National Institute for Space Research
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Mapeamento dos usos do solo no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Dourados no município de Patrocínio/MG
No full textThis paper aims to demonstrate the mapping of plant cover and anthropogenic existing on the upper course of the basin of the Dourados river in the city of Patrocínio-MG. For definition of categories was used the method of interpretation keys, which identified classes of cultivation, grazing, natural vegetation, urban and gravel. All images used in this mapping were obtained free of charge on the website of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísitca (IBGE) and are for the year 2002. With the result of the mapping was possible to see that over 40% of the study area is occupied by natural vegetation, but there are major interference of cultivation and grazing, which can be detrimental to the preservation and conservation of the basin.Pages: 4815-482
WebGIS Moçambique
No full textThe demand for agricultural products has been increasing in all countries over the last decades. Together with the decrease in natural resources and the possible impacts to agriculture caused by climatic changes, this aspect has aroused concerns in terms of the development of new global agricultural frontiers. In this context, some regions in Africa have been drawing attention from the world due to their edaphoclimatic conditions, which are favorable for agricultural development. The vision of a modern and dynamic agriculture must be based on the capacity of applying appropriate knowledge and technologies to the environment, as well as to the country's economic and social situation. Thus, this article aims at presenting the methodology used by Embrapa for obtaining, organizing and publishing geographic information plans in the form of a WebGIS on Mozambique with the aim of facilitating the access of the institutions and technicians involved in the project, as well as providing the society of the countries involved with access to this data. Mozambique´s agricultural sector has great social and economic importance as provider of food, employment, and income, and as pillar for the occupation of the national territory, representing about 89% of the primary sector´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Pages: 5955-596
Geoestatística aplicada à variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos do solo e dendrométricos em plantio de Tectona grandis L.f
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the spatial variability of soil chemical properties and attributes in a dendrometric planting Tectona grandis L. f. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics, normality test, trend analysis and verification of spatial dependence by means of experimental semivariograms and then adjusting the variables presenting spatial dependence, finally performing ordinary kriging of data, generating maps of prediction and uncertainty of the variables under study. Armed with these maps, we performed the studies of the relationship between soil chemical properties and attributes dendrometric through correlation analysis between maps. The results showed that the chemical variables of soil potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Organic Matter (OM) and pH (pH H20) spatial dependence, while phosphorus (P), aluminum (al), Aluminum + Hydrogen (H + al) and pH in KCl showed no spatial dependence. Variables dendrometric DAP, Height and Volume spatial dependence, where the results of correlation analysis showed that areas with higher levels of DAP, height and volume showed lower levels of nutrients, which can be assumed that these regions were the largest nutrient intake by the Tectona grandis L. f., this factor also evidenced by the correlation matrix between maps, which showed a weak correlation between soil chemical properties and attributes dendrometric.Pages: 3939-394
Avaliação de diferentes imagens e algoritmos para o mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra do Campus da Universidade Federal do Amazonas
No full textThe objective of this study is to evaluate images acquired by different remote sensing systems (airborne and orbital) and compare different algorithms for image classification and mapping of vegetation and land use on the Campus of UFAM (Federal Amazonas University) in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. To map the vegetation and land use, initially a literature review was performed. We used a radar image (R99/SAR SIPAM) and an optical image (WorldView-2/DIGITALGLOBE) and the software SPRING and InterIMAGE respectively. Tests of image classification methods were made (Pixel-by-pixel procedure and region mapping at SPRING, considering K-Means, Isoseg, Maximum Likelihood, Maxver Interated Conditional Modes and Bhattacharyya Distance, and the Object-oriented concept at InterIMAGE (C 4.5 - algorithm used to generate a decision tree). The methodology applied to process images and field data collection was adequate to evaluate the different remote sensing images. The values obtained in the tests for the classification of WorldView-II images were more satisfactory when using Region classifiers (SPRING). The classifiers used in this study are not applicable to radar images. This explains the poor result with the R99/SAR SIPAM images. The use of InterIMAGE system is adequate for the vegetation and land use classification with high resolution multispectral images.Pages: 1418-142
Avaliação do uso da tecnologia LiDAR para predição da homogeneidade de um povoamento de Eucalyptus sp, baseado na extração de árvores individuais
No full textIn this work we evaluated the performance of LiDAR data for the prediction of forest homogeneity in Eucalyptus sp plantation, as applied to individual tree processing. We established 17 field plots to document; tree density and height were measured in all plots. For individual tree processing for LiDAR, we used the CanopyMaxima tool that is part of the FUSION software. Forest homogeneity was evaluated by tree height classification: dominant, codominant and dominant. The results show that LiDAR has a good accuracy of tree density detection (97,9%); however, for prediction forest homogeneity, further development of this methodology is needed to improve the accuracy.Pages: 6089-609
Geoprocessamento no monitoramento da radioatividade natural das instalações de petróleo do Canto do Amaro (RN)
No full textO artigo detalha as ações de Geoprocessamento (SR e SIG) usadas na elaboração de um sistema que visa monitorar a dosagem radoniométrica e radioativa ambiental superficial no campo de petróleo do Canto do Amaro (Mossoró - RN) através de amostragem emanométrica (ativa e passiva), realizada com a finalidade de se avaliar a distribuição do radônio nas instalações petrolíferas e a definição do Risco Radônio para os trabalhadores. Foram realizados vários tipos de medidas em áreas de linhas de dutos, estações de tratamento de dejetos e de armazenamento, sobre linhas e operações de transporte e também em lama, solos, e resíduos de lamas de extração. A maioria das amostras foi analisada tal como encontrada, isto é, sem pré-tratamento. Para a coleta dos dados de radiação gama, foi utilizado o espectrômetro de radiação Gama RS-125 (Radiation Solutions) e de emanometria ativa do gás radônio nos solos foi utilizado o AlphaGuard (Genitron). Ferramentas de geoprocessamento foram utilizadas, para produzir uma caracterização estatística da relação do radônio com as suas variáveis físicas, litologicas e pedologicas e com as variáveis climáticas, utilizando-se modelos geoestatísticos como a krigeagem para interpolar os valores analisados. As medidas, depois de tratadas, demonstram que nos locais analisados e nas instalações estudadas, na sua maioria, estas apresentaram concentrações de atividade abaixo do nível de isenção. Porém em alguns casos, foram notificados valores acima do valor de isenção que estão aqui notificados.Pages: 5024-503
Indicativo de degradação de pastagens a partir de dados Spot Vegetation
No full textThis study aimed at obtaining indications of degradation processes in planted pastures at the state of Goiás, Brazil, using Spot Vegetation (VGT-S10) NDVI products from the years 2006 to 2011. The results obtained indicate that approximately 27% of the planted pasture areas are under some kind of degradation process. However, degradation percentages higher than 30% were observed in seven microregions of the state of Goiás. Also, there was high correlation between our results and those estimated by IBGE when considering indication of degradation processes beyond the moderate level. Further complementary studies intend to use longer NDVI data series and a more recent mask of planted pastures.Pages: 6917-692
Doses de vinhaça como base para determinação de atributos de um Nitossolo por meio de sensoriamento remoto
No full textThe use of traditional methods for evaluating changes in soil properties resulting from industrial residue application is onerous, once the environmental monitoring must be agile and cost effective. One alternative to this drawback is the use of remote sensing. In this sense the present work was developed to analyze the changes of some properties of an Nitosol cultivated with sugarcane and submitted to different levels of sugarcane residue (Vinace). The experiment designed in randomized blocks, consisted of 6 treatments and 4 replicates, being the treatments: 1. Without vinace; 2, 3, 4 and 5 received respectively 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 times the levels recommended by CETESB. From spectral curves in the visible and near infrared, partial last squares regression models were generated for prediction of some chemical and physical properties; with samples under field condition (ACC) and oven-dried soil (TFSE). For determination of the soil particle size were generated models acceptable to good (R2 between 0.7 and 0.9). Regarding chemical attributes were generated models with only capacity of differentiation between high and low concentrations (R2 between 0.5 and 0.65) for the attributes pH, OM, H+Al and CEC, being the models generated for oven-dried soil in some cases better than those generated for samples in field conditions.Pages: 9285-929
Análise espacial da produção de trigo no Estado do Paraná durante as safras de2003/2004 a 2009/2010
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the production of wheat in the state of Paraná. In Brazil the largest producers of wheat in the Southern Region are currently Paraná, is the largest producer followed by the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. We made graphs and Cluster Map reflectance index Moran. Data were obtained from the secretary of the state of Paraná Supply - SEAB / PR. For the production of thematic maps were used only free software (open source), and they GeoDa and QuantumGIS, which were grouped in a shapefile, so he could do the spatial analysis of these data. Were analyzed for crop years 2003/2004 to 2009/2010. It was also used shapefile from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE containing the limits of the 399 municipalities of the state of Paraná consistent. The application of graphics mirroring enabled us to identify the concentration of the municipalities in the quadrants. Through the Lisa Cluster Map showed the behavior of wheat production (ton) at the state and municipalities, being able to view the spatial structure of clusters of municipalities. The use of spatial statistical analysis of areas contributed to the finding of clusters of wheat production, allowing the recognition of areas with high productivity and training of production centers.Pages: 771-77
Uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento na seleção de áreas com potencial para implantação de aterro sanitário
No full textStudies show that solutions for the final disposal of municipal solid waste can be evaluated, planned and implemented through tools of geotechnologies. The majority of likely impacts caused by the bad management of solid waste could be reduced with the proper layout, through landfills, but there is a need to consider, in addition to the most appropriate method to accommodate these waste, a suitable location to this. This article aimed to select areas with potential for the deployment of landfill sites in the municipality of Teresina/PI, through the use of techniques of geoprocessing, where the same has only one controlled landfill. As for the methodology, its been used criteria based on current environmental legislation and in publications of components such as CPU and IPT as: distance of road network, water bodies, inhabited areas, geological formations, soil types and steepness of the terrain. These criteria were treated in an environment of GIS in SPRING software. There was also a calculation based on useful life of the landfill, population of the municipality and daily production of garbage in order to establish a minimum area for the size of the landfill to be installed. As a result it was produced a weighted map matching data of all the criteria through the LEGAL language, showing the location of 12 areas suitable to the installation of a sanitary landfill, where only 2 sites met the criterion of minimum area.Pages: 3902-390