National Institute for Space Research
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Variabilidade do campo de TSM na região costeira do RJ e ES em relação a índices climáticos globais
No full textThis study used empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to characterize the variability modes of sea surface temperature (SST) on the continental shelf and slope of Rio de Janeiro and south of Espírito Santo, between 2002 and 2012. We used calculated monthly averages (n=123 months) of SST MUR (Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution). This dataset is distributed by NASA/JPL. By means of wavelet analysis has been possible to verify some of the periods associated with the variability modes. Five modes of variability were analyzed, the first accounting for 72,9% of the total variance. This mode was associated with strong fluctuations in temperature anomaly south of Rio de Janeiro, showing high correlation with MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index) and ONI (Oceanic Niño Index). Other modes were tentatively related, due to spatial resemblance, with coastal upwelling (third EOF) and a Brazil Current eddy (fifth EOF).Pages: 7832-783
Caracterização de unidades de vegetação através da utilização de SIG: proposição de trilhas interpretativas no município de São João da Ponta-PA
No full textEnvironmental degradation experienced early this century XXI becomes the center of many discussions and the need for solutions to this problem is evident. In this context, the environmental education starting with a local scale constitutes an important tool for action. Trying to contribute to this care with the environment, this study aimed the characterization of vegetation units to delimit the best areas for implantation of interpretative trails in the city of São João da Ponta-PA/Brazil, through the utilization of geoprocessing techniques, which made possible this analysis. The remote sensing allowed a better knowledge of land cover and mainly of vegetation, without this technology would be very difficult to get good results. From the characterization of the vegetation units was possible verify that the best areas to implantation of interpretative trails are lowland and mangrove. The interpretative trails, as an ecotourism activity, have a great potential in this place considering the fact that this city is home to a large Conservation Unit, denominated Resex Marinha de São João da Ponta, where the vegetation is characteristically mangrove. So those trails could be important tool not only for environmental education but also for the consolidation of a new land use in the city and that may enable generation of income for local people.Pages: 4753-476
Estrutura da paisagem e qualidade de fragmentos: análise integrada em uma área de Mata Atlântica, no Rio de Janeiro
No full textResearch is needed to achieve conditions to create a landscape structure that allows sustainable management of natural resources, conservation of biodiversity, and the socioeconomic viability of rural areas. To support planning methods to this end, this work was developed aiming to analyze the relationship between the quality of fragments and structural features of the landscape, considering land use around it. The methodology was applied to six forest patches in the watershed of Guapi-Macacu river, in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro State. Thirteen variables related to the structure of the landscape were selected, one of which concerning the agricultural use in their boundaries. Another 13 indicators of patch quality was selected, resulting from surveys of species composition and floristic structure. The variables were divided in two groups for the correlation analysis in pairs, one group of explanatory variables that includes structural features of the landscape, and response variables which are the indicators of patch quality. A multivariate method of canonical ordination, RDA, that allows testing the correlation between two groups of variables, was applied. Despite of the insignificant correlation of the explanatory variables, the multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation detected between the agricultural use in the patches boundaries and the response variables (p = 0,0460). The results, either in univariate or multivariate analysis show the possible influence of land use in patches' boundaries affecting their quality and the influence of landscape structure in some attributes of the floristic structure of the patches. They indicate the importance of continuing studies to evaluate these effects aiming to a better understanding of the phenomenon.Pages: 6814-682
Análise de classificadores para mapeamento de uso e cobertura do solo
No full textLand Use and Land Cover (LULC) maps have been developed in order to guide decision-making upon spatial data. This allows the construction of indicators for assessing the support capacity of the environment. In the present work, a map of land cover and use was developed with a TM-Landsat-5 image beyond a multispectral classification scheme. Methods of classification available in the software SPRING were tested to evaluate their performance in organize the study area based on five thematic classes defined by FAO. A reference map was developed by an interpreter based on visual classification aided with high-resolution images from Google Earth. Sample points were selected for comparison between the reference map and the ones automatically classified, and the performance of the classifying methods was evaluated based on the percentage of rights. The Isoseg has the best percentage (83,79%) of rights, but since it is a non-supervised classificator, it separates the scene into much more themes than the others, so we have to remap these themes into the original classes of FAO. Thats why Bhattacharya was considered the best method with 77,25% of rights. A class named antrophic was the one with the worst performance probably because some objects can get mixed up with the spectral response of soil prepared for cultivation. The methods in general can perform well, but in fact they should be used with the aid of interpreter knowledge and knowing the precision its required for the work.Pages: 2424-243
Contribuição à Gestão Ambiental da Extração de Basalto em Nova Prata, RS: Mapas de APPs e mineração
No full textThe mining of basalt, started at about 70 years in the counties of northeastern Rio Grande do Sul. This type of explotation occurs intensively and scattered in small quarries, as well as its environmental impacts are widespread. For the application of the methodology of analysis, was chosen the county of Nova Prata, located at the coordinates 28 \ub0 47'S and 51 \ub0 36 'W. The region shows a relief of hills and valleys on the edge of the Serra Geral. The main environmental impacts and liabilities generated are located together at mining sites, including the disposal of tailings into valleys and accumulation of material in the drains. Currently the activity is suffering with their environmental impacts of recent past, what makes it difficult to obtain environmental new permits. The objective of this study was to know the spatial distribution way of the activity, especially correlating these with the Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), order to qualify the actions of environmental control of mining. The mining areas were identified through observation of Google Earth images. The APPs were determined on topographic maps at 1:50,000 scale. The mining areas and APPs were superimposed at the geological map of the flows of volcanic rock, which also mapped the flow with the potential mining of quarry. The city of Nova Prata was chosen to apply the methodology of analysis. It was found that approximately 70% of geological potential for extracting basalt is in areas outside APP. This indicates the feasibility of continuing the study of environmental zoning of mining.Pages: 3803-381
Avaliação do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal natural da bacia hidrográfica do rio Turvo e rio dos Bois - Goiás/ Brasil
No full textImportant biomes areas potentially threatened require the management of their resources and the geotechnologies (Remote Sensing, GIS, PDI, etc.) are important tools for this purpose. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the land use and natural vegetation of the river basin of Turvo and Bois rivers Goiás state/Brazil. The mapping of land use was accomplished using the methodology of automatic segmentation (Idrisi Taiga), associated with visual interpretation and classification (ArcGis 9.2) mosaic with color compositions (4R5G3B) of satellite images TM/Landsat-5 (August/2010) that cover the basin area (Envi 4.3). The classes identified were: natural vegetation cover, reforestation, sugar cane, irrigated crops (pivot), annual crops, pasture, urban area and water body. This mapping was validated by Kappas statistics method. The research results allowed us to observe that the predominant use classes in this area are: annual crops (48%), natural vegetation cover (25.7%) and pasture (16.6%). In the whole, it was possible to verify that 25.7% of the studied area are still covered by native vegetation while 74% have suffered some kind of anthropic influence. The geotechnologies used in the research were satisfactory for the mapping and evaluation of the environmental conditions of the studied area in order to preserve the natural resources that have not been degraded by human action.Pages: 7594-760
Bacias hidrográficas urbanas e a problemática das inundações. Estudo de caso: bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cachoeira - Joinville/SC
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the susceptibility of flood occurrence in Cachoeira River watershed Joinville / SC. By this way, it was done an evaluation and also produced thematic maps for some environmental parameters, that conditioning the flooding process in the urban watershed at Joinville, city / SC. The parameters considered were: slope, soil types, geomorphology, land use and occupation. For each parameter it was assigned one weight, according to their contribution to flooding phenomenon. The Geographic Information System (GIS), was used as the main procedure for overlap and cross thematic layers, applying the weighted average algorithm. As graphic result it was obtained the thematic map with definitions of flooding susceptible areas in the watershed of Cachoeira River Joinville / SC. The areas most susceptible to flood occurrence were those at the bottom of the watershed, especially near the Babitonga Bay, where the heights and slopes are lower. This scenario leads us to consider the tidal lowland, which has a strong influence of flooding occurrence from astronomical and meteorological tides. The use of geotechnology to systematize and analyze the parameters involved in the process was efficient, and allowed the integration of datas from different sources, aiming to understand the susceptibility of flooding process in the studied area.Pages: 4048-405
O uso do geoprocessamento na segurança pública do Estado do Paraná
No full textThis article discusses the use of Geoprocessing in Public Safety of the State of Paraná, through the Coordination Analysis and Strategic Planning (CAPE), the possibilities and the advances that have brought the use of this technology for the management of human and material resources and possible changes within the police agencies during the execution of the activities of the public security of the cities of Paraná.Pages: 4776-478
Geoprocessamento como um instrumento para a gestão dos recursos hídricos e gestão territorial nas microbacias Foz Ribeirão dos Pereiras/Rio Anicuns e Microbacia Ribeirão dos Pereiras - Goiás
No full textThe water systems although essential for maintain life, have been negatively impacted by human action. The complexity of interactions between use and occupation of land and water resources makes imminent the necessity for integrated management. Therefore it is necessary to know the local potential of the region and the way that man has used it, so that guidelines be applied water management and territorial management, with technical criteria which ensure the sustainable exploitation of the region. Aiming at contributing to the integration between water management and territorial management/environmental, this study aims to evaluate the use of Geoprocessing through an analysis exploratory of uses and occupations of the soil and its possible effects on water resources. This study was done in Foz Ribeirão Pereiras/Anicuns River Microbasin and the Ribeirão Pereiras Microbasin located in the State of Goiás, more precisely in the South-Central region. Were analyzed maps of the road network, types and land uses. This allowed the use of Geoprocessing as a tool data collection and decision making addition to allowing the knowledge of the potential impacts on water resources in these microbasins, which are intimately related to agricultural and pecuaria exploitation. Thus the data generated in this study can serve as subsidies to environmental agencies make decisions about the preservation of these areas.Pages: 4601-460
Mapa de risco nacional de doenças relacionadas a variáveis de tempo e clima através de um índice espaço-temporal de prioridade de atenção baseado em casos notificados
No full textAmongst the various types of disasters, natural or issues related to human action, those originated from biological factors, such as epidemics, highlight the complex relationship health-environment-climate. Despite the significant reduction in mortality from infectious diseases, is still very large impact morbidity of these diseases in the Brazilian population. This work presents and uses a spatio-temporal statistical index to define attention levels for diseases like Dengue, Malaria, Schistosomiasis, Leptospirosis, Visceral Leishmaniasis and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The work methodology was: every Brazilian federative unit (UF) was classified according to spatial and time patterns for these diseases incidence. The results were specialized in a Geographic Information System. As major results, Leptospirosis reached the highest warning level in most UFs, Dengue and Leishmaniasis showed no green level (low attention required). With this method, Leishmaniasis is a disease that spreads over the national territory. In addition, none of the UFs was classified for more then two diseases as highest attention level. This work points to an expected national integrated monitoring system which could analyze climate and weather forecast data and population issues, such as morbidity in different scales and sociodemographic characteristics. The early analysis of risk may support the design of prompt answer plannings to early detected outbreaks.Pages: 8576-858