecosystems
Coupling the Parflow Integrated Hydrology Model Within the NASA Land Information System: a Case Study over the Upper Colorado River Basin
No full textUnderstanding, observing, and simulating Earth\u27s water cycle is imperative for effective water resource management in the face of a changing climate. While NASA\u27s Land Information System (LIS)/Noah-MP is widely used for land surface modeling, its ability to represent groundwater processes is limited. In contrast, the ParFlow hydrologic model explicitly simulates subsurface water movement. This study explores the effectiveness and usefulness of the newly coupled modeling framework, ParFlow-LIS/Noah-MP (PF-LIS/Noah-MP) over the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). The framework integrates the strengths of both models to provide a physically based representation of surface and subsurface processes and their interactions. Unlike standalone LIS/Noah-MP, the coupled system enables three-dimensional groundwater flow simulations by solving the Richards\u27 equation, improving the realism of subsurface hydrologic processes. We evaluate PF-LIS/Noah-MP over the UCRB by comparing its simulations against in-situ and satellite observations, including soil moisture, streamflow, and groundwater storage. In general, the results show that PF-LIS/Noah-MP produces soil moisture simulations comparable to those of LIS/Noah-MP across the entire UCRB, with nearly identical root mean squared error and correlation coefficients. However, further analysis – when these metrics are averaged over areas with complex topography – revealed that in regions with high elevation gradients, PF-LIS/Noah-MP slightly outperforms standalone LIS/Noah-MP in soil moisture simulation.
The coupled model\u27s ability to simulate groundwater storage and lateral subsurface flow introduces new hydrologic prediction capabilities that were not possible within the standalone LIS/Noah-MP model
“migration Craziness!” Financial Turbulence and Transnational Families in Sri Lanka
No full textWhy might three relatively well-off, middle-class, young adults from Sri Lanka chose to leave their parents and their village to emigrate to Australia and Italy? Why would these men and women give up promising careers and comfortable homes to start over elsewhere and endure the hardship of an immigrant’s deskilled and displaced life? To understand their decisions, I rely on anthropology’s holistic perspective to help me stitch together intimate details about family choices within a context of global economic structures and national politics. I have done ethnographic research in the village that I call “Naeaegama” since 1992. I have studied labor migration from Sri Lanka to the Persian Gulf, where many women went to work as “housemaids” in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates.
I have also written about aging and care work. When Sri Lanka dissolved into an economic crisis in early 2022, I followed the news with shock and sorrow. Hundreds of thousands of people left the country, in new patterns, with new destinations, with wide-ranging implications for local families, especially older adults. The situation illustrates how kin groups adapt and help members respond to thorny circumstances. Let’s look at three of their stories
Costly Compliance: Stipulated Agreements in Oregon’s Nonpayment Eviction Cases
No full textIn Oregon, stipulated agreements are court-enforced agreements that dictate the terms and conditions under which an eviction case can be dismissed. Stipulated agreements are court-enforced agreements that landlords and tenants enter into during the course of the eviction process instead of going to trial. If all the terms of the agreement are not met, the landlord can seek a swift judgment of eviction against the tenant. These types of agreements are often touted as a successful form of post-filing eviction diversion; however, very little is known about the terms and outcomes of these cases
The Silk Butterfly Effect: Japan and the United States 1853-1941
No full textThis study examines the rise and fall of the silk industry in both the United States and Japan in the first half of the twentieth century. While silk had been a valuable commodity for millennia for royalty, aristocrats, and the extremely wealthy, the opening of Japan\u27s ports in 1853 soon made silk more accessible to lower classes around the world.
Consequently, Japan\u27s newfound wealth catapulted her status among other rich and powerful nations. Japan\u27s military might, financed in large part by the silk trade and displayed by her victory over Russia in 1905, earned her even more prestige on the world stage. Japanese politics, society, cultural traditions and way of life were unpredictably changed forever by not only the influx of Western ideas and technology, but also by the expansion of the silk trade.
The United States demanded more and more of what Japan had to offer: silk. There were large markets in the United States for yard goods, silk ties and decorative ribbons. However, the hunger for raw silk was fueled most of all by the need to produce silk stockings, a staple in the world of women\u27s fashion. Once the quality of Japan\u27s raw silk complied with American standards, the United States became Japan\u27s most lucrative customer and provided thousands of people with employment in both countries that directly related to the silk industry.
When Japan began to expand its sphere of influence in 1931, the United States was concerned but opted to maintain neutrality in world conflicts. However, after what has become known as the Rape of Nanking by Japan in 1937, Americans, mostly women, banded together to boycott Japanese raw silk with the goal of slowing down or stopping Japanese aggression in China. There is no evidence to indicate these goals were even partially achieved but we do know that as the possibility of war escalated, government sanctions and trade restrictions were imposed on Japan by the United States and her allies. Nevertheless, the silk boycotts did impact Japan and the United States in many other unforeseen ways and helped shape modern culture and society in both countries
The Answer to Perimenstrual Distress is Not Automatically Prescription: Review of Allopathic and Integrative Approaches to Mental Health Care for PMS & PMDD Symptoms
No full textPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affect a notable percentage of people who menstruate. PMS/PMDD have a wide range of symptoms that negatively impact mental well-being and quality of life. This review is the culmination of a database search to review current allopathic treatments for PMS/PMDD, which often include oral contraceptives and antidepressants, and explore evidence-based methods for integrative and alternative treatments to address some of the limitations of standard allopathic care, including limitations on which symptoms they address and side effects. This paper aims to examine how integrative medicine may expand existing treatments for PMS and PMDD symptoms, with a focus on mental health care. It was discovered that integrative treatments, such as medicinal plants, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acupuncture, may be used instead of or in combination with allopathic approaches to more comprehensively address mental health symptoms, individualize treatment and mitigate treatment side effects. This is necessary to provide effective mental health care to all people who menstruate who wish to address PMS/PMDD symptoms
Understanding Young Adolescent Identity and Experiences Through Internal Dimensions: A Scoping Review
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to explore multiple facets of young adolescent identity and related experiences through a scoping literature review. Based on Gardenswartz and Rowe’s Four Layers of Diversity Model, we specifically examined extant literature around five of the internal dimensions: gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, and physical ability. Two overarching research questions guided this investigation: What is the range and nature of current findings on young adolescent identity and experience? What gaps exist in research on young adolescent identity and experiences? To address these research questions, our research group conducted a scoping literature review using predetermined search strings related to young adolescents, identity, and experiences. We organized and presented our results in three sections: (a) gender and sexuality, (b) race and ethnicity, and (c) physical ability and disability. For each section, we specified the relevant research details, summarized the nature and characteristics of articles reviewed in a table, and described the themes derived from the reviews of literature. An overall finding was the dearth of research on young adolescent identity and experiences. Our research highlights the importance of an intersectional approach for understanding and studying the totality of young adolescent identity and experiences