233955 research outputs found
Sort by
Structure of the reef fish community along the depth gradient of the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
No full textO Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha abriga a mais rica ictiofauna recifal entre as ilhas oceânicas do Atlântico Sul; no entanto, os estudos sobre a estrutura das comunidades de peixes recifais da região têm se restringido aos recifes rasos. Este estudo avaliou a estrutura das comunidades de peixes ao longo do gradiente de profundidade recifal, abrangendo os estratos rasos (≤30 m) e mesofóticos (30–111 m). Os efeitos da profundidade sobre as características ecológicas da comunidade (riqueza, abundância e biomassa), bem como sobre a composição trófica, taxonômica e a estrutura de tamanho dos peixes, foram analisados
utilizando dados de censos visuais subaquáticos realizados no arquipélago. No total, foram registradas 63 espécies pertencentes a 27 famílias ao longo do gradiente de profundidade. Os resultados revelaram variações significativas da comunidade de peixes recifais entre os estratos de profundidade, com destaque para o mesofótico superior, que apresentou os maiores valores para biomassa, e valores de abundância e riqueza semelhantes aos dos ambientes rasos. Os dados de distribuição das espécies sugerem um forte gradiente de transição, onde o mesofótico superior apresenta um grande número de espécies exclusivas, mas também compartilha espécies com ambientes rasos e mesofóticos inferiores. Em termos de estrutura trófica, planctivoros foram mais abundantes em todos estratos de profundidade, mas apresentaram maior biomassa nos recifes mais profundos. Peixes herbívoros e onívoros, por outro lado, predominaram no ambiente raso; consumidores de invertebrados móveis e macro-carnívoros foram mais representativos no mesofótico superior, enquanto consumidores de invertebrados sésseis foram mais abundantes no mesofótico inferior. A família Epinephelidae apresentou aumento progressivo de abundância com a profundidade, sendo a mais representativa no mesofótico inferior, enquanto Labridae apresentou declínio nesse gradiente, com maior contribuição nos recifes rasos. As espécies que se destacaram como mais associadas a determinados estratos foram Melichthys niger (raso), Holocentrus adscensionis (mesofótico superior) e Chromis vanbebberae (mesofótico inferior). Os recifes mesofóticos apresentaram composição distinta, com ocorrência de espécies endêmicas e exclusivas, além de maior frequência de indivíduos de grande porte, mas permanecem fora dos limites da proteção integral nas áreas além da isóbata de 50 m. Esses achados reforçam a importância de considerar os ambientes mesofóticos nas estratégias de conservação e manejo da biodiversidade recifal do arquipélago.The Fernando de Noronha Archipelago harbors the richest reef ichthyofauna among the oceanic islands of the South Atlantic; however, studies on the structure of reef fish communities in the region have been restricted to shallow reefs. This study assessed the structure of fish communities along the reef depth gradient, encompassing shallow (≤30 m) and mesophotic (30–111 m) strata. The effects of depth on ecological community characteristics (species richness, abundance, and biomass), as well as on trophic composition, taxonomic composition, and fish size structure, were analyzed using data from underwater visual censuses conducted in the archipelago. In total, 63 species belonging to 27 families were recorded along the depth gradient. The results revealed significant variations in the reef fish community among depth strata, with the upper mesophotic zone standing out, which exhibited the highest biomass values and abundance and richness values similar to those of shallow environments. Species distribution data suggest a strong transition gradient, where the upper mesophotic zone harbors a large number of exclusive species but also shares species with both shallow and lower mesophotic environments. In terms of trophic structure, planktivores were more abundant across all depth strata, but showed greater biomass in deeper reefs. Herbivorous and omnivorous fish, on the other hand, predominated in the shallow environment; mobile invertebrate feeders and macro-carnivores were more representative in the upper mesophotic zone, while sessile invertebrate feeders were more abundant in the lower mesophotic zone. The family Epinephelidae showed a progressive increase in abundance with depth, being the most representative in the lower mesophotic zone, whereas Labridae exhibited a decline along this gradient, with a greater contribution in shallow reefs. The species most notably associated with specific strata were Melichthys niger (shallow), Holocentrus adscensionis (upper mesophotic), and Chromis vanbebberae (lower mesophotic). Mesophotic reefs displayed a distinct composition, with the occurrence of endemic and exclusive species, in addition to a higher frequency of large-bodied individuals, but remain outside the limits of full protection in areas beyond the 50 m isobath. These findings reinforce the importance of considering mesophotic environments in conservation and management strategies for the archipelago's reef biodiversity.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)2024/13716-
Evaluation of the ossification process in newly metamorphosed anurans: applicability of the categorization of long bone mineralization
No full textAnalyzing the degree of mineralization can be an excellent tool for evaluating the effects of stressors. Biomarkers that detect sublethal effects on bone structures are highly applicable. The present study proposes to review the categorization technique and apply it to long bones by using four categories to investigate the mineralization of long bones in recently metamorphosed anurans, demonstrating its applicability and efficiency in ecotoxicological studies. The technique involves double staining of bones to differentiate between mineralized and cartilaginous tissues, followed by observation under a stereomicroscope. We used as an applicability model a study of exposure to the insecticide fipronil in two native species, Leptodactylus fuscus (whistling frog) and Scinax fuscovarius (snouted tree frog). To validate the proposed way of application, we also carried out a more complex quantitative analysis and compared the results. We defined four categories that reflected the ossification process during metamorphosis. When applied in the experimental design, these categories proved highly effective in highlighting the effect of the tested contaminant on mineralization. Comparing the results of the proposed methodology with the quantitative analysis showed that both yielded similar outcomes. Thus, assessing the degree of mineralization through the proposed way of analysis is highly applicable and effective and has great potential for analyzing vertebrates’ long bones.Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do SulPostgraduate Program in Biodiversity Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José Do Rio PretoDepartment of Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Letters and Exact Sciences of São José Do Rio Preto Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José Do Rio PretoInstitute of Biosciences Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul Mato Grosso Do SulExperimental Pathology Laboratory LAPEx Institute of Biosciences Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul Mato Grosso Do SulPostgraduate Program in Biodiversity Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José Do Rio PretoDepartment of Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Letters and Exact Sciences of São José Do Rio Preto Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José Do Rio PretoFundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: FUNDECT 174/202
Games and play in School Physical Education: building gender relations
No full textMuitas vezes, ao propor brincadeiras nas aulas de Educação Física, ouço falas preconceituosas que diferenciam e separam meninas e meninos nas aulas de Educação Física, tais como“isso não é brincadeira de menino(a)” ou “isso não vou fazer é coisa de menino(a)”, falas como estas que despertaram o meu interesse em pesquisar a minha própria prática docente, para que assim eu possa entender e estimular meus alunos a refletirem sobre essas tensões sociais de convivência trazidas de seus cotidianos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as práticas pedagógicas realizadas pelo professor compreendendo e conscientizando meninos e meninas sobre as relações de gênero nas aulas de Educação Física escolar, por meio da temática jogos e brincadeiras. Quanto à metodologia, desenvolvemos este estudo utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, pautada pela pesquisa-ação. O público participante desta pesquisa foi representado por 25estudantes de uma turma do 6° ano dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, pertencentes ao turno matutino, na faixa etária entre 11 e 12 anos, de uma escola estadual da cidade de São Paulo-SP. Trabalhamos a temática jogos e brincadeiras a partir de uma unidade didática composta por 8 aulas. Ao final das aulas, realizamos rodas de conversas, cujasquestões orientadoras e discussões foram registradas em nosso diário de aula. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de uma abordagem reflexiva e interpretativa das narrativas das crianças, levando em consideração a base teórica adotada e as percepções do pesquisador. Nas primeiras aulas da unidade didática, percebemos que existia um distanciamento entre meninos e meninas, não só nas aulas de Educação Física e recreio, como também na comunidade em que vivem. Por isso a ideia de utilizar os jogos e brincadeiras para discutirmos este distanciamento entre meninos e meninas, aproveitando as rodas de conversas para dialogarmos e refletirmos sobre os preconceitos já trazidos de suas realidades para dentro da escola. O objetivo era superarmos estas barreiras entre eles(as) para que pudessem modificar o ambiente em que vivem. Após a análise dos resultados, entendemos que atingimos o objetivo proposto, observando-se uma mudança progressiva no contexto das aulas, evoluindo de discussões iniciais carregadas de preconceitos, especialmente provenientes de falas dos meninos, que contribuíam para manter a segregação entre os alunos participantes, para diálogos envolvendo maior respeito e conscientização entre meninos e meninas durante as aulas. É necessário lembrar que são crianças, em processo de formação e amadurecimento, mas esperamos que toda discussão e vivência possa vir a despertar a consciência de forma positiva no futuro. Concluímos que a prática do professor é importante para que haja diminuição nos distanciamentos entre meninos e meninas nas aulas de Educação Física. Por fim, este trabalho gerou uma unidade didática como recurso educacional que visa auxiliar outros professores que planejam trabalhar com este tema.Many times, when proposing games in Physical Education classes, I hear prejudiced statements that differentiate and separate girls and boys in Physical Education classes, such as “this is not a game for boys” or “I’m not going to do that, it’s a boy’s thing”. Statements like these sparked my interest in researching my own teaching practice, so that I can understand and help my students correct these social tensions of coexistence brought from their daily lives. This research aimed to investigate the pedagogical interventions carried out by the teacher to understand and raise awareness among boys and girls about gender relations in Physical Education classes at school, through the theme of games and play. Regarding the methodology, we developed this study using a qualitative approach, guided by action research. The participants in this research were 25 students from a 6th grade class in the final years of Elementary School, who attended the morning shift, aged between 11 and 12, at a state school in the city of São Paulo, SP. We worked on the theme of games and play based on a teaching unit consisting of 8 classes. At the end of the classes, we held discussion groups, whose guiding questions and discussions were recorded in our class diary. Data analysis was carried out through a reflective and interpretative approach to the children's narratives, taking into account the theoretical basis adopted and the researcher's perceptions. In the first classes of the teaching unit, we noticed that there was a gap between boys and girls, not only in Physical Education and recess classes, but also in the community in which they live. Hence the idea of using games and play to discuss this gap between boys and girls, taking advantage of the discussion groups to dialogue and reflect on the prejudices already brought from their realities into the school. The goal was to overcome these barriers between them so that they could change the environment in which they live. After analyzing the results, we understand that we achieved the proposed objective, observing a progressive change in the context of the classes, evolving from initial discussions full of prejudices, especially from the boys' statements, which contributed to maintaining segregation among the participating students, to dialogues involving greater respect and awareness between boys and girls during classes. It is important to remember that they are children, but we hope that all the discussions and experiences can awaken awareness in a positive way in the future. We conclude that teacher intervention is important to reduce the distances between boys and girls in Physical Education classes. Finally, this work generated a teaching unit as an educational resource that aims to help other teachers who plan to work with this topic
Controlling vibration propagation in a thin beam using a neutraliser
No full textThis paper is concerned with the control of vibration transmission along a thin beam using a vibration neutraliser. The analysis focuses on the case where the position of the neutraliser is constrained such that it cannot be at the source or the receiver, and the frequency is sufficiently high so that the evanescent waves are localised near the discontinuities, such as the neutraliser, the excitation point and each end of the beam. The neutraliser, which may be of the translational or rotational type, creates a dip in the displacement transmissibility, which corresponds to an anti-resonance in the transfer receptance between the force source at one end of the beam and the displacement at the other end. It is shown that the frequency at which the dip occurs is not equal to the natural frequency of the neutraliser, which is often the case in many practical situations. It is shown that the frequency at which the dip occurs is dependent only on the local interaction between the neutraliser and the beam, so that the boundary effects of the beam may be neglected. This is demonstrated both analytically and experimentally.São Paulo State University School of EngineeringUniversity of Southampton Institute of Sound and Vibration ResearchThe University of Auckland Acoustics and Vibrations Research CentreAeronautics Institute of Technology Division of Mechanical EngineeringSão Paulo State University School of Engineerin
β-Glucan Alone or Combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus Positively Influences the Bacterial Diversity and Metabolites in the Colonic Microbiota of Type II Diabetic Patients
No full textβ-Glucan is a fermentable polysaccharide with prebiotic properties that has been shown to improve metabolic indicators. This study evaluated the effects of spent brewer’s yeast β-glucan (BGL) and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (106 CFU/g) (LA5) alone and in combination (LA5-BGL) on the composition of the fecal microbiome of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the Human Gut Microbial Ecosystem Simulator (SHIME®). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ammonium ions, and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) were measured. BGL, LA5, and LA5-BGL increased (p < 0.05) the richness and diversity of microbial communities in the gut microbiome of individuals with T2DM. All treatments increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of Bacteroides, Alistipes, Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Acidaminococcus, along with increased (p < 0.05) production of SCFAs and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) compared to the control group. BGL treatments showed a greater increase in microbial diversity, SCFAs levels (butyric, propionic, and acetic acid), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). LA5 showed the highest decrease in ammonium ion levels. Results indicate that BGL may have a prebiotic and immunomodulatory effect on the fecal microbial community and metabolic indicators in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Findings underscore the role of BGL as a prebiotic food.Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods Federal University of ParaíbaDepartment of Food and Nutrition São Paulo State UniversitySchool of Nutrition and Dietetics Universidad de AntioquiaFaculty of Pharmacy Université Paris CitéDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science Center Federal University of ParaíbaDepartment of Biological Sciences São Paulo State University, São PauloDepartment of Food and Nutrition São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences São Paulo State University, São Paul
Acute and chronic response of supervised band-elastic resistance exercise in systemic cytokines levels of bipolar disorders and schizophrenia individuals: A pilot study
No full textDespite earlier research demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of acute and chronic exercise in many medical illnesses, there is a lack of literature evaluating the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the cytokine levels in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCH). This study aims to examine the acute effects of resistance exercise on cytokines and the chronic effects of resistance exercise by 10 weeks on cytokine levels, symptoms of disease, and muscular strength in individuals with BD and SCH. The included individuals (N=10) performed a single session of band-elastic resistance exercises (six exercises, 3 sets of 12–15 repetitions, 60 seconds of interval between sets). A sub-sample (N=6) of individuals performed a supervised band-elastic resistance exercise program (2 times a week, for 10 weeks, 6 exercises, 3 sets of 12–15 repetitions, 60 seconds of interval). We verified for acute effects: IL-2 (P=0.0085) and IL-4 (P=0.0253) levels increased, while IL-6 decreased (P=0.0435), and for chronic effects: increased IL-2 and IL-4 levels (significant effect size - Pre vs Post), a decrease in disease symptoms, and an increase in muscular strength. This study adds to what is already known about how resistance exercises affect people with BD and SCH in both short-term (systemic cytokines levels) and long-term (symptoms of disease, muscular strength, and systemic cytokines levels).Santo Amaro University Post-graduate Program in Health SciencesPhysical activity and mental health laboratory (LAFISAM)Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at the Pedagogical University of MaputoENT Research Lab. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Federal University of Sao PauloResidency Specialty in Psychiatry Santo Amaro UniversityImmunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Presidente Prudente Sao Paulo Brazil. Professor at Graduate Program in Movement Science - Interunits São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao PauloBipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN) Department of Psychiatry University of São Paulo Medical SchoolImmunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group Department of Physical Education School of Technology and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Presidente Prudente Sao Paulo Brazil. Professor at Graduate Program in Movement Science - Interunits São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paul
Repeatability and reproducibility of a tomographic method for measuring tibial torsion in dogs with medial patellar luxation
No full textObjective: To describe a new method for the tomographic measurement of canine tibial torsion, evaluate its repeatability and reproducibility, measure the torsion in 40 canine tibiae using both the new and traditional methods, and compare the results. Study design: Retrospective case series. Sample population: Tomographic study of the tibiae (n = 40) of client-owned dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). Methods: A new method for measuring tibial torsion was described. Four evaluators measured the tibial torsion of 40 canine tibiae with MPL using this new method, with one evaluator repeating these measurements three times. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess both intraobserver and interobserver variability for this new method. The same four evaluators also measured the torsion of the same 40 tibiae using the traditional method, and the ICC was calculated to evaluate its interobserver variability. Finally, the results from the new and traditional methods were compared. Results: The intraobserver and interobserver ICCs for the new method were.99 and.83, respectively, indicating high agreement, excellent repeatability, and reproducibility. The interobserver ICC for the traditional method was.52, indicating moderate agreement. The new method thus demonstrated greater agreement among observers regarding tibial torsion values than the traditional method. Conclusion: The new tomographic method was repeatable and reproducible for the measurement of tibial torsion in dogs with MPL. Clinical significance: This report describes a new method for the tomographic measurement of canine tibial torsion, which can be used in preoperative planning for dogs with MPL.Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo State University—UNESPOrtopediaVet Veterinary Clinic Dr. Eloy Curuci and TeamDepartment of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Jataí–UFJDepartment of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Campina Grande—UFCGDepartment of Orthopedics Veterinary Medical Specialties Center—CEMEVDepartment of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São Paulo State University—UNES
Fertilization of acerola seedlings with fish compost
No full textA cultura da acerola tem grande potencial de expansão dentro da agricultura familiar. É considerada uma cultura rústica, mas como permite até três safras por ano, a adubação não deve ser dispensada. Entre os adubos, os compostos orgânicos são boas opções, incluindo os obtidos a partir de resíduos vegetais e animais mortos, originados de sistemas de produção que podem ser integrados à produção de frutíferas. O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do composto de pescado na melhoria da fertilidade do solo e no crescimento inicial de mudas de acerola. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um em laboratório e outro em casa de vegetação. Em ambos foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram doses de composto de pescado + poda urbana equivalentes a 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 t ha-1. O solo utilizado foi Latossolo Vermelho argiloso coletado na camada de 0-20 cm. No laboratório, o solo foi incubado com o composto por 90 dias, a 50% da capacidade de retenção de água e, ao final do período, foi feita determinação de atributos químicos. Na casa de vegetação, mudas de acerola cresceram por 120 dias nos vasos preenchidos com solo adubado conforme os tratamentos e, ao final, foram feitas avaliações biométricas, de produção de matéria seca e de acúmulo de nutrientes. A adubação do solo com o composto melhorou a fertilidade do solo, e os principais resultados foram aumentos lineares nos teores disponíveis de P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Apesar da melhoria na qualidade do solo, não houve resposta de crescimento e acúmulo de matéria seca das plantas. Os aumentos dos teores de P, K e S no solo causaram aumento de acúmulo desses nutrientes nas plantas, mas os efeitos foram bem menores do que os observados no solo. Os resultados permitem concluir que o crescimento inicial das mudas de acerola não é favorecido pela adubação com composto de pescado, confirmando a rusticidade da espécie, mas há necessidade de pesquisas em condições de campo que permitam avaliar as respostas em plantas adultas, em fase de produção.Acerola cultivation has great potential for expansion within family farming. It is considered a rustic crop, but since it allows up to three harvests per year, fertilization is essential. Among the fertilizers, organic composts are good options, including those obtained from plant and dead animals in production systems, which can be integrated into fruit production. The objective with this study was to evaluate the effects of fish compost on improving soil fertility and the initial growth of acerola seedlings. Two experiments were carried out, one in the laboratory and the other in a greenhouse. In both experiments, a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. The treatments were doses of fish compost + urban pruning equivalent to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1. The soil used was clayey Haplustox collected in the 0-20 cm layer. In the laboratory, the soil was incubated with the compost for 90 days at 50% of its water retention capacity, and at the end of the period, chemical attributes were determined. In the greenhouse, acerola seedlings grew for 120 days in pots filled with soil and fertilized according to the treatments, and at the end, biometric, dry matter production and nutrient accumulation assessments were made. Fertilizing the soil with the fish compost improved soil fertility, and the main results were linear increases in the available levels of P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Despite the improvement in soil quality, there was no response in plant growth and dry matter accumulation. Increases in the levels of P, K and S in the soil caused an increase in the accumulation of these nutrients in the plants, but the effects were much smaller than those observed in the soil. The results allow us to conclude that the initial growth of acerola seedlings is not favored by fertilization with fish compost, confirming the hardiness of the specie, but there is a need for research in field conditions that allow us to evaluate the responses in adult plants, in production
Exploring the Role of Life Cycle Thinking in Developing Supply Chains Aligned With Sustainable Development Goals
No full textSustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) principles and practices contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). However, the role of Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) tools and how they can strengthen the achievement of SSCM-oriented SDG has been little explored. This study aims to review the literature that intersects the themes of SSCM, SDG, and LCT to investigate the role of LCT tools in SSCM-oriented SDG. The dynamic capabilities (DC) perspective is the theoretical lens to understand how organizations can sense, seize, and reconfigure resources to address challenges in dynamic and changeable environments as sustainable supply chains require. A systematic literature review supported by PRISMA protocol and structured content analysis was conducted. The results show that LCT tools can be used to evaluate environmental, social, and economic aspects of just one SDG, or impact categories of each LCT tool can be linked to different SDG. The evaluation of the contribution of SSCM practices to the SDG using LCT tools occurs in two ways: (i) using the results of environmental, social, and economic assessments to analyze the contribution to the SDG qualitatively; (ii) linking impact categories (midpoint and endpoint) and indicators from LCT tools directly to specific indicators, goals, and SDG, which makes the assessment of the contribution clearer. LCT tools provide information to improve the 17 DC that help achieve SSCM-oriented SDG. The role of LCT as an analytical tool for SSCM-oriented SDG requires further investigation. To this end, a research agenda is proposed.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Department of Production Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Engineering, São PauloFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Department of Administration Business School, Mato Grosso do SulDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Engineering, São PauloDepartment of Production Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Engineering, São PauloDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Engineering, São PauloCAPES: 00
Giovanni Bassano and the art of diminution: ricercate, passaggi et cadentie (1585) and motetti, madrigali et canzoni francese (1591)
No full textEste trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a obra sobre diminuição de Giovanni Bassano (1560/61-1617), visando esclarecer como realizar uma diminuição baseando-se nos dois livros de Bassano sobre o tema: o tratado Ricercate, Passaggi et Cadentie (1585), no qual, são apresentados 8 ricercartas solo, diversos exemplos de cadências, intervalos e passagens diminuídos e duas diminuições completas do madrigal Signor mio caro de Cipriano de Rore (1515/16-1565); e a coletânea Motetti, Madrigali et Canzoni Francese (1591), um dos livros com o maior número de diminuições da época, contendo 52 diminuições sobre uma ou duas vozes de peças a quatro, cinco e seis vozes, a maioria motetos de Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594) e madrigais de Cipriano de Rore. Apesar do propósito didático que Bassano dá aos dois livros, ambos têm como única fonte de instruções suas cartas ao leitor, que fornecem apenas breves orientações práticas. Logo, buscou-se através da contextualização histórica e análise das diminuições, ricercatas e exemplos de intervalos e cadências diminuídos, extrair conceitos para formar um conjunto de regras para a realização de diminuições.This work has as object of study the work on diminution by Giovanni Bassano (1560/61-1617), aiming to clarify how to perform a diminution based on the two books of Bassano on the subject: the treatise Ricercate, Passaggi et Cadentie (1585), in which 8 solo ricercari are presented, several examples of cadences, intervals and passages ornamented and two complete diminutions of the madrigal Signor mio caro by Cipriano de Rore (1515/16-1565); and the collection Motetti, Madrigali et Canzoni Francese (1591), one of the books with the largest number of diminutions of the time, containing 52 diminutions on one or two voices of pieces to four, five and six voices, most motets by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594) and madrigals by Cipriano de Rore. Despite the didactic purpose that Bassano gives to the two books, both have as only source of instruction their letters to the reader, which provide only brief practical guidelines. Then, it was sought through the historical contextualization and analysis of the diminutions, ricercari and examples of intervals and cadences ornamented, extract concepts to form a set of rules for the realization of diminutions.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)00