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Investigating Key Structures in Protective Scenes for LLMs
Get PDFThis research delves into the realm of protective scenes within Large Language Models (LLMs), exploring their impact on bias mitigation, deception, and context preservation. The study investigates the use of roleplay prompting human-like behavior and reasoning in LLMs, focusing on the Character-LLM framework\u27s concept of protective scenes with graduated levels of protection. By combining insights from psychology, cognitive science, and computational analysis, this research aims to develop a framework for understanding how protective scenes influence roleplay performance in LLMs, ultimately contributing to the development of more reliable and ethical AI systems
The Role of Homocysteine Redox Chemistry in Biomolecular Mechanisms
No full textHomocysteine at elevated levels is a well-known independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, it is still unclear, after large scale clinical trials, involving tens of thousands of patients, whether homocysteine is a disease mediator or marker. The disconnect between the basic science showing the association of homocysteine with cardiovascular disease and the outcomes of clinical trials based on vitamin therapy for homocysteine lowering, highlights the need for insights into the molecular mechanisms linking homocysteine to cardiovascular disease and other pathologies. For example, elevated homocysteine levels have also been associated with risk for stroke, venous thromboembolism, Alzheimer\u27s disease, neural tube defects, complications during pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis, as well as several additional major disorders.
This project\u27s overall objective is to determine the relationship between homocysteine redox chemistry and molecular mechanisms related to disease. The overall hypothesis of this project is that homocysteine redox chemistry involves an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer, which is promoted by free and bound copper as well as dehydroascorbic acid.
In keeping with the hypothesis, we herein have provided evidence for the homocysteine redox interaction with biological oxidants to occur via the kinetically favored formation of the strongly reducing and relatively toxic alpha carbon-radical of homocysteine. Additionally, we have shown this hydrogen atom transfer mechanism to occur in homocysteine-containing peptides promoted by protein bound-copper in human serum albumin under physiologically relevant concentrations and conditions
Commensality in the Eateries of Roman Pompeii
Get PDFDespite a nearly 300-year excavation history at Pompeii and many identified eating and drinking establishments, social behavior in these public or semi-public spaces has eluded significant research. Elite Roman literature is the traditional guideline for understanding Roman mealtimes and what they meant for social behavior. This literature, however, fails to accurately represent its sub-elite inhabitants. These sub-elites of Rome largely had their meals prepared outside of their homes. Pompeii is no exception and provides a massive boon for researchers willing to consider archaeological evidence. The buildings and evidence buried at Pompeii have ultimately shown a wide array of tabernae related to food and drink consumption, which are typically understood as cauponae, popinae, or thermopolia in the archaeological record.
This thesis intends to explore the role that eateries played in the social landscape of Pompeii, particularly in consideration of how these spaces influenced or were influenced by social behavior. An understanding of human social behavior at an anthropological, biological, and historical level is integral to interpreting this research and as such a recent multi-disciplinary study in social commensality provides a sturdy foundation. Modern histories and ancient literature involving social commensality alike help to corroborate this study and provide necessary context. From all available eateries in Pompeii, ten were chosen as the basis of this study due to their diversity and usefulness of evidence they provide. These eateries are then analyzed in terms of the archaeological evidence available that points to consumption and social behavior. Ultimately, this thesis argues that many of the eateries of Pompeii were both social in nature and facilitated social behavior
Health Checks for Autistic Adults: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Get PDFBackground Autistic people commonly have physical and mental health conditions. They also frequently experience barriers to accessing healthcare, contributing to problems identifying and treating health conditions. These factors may lead to increased and earlier morbidity and lower average life expectancy for autistic people. Health checks specifically designed for autistic people, incorporating adjustments to healthcare, may help to overcome these barriers and reduce health inequalities. This trial aims to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a primary care health check for autistic adults and explore factors related to implementation such as acceptability and feasibility of delivery. The trial is co-designed and delivered by health professionals, autistic people, carers and supporters, and researchers.
Methods This is a clinical and cost-effectiveness, cluster randomised controlled trial of a primary care health check for autistic adults. Primary care practices will be randomised into one of two groups (intervention or control). Two hundred autistic adults (aged 18 years and over) who provide baseline data will be recruited via participating practices. Data will be collected through quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary outcome will be the incidence of new health needs/conditions detected and met at 9 months (data gathered from participant’s GP records). Secondary outcomes will include the following: cost-effectiveness, measured as incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained over 9 months; the extent of health monitoring and health promotion needs met at 9 months; the incidence of social care needs identified at 9 months; changes in participant or carer general health; changes in quality of life; primary and secondary health and social care resource usage and costs. A qualitative study will explore views about the acceptability of the health check, its utility and future use.
Discussion This study will examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a primary care health check for autistic adults in identifying new health conditions and needs. If the intervention is effective, it would provide strong evidence for implementation into routine healthcare, therefore enabling earlier health condition diagnosis and opportunities for treatment, reducing the health inequalities experienced by autistic people
Oregon State Rank Assessment for Western Marsh-rosemary (Limonium californicum)
Get PDFOregon state conservation status assessment for western marsh-rosemary (Limonium californicum) using NatureServe methodology, 2025
Oregon State Rank Assessment for Cascade Rockcress (Boechera cascadensis)
Get PDFOregon state conservation status assessment for Cascade rockcress (Boechera cascadensis) using NatureServe methodology, 2025
Book Review: Global-National Networks in Education Policy: Primary Education, Social Enterprises and \u27teach for Bangladesh\u27
Get PDFGlobal-national networks in education policy: primary education, social enterprises and ‘Teach for Bangladesh’ by Rino Wiseman Adhikary, Bob Lingard and Ian Hardy, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2023, 220 pp., £95.00 (hardback), ISBN 978135016918
Language, People, Classrooms, World: Blending Disparate Theories for United Language Education Practices
Get PDFWith a forward‐looking and problem‐solving mindset, this article aims to combine theoretical knowledge and empirical evidence from different schools of thought in the field of second language (L2) learning and teaching—namely, instructed second language acquisition, generative linguistics, and an ecological perspective that includes multiple frameworks. Acknowledging numerous fundamental differences in our theoretical and methodological perspectives on how to conduct research, we are united on two fronts: First, we believe that researchers with differing theoretical commitments can and should work together to advance L2 research. Second, differing theoretical beliefs are potentially of limited relevance to those who will implement our pedagogical suggestions, that is, practitioners. In this article, we first present our individual perspectives regarding L2 learning and teaching (Perspective 1 by Michel and Sato, Perspective 2 by Alexopoulou, and Perspective 3 by Thorne and Hellermann). In the final section of the article, we unite our voices by prioritizing the educational practices upon which we agree, including the fact that all L2 learners bring their individual backgrounds into the classroom, the necessity of L2 use for L2 learning, and the role of L2 education for people\u27s overall quality of life
Geotechnical Centrifuge Test of a Pile-Supported Wharf in Silt (Test AEP01)
Get PDFThere have been many documented cases in the U.S. and elsewhere of failure to ports, wharves, and bridges during seismic events due to liquefaction of soils adjacent to foundations. The major design guidelines for surface and maritime transportation structures, such as those offered in ASCE 61-14, Port of Anchorage Seismic Design Manual (POA 2017), AASHTO (2020), Caltrans (2012), and many others, differ considerably on the recommendations for combining the expected inertial and kinematic loads on the pile system. This knowledge gap becomes wider for pile foundations embedded in low plasticity silt, as varying opinions exist on the appropriate characterization of its cyclic behavior (Boulanger and Idriss 2006; Bray and Sancio 2006).
To investigate the response of a pile-supported wharf embedded in silty soil and subjected to inertial and kinematic loading, via the dynamic response of the wharf deck and the liquefaction-induced lateral spreading of the surrounding soils, respectively, a full-scale centrifuge test (AEP01) was performed at the Center for Geotechnical Modeling (CGM) at the University of California Davis (UCD). This centrifuge model was built and tested between July and October of 2024 and contained over 120 sensors to monitor various soil behaviors and structural mechanisms during the application of several ground motions. All data collected from this test will be made available through the Natural Hazard Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) DesignSafe website
AcademyHealth - 2024 Data Visualization Winners
Get PDFSocial determinants of health, such as income, employment, social contexts, and the built environment, influence the risk of food insecurity. Food insecurity can be defined as uncertain access to food and can lead to negative health outcomes like increased risk for obesity, chronic disease, and adverse effects on a child\u27s development and mental health. Drivers like limited physical access to food, limited transportation options, and the quality and access to food assistance programs within local systems perpetuate health disparities—particularly in those communities with populations who have been systematically marginalized. This descriptive study uses 2022 data from the National Health Interview Survey and the County Health Rankings & Roadmaps Project, combining national-level estimates by region and urban/rural status, County-level health outcomes, and food environment data to provide evidence for understanding how to develop interventions and policy changes at the state and federal levels to help reduce risks and promote health