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2023 Oregon Statewide Homelessness Estimates
Get PDFExecutive Summary excerpt:
The Point-In-Time (PIT) count is a census of people experiencing both sheltered and unsheltered homelessness on a single night in January. The federal government requires this as a condition of funding it distributes to Continuums of Care (CoCs), networks of government agencies and service providers that manage homelessness services and funding in specific regions. Oregon has eight CoCs, five of which manage their own PIT count, which leads to variation in methodology and completeness. The PIT count’s accuracy is further reduced because it only captures homelessness on a single night, missing changes throughout the year, and uses a fairly restrictive definition of homelessness limited to “sheltered” (people living in an emergency shelter or some forms of transitional housing) or “unsheltered” (“a place not meant for human habitation”1 such as a sidewalk, tent, car, etc.) Because of these issues with the count, the federal government recommends that it not be relied on as a definitive total and should be used with additional data sources.2 This report summarizes the 2023 PIT count data, as well as the Housing Inventory Count (HIC) data on shelter and housing bed totals for people experiencing or exiting homelessness, as reported by Oregon CoCs. The report also includes the number of children enrolled in Oregon schools who were reported by districts as experiencing homelessness under a definition that includes PIT count criteria as well as children doubled-up with other families by necessity rather than choice. While CoCs report only by Continuum, and schools only by district, here the totals are reported by CoC and county. The 2023 PIT count recorded 20,110 people experiencing homelessness across Oregon on a single night in January, of which 13,004 were unsheltered and 7,106 were sheltered. Homelessness increased by 8.5 percent overall from 2022, with unsheltered homelessness increasing 17.2 percent and sheltered homelessness increasing 4.2 percent. These increases mirror a national trend, with homelessness across the country rising 12 percent from 2022 to 2023, but Oregon had the second-highest rate of unsheltered homelessness (at 65% of all people experiencing homelessness) and the highest rates of family homelessness and unaccompanied, unsheltered youth homelessness.3 In Oregon, Clatsop and Sherman Counties had the highest rates of both overall homelessness and unsheltered homelessness per 1,000 residents (Map 1 and Table 2).4 Multnomah County had the highest total number of people experiencing homelessness (Table 1), but at a lower rate than some rural counties.
Homelessness: A Guide for Public Transportation
No full textUnemployment, low wages, poverty, and lack of affordable housing are the main drivers of an increasing homeless population throughout the U.S. in recent years. Transit agencies are being impacted by homelessness. While transit agencies cannot address the underlying causes of homelessness, there are opportunities to work with local partners to be a part of helping individuals in need, while providing a safe, reliable, and customer-friendly experience for all riders.
TCRP Research Report 242: Homelessness: A Guide for Public Transportation, from TRB\u27s Transit Cooperative Research Program, presents transit agency experiences and lessons learned as they have built on, newly implemented, or are considering programmatic activities that respond to homelessness
Nursing Education and the International Philanthropic Sphere in Interwar Southeast Europe
No full textIn the interwar period, nursing was one of the most mobile women’s occupations. Nursing education became part of the gendered transnational and regional circulation of people, ideas, practices, money, and power relations. These exchanges were facilitated by the international philanthropic sphere. This article seeks to highlight interrelated developments in nursing education in Southeast Europe (Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, and Yugoslavia) within a comparative regional framework. Drawing on multilingual primary sources, I argue that the promotion of professional nursing training was appealing to all Balkan states. However, the success of the international impact varied due to local constellations of factors, such as the influence of national branches of the Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, prior nursing practices and gender norms, royal endorsement, and government involvement. While the international philanthropy contributed to raising the status of nursing, its focus on women as nurses also contributed to maintaining the feminized (and low-paid) dimension of the profession.
Keywords: Eastern Europe, education, League of Red Cross Societies, nursing, Red Cross, Rockefeller Foundation, philanthropy, wome
Interview with Crystal Shoji
No full textCrystal Shoji was interviewed by Hui Rodomsky on October 20, 2023, in Coos Bay, Oregon.
Shoji was a former land use planner for Crook County, Oregon, and a land use planning consultant on the southern Oregon coast. She served as Mayor of Coos Bay, Oregon from 2010 to 2016.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/planoregon_interviews/1067/thumbnail.jp
Shifting Tides: The Evolution of Racial Inequality in Higher Education from the 1980s through the 2010s
Get PDFAmid the proliferation of state-level bans on race-based affirmative action in higher education, the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on June 29, 2023, dismantled race-conscious college admission policies, intensifying concerns about the persistence and potential increase of racial inequality in higher education. The authors analyze four restricted-use national survey datasets to investigate racial disparities in college attendance outcomes from the 1980s through the 2010s. Although college entrance rates increased for all racial groups, Black and Hispanic youth became increasingly less likely than their White peers to attend four-year selective colleges. In the 2010s cohort, Black and Hispanic youth were 8 and 7 percentage points, respectively, less likely than their White counterparts to secure admission to fouryear selective colleges, even after controlling for parents’ income, education, and other family background variables. The findings underscore the urgent need for proactive policy interventions to address the widening racial inequality in attending selective postsecondary institutions
Watershed, Lake, and Food web factors influence diazotrophic cyanobacteria in mountain lakes
Get PDFCyanobacterial blooms can occur in freshwater ecosystems largely isolated from development and not experiencing extensive cultural eutrophication. For example, remote mountain lakes can experience intense blooms of diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) cyanobacteria caused by factors acting at different spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we examined how cross-scale interactions among watershed, lake, and food web characteristics influence diazotrophic cyanobacteria biovolume in mountain lakes. We quantified diazotrophic cyanobacteria biovolume, zooplankton abundance, and physico-chemical variables for 29 lakes in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA, in summer 2019. Watershed characteristics were compiled from historical datasets available for the region. Diazotrophic cyanobacteria biovolume ranged across the lakes from 0 to 1,930,000 μm3 mL−1; Dolichospermum was the most common genus. Random forest models showed that 11 watershed, lake, and food web characteristics explained 76% of the variance in diazotrophic cyanobacteria biovolume among the sampled lakes. Structural equation models suggested that the drainage ratio (i.e., the relative area of the lake to the watershed) was positively related to phosphorus concentrations and, in turn, to diazotroph biovolume. Among lakes, hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen was negatively correlated with diazotroph biovolume, possibly due to the release of nutrients, like phosphate and iron, bound to sediments. In addition, zooplankton grazers were negatively related to diazotrophic cyanobacteria biovolume, potentially reflecting the influence of stocked fish. Thus, lake management must account for bottom-up factors, such as nutrient loading, which is influenced by lake morphometry and watershed size, as well as top-down factors, such as fish stocking, to effectively mitigate diazotrophic cyanobacterial blooms
Panel Discussion: 1000 Friends of Oregon v. LCDC Curry County
No full textRobert Liberty, Jon Jinings, Chuck Nordstrom, and Jerry Herbage engage in a panel discussion on the 1985-86 land use case 1000 Friends of Oregon v. LCDC (Curry County).https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/planoregon_interviews/1069/thumbnail.jp
Contributing Factors to Right-Turn Crash Severity at Signalized Intersections: An Application of Econometric Modeling
Get PDFMotorists are required to interact with both roadway infrastructure and various users. The complexity of the driving task in certain scenarios can influence the frequency and severity of crashes. Turning vehicles at intersections, for example, pose a collision risk for both motorized and non-motorized road users. The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the underlying factors which contribute to right-turn crashes at signalized intersections. Five years of crash data across Oregon were collected. A random parameters binary logit model was developed to predict the likelihood of whether a crash resulted in an injury or fatality. It was found that 14 variables were statistically significant in contributing to crash severity. The results obtained show that dry conditions and a posted speed limit of 30 mi/hr or 35 mi/hr contributed to a higher percentage of severe crashes, while fixedobject crashes and snowy weather had a higher likelihood of resulting in no injury crashes. Time-of-day (9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.), lighting conditions (dusk), gender (male driver), crash type (vehicle–pedestrian and rear-end), and driver-level crash cause (driver sped too fast for conditions, driver did not yield right-of-way, and driver disregarded the traffic control device) all led to an increase in probability of a fatal or injury crash. The vehicle–pedestrian conflict variable had the highest impact on increasing the probability of such a crash while turning right at a signalized intersection. This observation is important because right turns are often permitted during the pedestrian walk and clearance indications, and often drivers do not give right-of-way to pedestrians
Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility During a Pandemic: Evidence from Stock Price Reaction to COVID-19 Related News
No full textInternational studies on corporate social responsibility and firm value suffer from bias associated with the endogeneity between corporate social responsibility and firm valuation. To address this issue, we use the exogenous shock from COVID-19 related corporate social responsibility announcements to investigate the causal link between corporate social responsibility and firm value. Analyzing COVID-19 related corporate social responsibility announcements of S&P1500 firms from didthehelp.com and the scores from CSRHub, the results show that COVID-19 related corporate social responsibility announcements negatively affect market-adjusted returns on the day of the announcements regardless of the nature of the news. However, the interaction terms between the firm-level corporate social responsibility and the COVID-19 related corporate social responsibility announcements are positive and statistically significant, indicating that the negative price reactions are not as severe for companies with strong corporate social responsibility performance. It is concluded that corporate social responsibility can benefit the firm in time of crisis
Inertial Particle Clustering due to turbulence in an air jet
Get PDFExplosive volcanic eruptions create turbulent plumes of fine ash particles. When these particles collide in the presence of moisture and electrostatic fields they combine into larger aggregates, which can significantly change the atmospheric residence time of the airborne cloud. Previous studies have suggested that turbulence may lead to preferential concentration—also known as clustering—of particles within the flow, increasing the likelihood of collisions and aggregation. Few experimental studies have quantified these processes for volcanic plumes. This behavior was investigated using a particle-laden air jet. By systematically varying the exit speed and the size, density, and concentration of particles, flows were produced with Reynolds numbers of 4940 to 19300, Stokes numbers of 1.0 to 17.4 (based on the convective scale), and particle mass loadings of 0.3 to 3.9%. Specific emphasis is placed on two Stokes numbers of 1.9 and 17.4, which differ by nearly an order of magnitude. Particle image velocimetry was employed to measure the velocity distribution within a two-dimensional rectangular region along the jet centerline in each experiment. Voronoï decomposition was used to quantify the extent of preferential concentration by measuring the distribution of cell sizes around each individual particle. Results show that particles exhibit clustering behavior when Stokes numbers are close to 1. We also measured the radial distribution functions (RDFs) to quantify the likelihood of particle collisions. At low Stokes number, the RDF magnitude was significantly higher, which corresponds to increased collision frequency in the particle-laden jet. Computational analysis finds that increasing the RDF by a factor of 20 results in a doubling of peak aggregate size. These findings demonstrate that preferential concentration due to turbulent structures could have important effects on collision frequencies, ash aggregation, and electrification in volcanic plumes