National Institute for Space Research
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Detecção de slope streaks em imagens da superfície de Marte
No full textSlope streaks are dark, narrow, fan-shaped features which extend down slope on Martian surface. They often exhibit a low-albedo and are seen in equatorial regions. The nature of slope streaks remains uncertain. On the basis of observed morphologies, two types of models have been proposed: dry mass movement in the form of dust avalanches and wet liquid flow that transport, lubricates or stains the surface material. To date, over 200 new slope streaks have been detected and documented. While many new streaks have been documented, no disappearing streaks had ever been observed. Although there are a considerable number of researchers studying this phenomenon, their detection is still performed manually by specialists. Until the moment, the approaches of automated identification of Martian surface phenomena focus only on craters, valleys and trails of dust devils. In regard, the aim of this paper is to perform initial tests for automatic detection of slope streaks in digital images of the Mars planet. Therefore, were applied in test areas, morphological filtering to eliminate the gradient lighting and then the images were binarized. The results can be used to understand the basic properties of this planet, for example, a cycle of dust, water cycle and climate change in scale of hundreds of years.Pages: 8062-806
Detecção de mudanças na costa de manguezais da amazônia a partir de imagens multisensores e abordagem orientada a objetos
No full textIn recent years, the degradation of mangroves has been occurring more frequently due to plundering of their natural resources, land planning and poorly planned tourist activities. Through remote sensors can map huge areas more quickly and efficiently. This study aimed to map the distribution of mangrove areas Bay Marajó (PA) to the bay of São Jose de Ribamar (MA) in 1996 and 2008 from remote sensing data (ALOS / PALSAR, JERS-1, SRTM and LANDSAT 5 TM). To perform the classification of images was used the logic of object-oriented classification. The result of the quantification of mangroves was 6705.05 km² (1996) and 7423.60 km² (2008) which shows a net increase in mangrove area of 718.55 km². The change detection map allowed an additional total of 1931.04 km², a total erosion of 1212.49 km², remains an area of 5492.56 km² of mangrove unchanged.Pages: 3472-347
Identificação de padrões de manejo florestal em talhões de Pinus em imagens TM com o uso do Modelo Linear de Mistura Espectral
No full textAs in agriculture, forestry market statistics and forecasts are very important, especially in periods of market stagnation, as it occurs on the past few years, allowing the equilibrium price of inputs and for forest products. Thus, this paper aimed to detect patterns of systematic management and cutting in Pinus sp. We evaluated four stands of Pinus unknown ages using the MLME (linear spectral mixture modeling technique) using TM (Thematic Mapper) data from Landsat-5 satellite.Therefore, the variation of the vegetation, soil and shade fractions were observed over an experimental area in the period from 2001 to 2011. It was possible to detect systematic and selective cutting management patterns using both shade and soil fractions. Also, the systematic cutting has been validated with high resolution imagery. According to this study, we analyze patterns of management on stands of Pinus using the Linear Spectral Mixture. To identify these patterns, the fraction shadow can be used to analyze the use of the first systematic handling while the fraction soil can be used to analyze the second management systematic and also to manage selective.At future studies we should be able to correlate vegetation indices to the shade fraction and analyze their variation alongside the vegetation removal.Pages: 7117-712
Desmatamento em Unidades de Conservação de Proteção Integral: O caso da Reserva Biológica do Gurupi - MA
No full textThis study conducted by Information Systems Geotecnológicos (Remote Sensing, Digital Image Processing and Geographic Information System), aimed to conduct an assessment of deforestation in the Gurupi Biological Reserve, located in the State of Maranhão, between areas of the Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga. To develop this study thematic and cartographic databases, satellite images from Landsat-5TM sensor and images from CBERS-2 CCD sensor were used. With the help of the Information Systems Geotecnológicos, this study mapped and quantified the classes of land cover and land use in the area of biological reserve, in which found that about 17.76% of forest in the initial year of this study (1988) was cleared by the end of the study year 2005.Pages: 7616-762
Ocupação irregular das margens do Rio Cachoeira, Itabuna - BA
No full textThe occupation of areas considered APPs unleashed a series problems with respect to human health and environmental degradation. The Areas of the Permanent Protection-APPs are those areas protected under the terms of articles 2 and 3 oh the Forest Code (Federal law # 4.771/1965). As it addresses a problem of global proportions, an accurate analysis of this fact must be made, limiting the area the study. Thus, the objective of this study is to map out a stretch of the Cachoeira River in Itabuna, BA, that encompasses an area of approximately 6 Km, from Tertuliano Guedes de Pinho Street, taking in Cinquentenario Avenue in the center of the city, to Jurassy Magalhães Avenue (at the city on the Ilheus side), with intention of indentifying the APPs located along the rivers banks and locate areas of undue occupation. Techniques used to realize this were remote sensing, using ArcGIS software and images available from Google Earth, and by this method of mapping out the area, the irregular occupation of great part of the in discussion, with brief strips still preserved, can clearly be seen. Give this, it speaks to the necessity of relocating the population that is currently occupying this area, and to regularize, once and for all, the protection of the areas designated as APPs.Pages: 8043-804
Variação temporal dos componentes do balanço radiativo em áreas de cana-de-açúcar no oeste de MG e sudeste de GO
No full textNet radiation is an important variable related to agricultural crop development. The present study aimed to determine, from MODIS/Terra data and SEBAL model, the albedo and surface energy fluxes and also to analyse the temporal behaviour of the radiation balance in sugarcane areas for three dates during the dry season of 2010. The study area is encompassed by the western part of Minas Gerais state and the south-eastern part of Goiás state. To estimate the components of the radiation balance by the SEBAL model we used air temperature data acquired by the Itumbiara weather station, located in the state of Goiás, and MODIS/Terra data regarding to reflectance and surface temperature. Information related to the areas of sugarcane cultivation were obtained from Canasat Project. The combined use of MODIS/Terra data and the SEBAL model allowed generating estimates of the radiation balance components for the studied region and, thus, identify aspects related to the temporal variation of these components for the sugarcane crop. A rapid response of the sugarcane crop to precipitation was observed, providing favourable conditions for increasing the surface energy available to be used in the evaporative processes.Pages: 1657-166
Estimativa de Produtividade de Cana-de-açúcar utilizando os produtos DMP e EVI, para os municípios de Barretos-SP, Frutal-MG e Uberaba-MG
No full textThe following study aimed to develop methodologies for estimating crop productivity of sugar cane, the main tool, the vegetation index EVI / MODIS (Enhanced Vegetation Index) and DMP / VEGETATION (Dry Matter Production), along with agronomic indexes relative to sugarcane productivity and official data of IBGE, for three cities, Barretos - SP, MG and Frutal-Uberaba-MG, using two agrometeorological spectral models. For all the cities best behavior occurred through the agrometeorological model 2, to make estimates of crop productivity. Presenting to Barretos, the model (2) obtained results very close to the official data with values between 91 and 99% of total official disclosed. The model (1) estimated an average of 83.83% during the study period while the model (2) estimated 95.22% for the same period from 2000 to 2009. In Frutal, the model (1) substestimou on average 11% compared to the official figures, and model (2) was closer, overestimating by 4% on average for the years 2000 to 2009. And to Tuticorin, the model (2) was also the one closest to the official results, with an average difference of 5.5% less, even taking into account the results of 2000 underestimated that did not possess all the necessary data while the model (1) showed a mean difference of 11.7% lower over the same period, comprising 2000 to 2009.Pages: 215-22
Efecto de El Niño en la productividad primaria y temperatura superficial del mar del pacífico Colombiano
No full textThe primary productivity (PP) is the biological conversion of carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds rich in energy, is a key index of phytoplankton production and is also related to fisheries production. Remotely Sensed data on Solar radiation, Chlorophyll and other Ocean parameters can be used for the estimation of this variable. The PP and other ocean variables such as sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll concentration (Chl a) are affected by climatic events such as El Niño. The PP was calculated for the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Colombian Pacific for the time period of 2003-2011 through Platt and Sathyendranath methodology which posits that PP is determined by the incident irradiance and concentration of photosynthetic pigments. The Rodionov method was used to detect abrupt changes in time series of PP, Chl-a and SST. Data on Chl a and SST were obtained from level 3 4km monthly resolution imagery from MODIS. Study identified higher PP value for the costal water compared to Open ocean. Changes in the time series ofChl a and SST related to the presence of El Niño, especially in 2009-2010, are not reflected in the PP time series, suggesting that changes in this variable may be influenced in greater proportion by ocean dynamics in the area such as currents, sea level anomalies and winds.Pages: 8751-875
Distribuição espacial e temporal da cobertura vegetal e uso do solo do município de Anapurus - Ma
No full textThe accelerated growth of the agricultural sector experienced in the country has caused negative impacts on land cover, which can be diagnosed by means of appropriate methodologies that allows to measure its magnitude in a particular spatial-temporal area. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of vegetation cover in the city of Anapurus - MA and its relationship with the land use through the LANDSAT satellite images for the recognition of the local agricultural landscape and its evolution Over more than two decades (1987-2011), comprising a database to assist in policy guiding regional development. The satellite images used to identify areas correspond to the orbit / point 220/062, bands 3.4 and 5, and refer to the dates of passage, 15/07/1987, 16/07/1999, 27/07/2009, 15/08/2010 and 05/10/2011. It was found that among the classes of vegetation cover of the wooded savanna was the one that suffered the greatest decrease, from 26,609 ha (43.64%) in 1987 to 6,293 ha in 2011. The average intensity of reduction of area wooded savanna, from 1987 to 1999, was 139.5 ha / year. However, only one year (2010 to 2011) the devastation of this vegetation was severely accelerated, rising to 4,842 ha / year. Rather, the areas of agricultural use increased from 1987 to 2009 a mean intensity of 605.80 ha/year, however, in just one year (2010-2011) it increased sharply to 5496.75 ha/year, can this "boom "is associated with the current economic growth experienced by the country. The reduction of vegetation due to the advancement of areas intended for agricultural use, was about as follows: wooded savanna> Gallery Forest> forest savanna. In a scenario based on the intensity of disappearance of vegetated areas formed by the classes tree savannah, forest savanna and gallery forests, in about ten years, virtually the entire territory of the municipality is occupied, mostly by areas intended for agricultural use.Pages: 7376-738
Estimación del caudal máximo del río Itaya, Perú de los últimos 26 años
No full textThe use of remote sensing systems in recent decades has been used in all areas and has seen great advances in the evaluation process of changes hydrogeomorphology Amazonian rivers that are very dynamic, estimate the flow is one of the parameters most important and for this was used rational method with some modifications. In the course of the river is heavily intervened and occupied by human settlements, with a population of low-income, creating a disorderly and improper land use and greater influence in the lower river. In order to quantify the maximum flow that is transported by the river Itaya, was chosen and took the only rainfall station "Estación San Regis" was observed maximum flow data during the study period, has a clear downward trend, which can be explained by the change of land use-by increased demand deforested or more spaces for shifting cultivation, which is very noticeable throughout the rainforest of Peru, which has a direct effect on water infiltration in soil.Pages: 5606-561