National Institute for Space Research
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Determinação de máscaras de cultivos e épocas de semeaduras para culturas de verão na mesorregião Centro Ocidental Paranaense (safra 2009/2010)
No full textSummer crops, including soybeans and corn, represent an important position in Brazilian international trade market, and therefore it is essential to have reliable information about crop acreage and yields. The aim of this study is to identify areas of summer crops in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil, for the 2009/2010 crop season, using TERRA/MODIS images and Remote Sensing and GIS technologies. The area of study includes 25 counties in Central West of Parana State. The MODIS NDVI 16 days composite images where used to gather multi temporal RGB images. The algorithm "Isoseg/Isodata" used for the classification of digital images was used to generate two classes for each RGB temporal composition called "summer crops" and "not summer crops". In order to obtain the final map with the summer crop mask, the two classified maps obtained using the two RGB composites, where overlapped. Finally, classification results where compared with the summer crop mask estimates of IBGE. It can be concluded that the method used in this work can be used as an alternative for mapping summer crops and for determining the different crop sowing dates occurring in the region.Pages: 371-37
Delimitação das Ecorregiões da Reserva da Biosfera da Serra do Espinhaço - MG
No full textThis work has been realized with the goal of mapping the Ecoregions of the Biosphere Reserve of Serra do Espinhaço (Brazilian acronym: RBSE) by using the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The region in matter is placed inside the territory of Minas Gerais state. The RBSE was proposed by the Brazilian Committee of the Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and recognized by UNESCO on June 27, 2005. To make the division into ecoregions which are areas that are relatively homogeneous by their inside and share similar ecological characteristics information about geology, pedology, vegetation and climatic factors (temperature and relative humidity) were used. All this information has been undergoing map algebra using Raster format data, what resulted in the product of this work: the Map of the Ecoregions of the Biosphere Reserve of Serra do Espinhaço. To do so, ArcGIS 9.3 software was used, which enabled the treatment of the cartographical bases as well as the crossing information of these bases with the Raster Calculator tool. Besides, the software was used to elaborate the final map of the RBSEs Ecoregions. Finally, eight Ecoregions were identified, which were analyzed by their prevailing ecological factors in order to understand the ecological relationships present in each region.Pages: 4226-423
Proposta metodológica para avaliação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas em pragas quarentenárias: estudo de caso em praga do coqueiro no Brasil
No full textThe aim of this work was to apply the instrument of geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the impacts of climatic changes on the geografic distribuition of quarantine pests in Brazil, based on scenarios of greenhouse gas emitions of the Forth Assesment Report Reports of the IPCC. Towards the economic importance of brazilian agriculture and the imminent threat of climatic changes and the possible consequences on the phytossanitary dynamics on crops, became necessary the study of spatial and temporal distribuition simulations. The GIS presented itself as a powerfull implement that can be used to evaluate the probability of future damages and pest risky analysis on the countrys field. The maps of monthly projections to favorable areas to the occurrence of red palm mite (Raoiella indica Hirst) to the period of 1961-1990 and to the period of 2071-2100, A2 scenario of grennhouse gas emitions , they were elaborated using spatial operations of mathematical and logical expressions. The areas with climate favorability ranges to the red palm mite were calculated to Brazil. Currently the red palm mite in Brazil has its occurrence restricted , notwithstanding , with climatic changes the future predicts more favorable conditions , when compared to the 1961-1990 weather.Pages: 4383-438
Zoneamento agroclimatológico para a cultura do café no território rural do Caparaó Capixaba
No full textEsse estudo objetivou realizar o zoneamento agroclimatológico para as culturas do café conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex. Frohner) e café arábica (Coffea arabica L.) cultivados no Território Rural do Caparaó Capixaba. O zoneamento foi elaborado no programa computacional ArcGIS 10, por meio da combinação dos mapas da temperatura média anual do ar e da deficiência hídrica anual, favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Detectou-se que 26,10% da área total do TRCC é apta para a implantação do café conilon e 60,60% apta para a espécie arábica. As restrições corresponderam apenas quanto à temperatura: espécie conilon (60,00%) e arábica (25,64%).Pages: 555-56
Uso da banda termal do satélite LANDSAT-5 e técnicas de geoestatística na estimativa da degradação da Atrazina no solo em diferentes épocas do ano
No full textImproper use of pesticides can lead to significant environmental impacts, such as contamination of various environmental compartments, been the most vulnerable, the aquatic compartments. The degradation rate defines the persistence of a pesticide in the soil profile. The temperature is a factor that causes effects on the degradation rate of pesticides, changing the speed of the metabolism of microorganisms. The thermal band of LANDSAT-5 satellite is able to obtain the estimated temperature of the soil surface. This study aims to assess the employability of thermal band of LANDSAT-5 satellite and geostatistical techniques, to obtain estimates of the degradation rate of Atrazine on two different dates in the year 2010. To obtain the results was performed a geometric and atmospheric correction of the images, together with the results of vegetation index and the use of mathematical models. It can be concluded that the use of thermal band of LANDSAT-5 satellite captured by the sensor TM and geostatistical techniques have contributed greatly to obtain the estimate of the rate of atrazine degradation in the soil surface. Using non-intrusive techniques (remote) to simulate the degradation rate of a pesticide helps to consider its use in places and times of year, indicating regions suitable for your use.Pages: 4161-416
Cuantificación del cambio del área glaciar del nevado Huaytapallana utilizando imágenes del sensor TM del satélite Landsat-5
No full textThe current weather conditions are contributing significantly to accelerated glacier retreat in the tropical Andes and this decline can be measured considering remote sensing techniques. This paper has considered sensor images Landast-5 satellite TM with resolution of 30 m by pixel to quantify the glacier area change Huaytapallana snowy mountain range located in the central region of Peru. The technique that has been used is the delineation of glacier coverage from Normalized difference snow Index (NDSI) and the of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The Huaytapallana snowy at the rate of reduction of 0,52 km2/year has fallen 13,52 km2 in 26 years (1985-2010) representing 48,4% from the year 1985 and if the weather remains of the past two decades could back up considerably in the not too distant disappear. On the other hand, is identified from glacier hypsometry generated with digital elevation model ASTER GDEM, the ablation zone of Huaytapallana snowy is shifting to higher regions of the mountain.Pages: 8759-876
Avaliação da qualidade das medições fotogramétricas realizadas na versão integrada 1.0β do software livre de fotogrametria digital e-foto
No full textThe acronym E-FOTO stands for an Educational Digital Photogrammetric Workstation. This is a multidisciplinary research project developed in The Rio de Janeiro State University. The E-FOTO project has two pillars: self-learning and gratuity. This dissertation evaluates the quality of the photogrammetric measurements performed by the 1.0β integrated version of the E-FOTO software. One photogrammetric blocks of airborne imagery: the former photogrammetric dataset is assembled from 12 photograms of the city of Seropédica-RJ, flown in 2005. The photogrammetric measurements taken in the E-FOTO were compared with those taken using the Leica Photogrammetry Suite (LPS 2010) commercial software. The ground truth is a set of 30 ground testing points (GCP) measured with a geodetic, dual frequency receiver of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS/GPS). A digital photogrammetric mapping procedure was used to evaluate the E-FOTO software. For doing so, both interior and exterior orientation parameters of every image were computed. The photogrammetric computation of object-space coordinates of testing points was performed in the 1.64 version of the stereo plotter module of the E-FOTO. The comparisons of the results of the E-FOTO measurements with those taken from the LPS software can be considered identical, at the confidence level of 95%. The photogrammetric measurements performed in the 1.64 version of the E-FOTO stereoplotter module also match the tridimensional UTM coordinates (E, N and H) of the ground testing points at the same confidence level of 95%.Pages: 2092-209
Uso do sensoriamento remoto na avaliação da formação de ilhas de calor em cidades nordestinas
No full textThis research aims to analyse the influence of waterproofed surfaces about heat islands' formation in urban areas by analysis of satellite images. The changes that occur on the landscape resulting from urbanization alter the energy balance and the urban water balance. Theses changes are caused by the withdrawal of original vegetation, by increased circulation of vehicles and people, by the sealing of the soil, by the changes in topography, through of landfills, by the conduits of rivers and streams, by buildings concentration, by urban verticalisation, in addition to the lauch of particulate and pollutants gaseous in the atmosphere. So the variability of thermodynamic subsystem in an urban area can be determined, in a first analysis, from the comparison of urban temperature with the surrounding field. In this research were used images of satellite Landsat Thematic Mapper 5 to estimate the heat islands in the capitals: Maceió and João Pessoa. The methods of Chander and Markham (2003) and Malaret et al. (1985) were used to calculate the surface temperature. The results showed considerable variations of surface temperature between urban areas and wooded having up to 8°C difference. The results also showed that the methods had minimal differences of temperature when used on surfaces with predominant vegetation cover. On the other hand these differences of temperature were greaters when the methos were used on more urbanized areas.Pages: 4064-407
Evolução na paisagem costeira do litoral oriental do Rio Grande do Norte: Cartografia digital e análise multitemporal nos campos de dunas móveis
No full textIn the environmental monitoring of beaches, another component sensitive to human pressures are the dunes. The expressive force of the wind currents imply an effective sediment transport, and thus the non-vegetated dunes are more mobile, making the dune ecosystem highly dynamic. The natural landscape of the Folha Touros with its dunes, cliffs, beaches and calm waters of its pleasant tropical climate, is configured in a coastal environment of scenic beauty priceless. The proposed work aims to evaluate the spatial patterns of mobile dune fields in the coastal landscape the Folha Touros (SB.25-VC-II), from the point of view of evolution. The methodology consisted in the compilation of pre-existing products in the acquisition image processing and Digital Images (PDI) and field survey using GPS traditional. Was generated a sequence of nine thematic maps that illustrate the layout of the main transgressive dune fields and, from these maps thematic, the area of the dune fields was quantified in km ² and m². The space-time evolution of the dunes emphasizes the reduction of the same over nearly twenty years The results evendiciam reducing the dune fields cover over the nearly 20 time interval, being of an emergency to ensure the integrity of ecosystems in relation to their dune dunes.Pages: 5405-541
Aplicação do sensoriamento remoto para monitoramento de eventos extremos urbanos: uma análise do município são Lourenço da Mata - PE
No full textRemote sensing can be applied to various studies and perspectives of the land surface, in this work the SR was applied to the monitoring of urban extreme events, which took place in São Lourenço da Mata-PE. Flooding occurred in this city in May 2011, and consequences of environmental factors such as pedology, geology, slope, vegetation, weather systems such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the South Atlantic Anticyclone and easterly waves (DOLs ) in the onset of heavy rains in the lower course of the river Capibaribe, in São Lourenço da Mata, which led to a flood of major proportions along the banks of the river channel, an area that has been characterized as being at risk geomorphological imminent. These natural conditions ended up being intensified by human action from the lack of urban planning, which resulted in irregular and disorderly occupation of the perimeter river. The analysis was performed using data obtained with the help of Remote Sensing, transferred free by the National Institute for Space Research, by the Brazilian Research Agroecological and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, which were processed in ArcGIS software, the license with the Department of geography, Federal University of Pernambuco. There was also a fieldwork in neighborhoods most affected are they, Riverside and Penedo. The study area needs an effective urban planning to avoid minor damage since this is an event occurring between two and three decades.Pages: 1837-184