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Integrated programs for common mental illnesses within primary care and community settings in Latin America: a scoping review of components and implementation strategies
No full textIntegrated programs for common mental illnesses are evidence-informed practices yet to be routinely implemented in Latin America. It synthesizes the literature on integrated programs for common mental illnesses (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder) in Latin American primary care and community settings. It maps program components (the ‘what’) to the collaborative care model core components and implementation strategies (the ‘how’) to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy. Results from 18 programs across six countries (Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) show wide heterogeneity in component and strategy combinations. Overall, provider-level components and strategies were more common than family- or community-level ones. ‘Team-based care’ was the most commonly reported component, and ‘family/user engagement’ the least. The most common implementation strategy was ‘supporting clinicians,’ while ‘changing infrastructure’ was the least. Programs commonly addressed depression and only four followed experimental designs. We found limited evidence on the potential mechanisms of integrated program components and strategies.Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia UniversityAsociación para la Salud Mental FUNDAMENTALColorado School of Public Health University of Colorado DenverCentro de INCAP -Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá- para la Investigación y Prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas (CIIPEC)Department Sociomedical Sciences Mailman School of Public Health Columbia UniversityMédicos Sin Fronteras LatinoaméricaNew York Psychiatric Institute Columbia University Irving Medical CenterDepartment of Population and Family Health Mailman School of Public Health Columbia UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry Columbia UniversityFaculdade de Ciencias e Letras Universidade Estadual de Sao PauloHospital de Salud Mental Dr. Federico MoraHIASGlobal Mental Health Lab Teachers College Columbia UniversityDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Global Public Health New York UniversityDepartamento de Psicologia Centro Universitário UNAFaculdade de Ciencias e Letras Universidade Estadual de Sao Paul
Mediating role of organized sports participation on the relationship between body fatness and arterial wall thickness among adolescents: ABCD Growth Study
No full textBackground: Participation in sports is the main manifestation/subdomain of physical exercise in adolescents and affects cardiovascular health in different ways. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between body fatness and arterial wall thickness as well as the mediating role of sports participation in this relationship among adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study is linked to the ABCD-Growth Study conducted in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. The study sample included 402 adolescents (275 boys and 127 girls) aged 11–17 years recruited from schools (non-sport group) and sports clubs (sports group). Sex-stratified multivariate model was created using structural equation modelling (SEM) with carotid (CIMT) and femoral arterial wall thickness (FIMT) as dependent variables were assessed by an ultrasound device. Body fatness percentage (BF) as the independent variable and was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and sports participation as a moderator was assessed by face-to-face interviews. The maturity offset and dyslipidemia were treated as confounders in the mediation models. Results: In girls, body fatness was positively associated with FIMT (r = 0.210 [95%CI: 0.035; 0.372]) but not with CIMT (r= -0.148 [95%CI: -0.314; 0.027]), whereas sports participation was not associated with vascular structure. In boys, body fatness was inversely related to CIMT (r= -0.285 [95%CI: -0.390; -0.172]) and positively to FIMT (r = 0.129 [95%CI: 0.011; 0.244]), whereas sports participation was inversely related to FIMT (r= -0.142 [95%CI: -0.256; -0.024]). Among boys, sports participation mediated 7.4% of the relationship between body fatness and FIMT, and the association between body fatness and FIMT remained significant (r = 0.168 [95%CI: 0.037; 0.299]). Conclusions: Sports participation mediates the relationship between BF and arterial thickness in adolescent boys.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE) Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Physical Education Federal University of Sergipe (UFS)Department of Physical Education Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande do NorteFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of JyväskyläInstitute of Biomedicine School of Medicine University of Eastern FinlandDepartment of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Sciences, 305, Roberto Simonsen StreetLaboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE) Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Sciences, 305, Roberto Simonsen StreetFAPESP: 2021/08655-2FAPESP: 2022/09796-1CAPES: Finance Code 00
Gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors distinctly affect sunflower morphometric and growth dynamics
No full textEvaluating the growth characteristics of plant cultivars and their interaction with the technologies adopted to control phenotypic characteristics is paramount in understanding the phenomena that occur in various phenological phases. The use of plant growth regulators (PGR) can help solve the problem of lodging. Thus, the premise of this research is that management with different gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors promotes the control of plant height and stem diameter phenotypic characteristics and interferes with the sunflower crop's growth behavior. The research was carried out in the field over two crop seasons, 2020/2021 and 2021/2022, in a randomized block design, with subdivided plots consisting of two sunflower cultivars, TERA 868 HO and HELIO 251, three gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors (trinexapac-ethyl, chlormequat chloride, and paclobutrazol) and control, with four replicates. Evaluations measuring plant height and stem diameter and growth analysis were taken. Depending on the cultivar, plant growth regulator, and evaluation period, plant height, stem diameter, and growth analysis were affected differently. Trinexapac-ethyl and chlormequat chloride induced a more pronounced decrease in TERA 868 HO height at 30 and 45 DAA in the 2021/22 crop season while concurrently fostering an increase in HELIO 251 stem diameter in the 2021/22 crop season compared to the other treatments. Regarding growth, decreases were observed in absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate, as well as increases in leaf area ratio. The most significant expression of the effects occurred 30 days after application (DAA) under trinexapac-ethyl and chlormequat chloride.School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Production Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA) São Paulo State University (UNESP), zip code: 18610-034, SPBiodiversity and Biostatistics Department Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPSchool of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Production Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA) São Paulo State University (UNESP), zip code: 18610-034, SPBiodiversity and Biostatistics Department Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), S
Full-arch prostheses supported by implants with different macrostructures: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
No full textObjectives: This study evaluates the clinical performance of implants with hydrophilic surface and two different macrostructures: cylindrical with perforating triangular threads (CT) and cylindrical-tapered with the association of square and condensing and perforating triangular threads (TST). Materials and methods: This was a multicenter split-mouth, simple-blinded, randomized, and controlled trial. Thirty patients with edentulous mandible received two CT and two TST implants. Primary stability was determined by insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Implants were loaded with full fixed-arch prostheses within 24 h after insertion. Clinical parameters (visible plaque index, marginal bleeding index; bleeding on probing; probing depth; and clinical attachment level) and the RFA were assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months after implant loading. Marginal bone level changes were measured by comparison of standardized radiographs taken on the day of implant placement and 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter. Results: Twenty-eight patients completed the 2-year follow-up. The survival rates were 99.16% for CT implants and 100% for TST implants. One CT implant was lost until the 2 months follow-up. No significant differences were found between the two implant types for marginal bone level changes (CT 0.34 [0.24; 0.55 mm]; 0.33 [0.18; 0.55 mm]; 0.41 [0.12; 0.7 mm] vs TST 0.36 [0.14; 0.74 mm]; 0.33 [0.23; 0.63 mm]; 0.30 [0.20; 0.64 mm] at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively) and other clinical parameters. Conclusion: The macrostructure of the implants had no influence on survival rate, primary and secondary stability, marginal bone level changes, and peri-implant clinical parameters outcomes. Both implants can be predictably used for immediate loading of full-arch mandibular prostheses.Department of Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry at Araraquara Univ. Est. Paulista/UNESPDepartment of Periodontology School of Dentistry at Uberlândia Federal University of UberlândiaImplantology Instituto Latino-americano de Pesquisa Odontológica (ILAPEO)Department of Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry at Araraquara Univ. Est. Paulista/UNES
Eco-morphological convergence among Neotropical deer
No full textAdaptative convergences of ecomorphological traits are widespread in several animal lineages. Among Neotropical deer there are very similar species characterized by a set of homoplasies: small body sizes, spiked antlers, and front legs shorter than the rear legs. These species are in different phylogenetic clades among larger and branched-antlered sympatric species, which are considered ancestral traits. It is hypothesized that the convergence of these morphological traits is an adaptation to living in dense forests. This study tested whether the spiked-antlered species are more associated with forest environments compared with branched-antlered species, which antler type—spike or branched—represents the ancestral morphotype, and if there is a correlation between phylogenetic distance (PD) and ecological difference (ED) in this species group. We found that spiked-antlered species had a more significant association with forest environments than branched-antlered species, with the latter morphotype being associated with higher body mass. Our ancestral state reconstructions indicate the branched-antlered morphotype as the ancestral trait. The correlation between PD and ED was weak in this group. The evolutionary pathway of this antler morphology underscores the remarkable plasticity of this trait in Neotropical deer.Department of Biological Sciences and Health Univeristy of AraraquaraDeer Research and Conservation Center Sao Paulo State UniversityGenetic and Morphology Department Institute of Biological Sciences University of BraziliaDeer Research and Conservation Center Sao Paulo State Universit
The covalent bond teaching in higher education from a learning perspective: A proposal based on the research program on conceptual profile
No full textA ligação covalente é um conceito central na Química e também polissêmico, com significados advindos de diferentes teorias desenvolvidas ao longo da história das Ciências. No contexto de ensino-aprendizagem, a forma como essas teorias são tradicionalmente abordadas pode se constituir de uma fonte de obstáculos, sobretudo de natureza epistemológica e ontológica, a compreensão das especificidades relacionadas a elas. Como forma de modelar as diferentes formas do pensamento verbal acerca do conceito, foi proposto por Baltieri um Perfil Conceitual para a Ligação Covalente, a partir das diferentes formas de se conceber o conceito, estabilizadas por compromissos epistemológicos e ontológicos investigados em três domínios genéticos distintos. Como o próprio Baltieri aponta, a exploração do domínio microgenético foi limitada a um questionário aplicado a poucos estudantes, podendo comprometer o estabelecimento de fortes relações com os dados obtidos nos demais domínios. Com isso, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de dois objetivos principais: uma revisão do perfil proposto, a partir de uma investigação mais aprofundada do domínio microgenético, e análise das diferentes formas de conceber a ligação covalente em livros didáticos de Química Inorgânica no Ensino Superior, a partir do perfil conceitual da ligação covalente. Para a revisão do perfil, em um primeiro momento foi aplicado o questionário a um número consideravelmente maior de estudantes de Química do Ensino Superior, e em diferentes cursos, visando maior pluralidade de participantes. Da análise das respostas, identificou-se os compromissos epistemológicos e ontológicos que os estudantes concebem ao falar acerca da ligação covalente, e traçou-se relações com aqueles identificados nos demais domínios genéticos. Com isso, estabeleceu-se um Perfil Conceitual mais robusto e com zonas estabilizadas a partir dos diferentes domínios. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa, investigou-se como diferentes livros didáticos utilizados em cursos de Química no Ensino Superior concebem a ligação covalente em contextos de explicação e aplicação desse conceito. O Perfil Conceitual foi utilizado nessa etapa para identificar como as diferentes concepções são abordadas no livro e possíveis impactos para processos de ensino-aprendizagem relacionados com o conceito. Os livros mostraram considerar os diferentes significados e muitas de suas especificidades para aplicar em contextos, porém também foram identificados trechos com obstáculos epistemológicos e ontológicos. Da análise dos resultados, foi possível apontar potencialidades do uso do Perfil Conceitual da Ligação covalente na investigação e proposição de processos de ensino-aprendizagem mais plurais e abrangentes, que levem em conta a polissemia em torno do conceito.The covalent bond is a central concept in chemistry and is also polysemous, with complementary meanings from different theories developed throughout the history of science. In the teaching-learning context, the way these theories are traditionally approached can constitute a source of obstacles, especially of an epistemological and ontological nature, to understanding the specificities related to them. As a way of modeling the different forms of verbal thinking about the concept, Baltieri (2020) proposed a Conceptual Profile for the Covalent Bond. To identify the main epistemological and ontological commitments that stabilize these different ways of conceiving the concept, three genetic domains were investigated: ontogenetic, sociocultural and microgenetic. The relationships identified and revealed in these domains, elaborated as specific areas of the profile. However, as the author himself points out, the exploration of the microgenetic domain was limited to a questionnaire administered to some students, which could compromise the establishment of strong relationships with data obtained in other domains. Therefore, the present research was developed responding to two main objectives: a review of the proposed profile, based on a more in-depth investigation in the microgenetic domain, and an exploration of the potential of this profile within the teaching-learning context. To review the profile, the questionnaire was initially applied to a much larger number of higher education chemistry students, and in different courses, investigating a greater plurality of contexts. From the analysis of the responses, the epistemological and ontological commitments that students conceive when talking about the covalent bond are agreed, and draw relationships with those identified in other genetic domains. With this, a more robust Conceptual profile was distributed with stabilized areas from different domains. In the second stage of the research, we investigated how different textbooks used in Chemistry courses in higher education conceive the covalent bond in contexts of explanation and application of this concept. The Conceptual Profile was used at this stage to identify how different concepts are addressed in the book and possible impacts on teaching-learning processes related to the concept. The books showed that they consider different meanings and many of their specificities to be applied in contexts, but sections with epistemological and ontological obstacles were also identified. From the analysis of the results, it was possible to point out the potential for using the Covalent Bond Conceptual Profile in investigating and proposing more plural and comprehensive teaching-learning processes, which take into account the polysemy surrounding the concept.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)141091/2020-
Imaging Studies of the Stifle Joint in Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)
No full textAlthough the stifle joint of wild felines shares several characteristics observed in domestic cats, other characteristics are specific to each species. This study aimed to evaluate the stifle joints of eight Puma concolor, including two young and six adults, through different imaging examinations. All stifles were assessed using radiographs and computed tomography (CT). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the stifles of one animal using 7 Tesla equipment. In all imaging modalities, the four sesamoid bones were detected. Meniscal mineralization was identified in the stifles of three adult animals and one young animal. The cruciate ligaments and menisci were identified on CT, with MRI providing better visualization. The mean values of CT measurements (cm2) in the sagittal section included patella (2.475), medial fabella (0.481), lateral fabella (0.772), popliteal sesamoid (0.222), and medial meniscus (0.051). No differences were found in HU values between the central trabecular bone of the patella and popliteal sesamoid, the cortical bone of the patella and lateral and medial fabellas, or the cortical bone of the patella and popliteal sesamoid. In conclusion, the descriptions of the stifle of Puma concolor from the different imaging methods contribute to understanding the species and can serve as a basis for identifying alterations.Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)Imaging Platform in the Autopsy Room (PISA) Faculty of Medicine University of São PauloDepartment of Veterinary Science University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP
Development of hierarchically structured heterogeneous catalysts with mixed crystallographic structure for the potential production of high value-added molecules derived from biomass
No full textNeste trabalho visou-se a síntese e caracterização de novos metalossilicatos a base de Cr, Mo, Ni, Sn e V hierarquicamente estruturados, utilizando um polímero surfactante (cloreto de poli(dialildimetilamônio)) como promotor de mesoporos, e a aplicação desses materiais com como catalisadores heterogêneos para a valorização de moléculas derivadas de biomassa. A fim de amplificar a atividade catalítica desses materiais, suas superfícies foram moduladas por impregnação com metais de transição (Cu ou Fe). Os materiais foram caracterizados por diferentes técnicas físico-químicas como Adsorção/dessorção de N2, Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Redução Programada em Hidrogênio (H2-TPR), Espectroscopia de Emissão Óptica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES), Microscopias Eletrônica de Transmissão e Varredura (MET e MEV), Dessorção programada de amônia (NH3-TPD) e Espectroscopia de Fotoelétrons excitados por Raios-X (XPS). Os dados de DRX indicam que novos metalossilicatos foram sintetizados com reflexões não identificadas na literatura, esses dados também indicam que o processo de impregnação foi bem-sucedido. Os dados de análise textural indicam que o cromo e o níquel silicatos sintetizados são materiais mesoporosos (diâmetro médio de poros de 5,4nm e 5,3 nm respectivamente), já os outros três materiais sintetizados apresentaram baixíssima área específica (2,3 m2.g-1 para o molibdênico silicato, 2 m2.g-1 para o estanho silicato e 2,3 m2.g-1 para o vanádio silicato). Os outros dados de caracterização corroboram com esses dados indicando que novos materiais foram produzidos, porém não sendo hierarquicamente estruturados. Os resultados catalíticos para os materiais foram: O cromo silicato sintetizado e impregnado com cobre (10% em massa) apresentou resultado catalítico promissor para a conversão do furfural em álcool furfurílico, gerando 100% de conversão e 86% de seletividade. Esse material também apresentou potencial de reuso, apresentando a eficiência inalterada após três ciclos de reuso. O molibdênio silicato sintetizado quando testado como catalisador para a conversão da frutose em 5-hidroximetilfurfural foi capaz de converter 37% da frutose e gerar o produto desejado com 88% de seletividade. Esse material após ser impregnado com ferro (10% em massa) também apresentou atividade promissora para a conversão do 5-hidroximetilfurfural em ácido levulínico com conversão de 29% e seletividade de 22%. Por sua vez, o níquel silicato produzido também apresentou resultados catalíticos promissores, especialmente para a conversão do álcool furfurílico em álcool tetrahidrofurfurílico, com 100% de conversão e 47% de seletividade. Esse material perdeu 50% de sua eficiência catalítica após três ciclos de reuso nesse sistema. Já o estanho silicato impregnado com cobre (10% em massa) apresentou resultado promissor na conversão do 2-hidroxitetrahidropirano em delta-velerolactona, apresentando conversão de 15% e seletividade de 46%. Por fim, o vanádio silicato produzido e impregnado com ferro (10% em massa) também apresentou resultado relevante para a conversão do 5-hidroximetilfurfural em ácido levulínico com conversão de 18% e seletividade de 51%. Os dados catalíticos indicam que os novos materiais produzidos durante a execução deste trabalho são catalisadores heterogêneos promissores para os sistemas estudados.This work aimed to synthesize and characterize new hierarchically structured metalosilicates based on Cr, Mo, Ni, Sn, and V, using a surfactant polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)) as a mesopore promoter, and to apply these materials as heterogeneous catalysts for the valorization of biomass-derived molecules. To enhance the catalytic activity of these materials, their surfaces were modified by impregnation with transition metals (Cu or Fe). The materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques such as N₂ adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H₂-TPR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD data indicate that new metalosilicates were successfully synthesized, with reflections not previously reported in the literature, and that the impregnation process was successful. Textural analysis data show that the synthesized chromium and nickel silicates are mesoporous materials (with average pore diameters of 5.4 nm and 5.3 nm, respectively), while the other three synthesized materials exhibited very low specific surface areas (2.3 m²·g⁻¹ for molybdenum silicate, 2 m²·g⁻¹ for tin silicate, and 2.3 m²·g⁻¹ for vanadium silicate). Other characterization data support these findings, indicating that new materials were produced, though not hierarchically structured. The catalytic results for the materials were as follows: The synthesized chromium silicate impregnated with copper (10 wt%) showed promising catalytic performance for the conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol, achieving 100% conversion and 86% selectivity. This material also demonstrated potential for reuse, maintaining its efficiency after three reuse cycles. The synthesized molybdenum silicate, when tested as a catalyst for the conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), was able to convert 37% of the fructose with 88% selectivity for the desired product. After impregnation with iron (10 wt%), this material also showed promising activity for the conversion of HMF into levulinic acid, achieving 29% conversion and 22% selectivity. The produced nickel silicate also showed promising catalytic results, especially for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol into tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, with 100% conversion and 47% selectivity. However, this material lost 50% of its catalytic efficiency after three reuse cycles in this system. The tin silicate impregnated with copper (10 wt%) showed a promising result in the conversion of 2-hydroxytetrahydropyran into delta-valerolactone, with 15% conversion and 46% selectivity. Finally, the vanadium silicate produced and impregnated with iron (10 wt%) also showed a relevant result for the conversion of HMF into levulinic acid, with 18% conversion and 51% selectivity. The catalytic data indicate that the new materials produced during the execution of this work are promising heterogeneous catalysts for the studied systems.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP: 2020/10737-
Physical and Sensory Long-Term Disabilities from Bothrops Snakebite Envenomings in Manaus, Western Brazilian Amazon
No full textSnakebites caused by Bothrops snakes are the most prevalent in the Amazon region, causing local and systemic complications. Local complications are mostly represented by necrosis, secondary bacterial infection and compartment syndrome. There are reports of long-term disabilities, but their burden is poorly investigated. This study aims to describe and estimate the frequency of physical and sensory long-term disabilities from Bothrops snakebites in the Manaus Region, in the western Brazilian Amazon region. Participants were >18-years individuals that accepted to return to the hospital 3–12 months (average follow-up time of 195 days) after the discharge for neuromusculoskeletal, chronic pain and sensory assessments. Assessment of disability was also performed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Factors associated with summary disability using WHODAS 2.0 were identified. Fifty participants were enrolled. A frequency of 20% of the participants reported difficulty in moving the affected limb (20%), and 23.7% reported difficulty in walking. Limitations of daily activities were reported by 26% of the patients. Decreased strength of the affected limb was observed in 22% of the patients. Decreased range of joint motion was seen in 20% of the patients. Chronic pain was reported in 48% of the patients. Tactile sensibility was decreased in 30%, thermal sensibility in 14%, painful sensibility (hypoalgesia) in 12%, kinetic-postural sensibility (hypokinesthesia) in 4% and vibratory sensibility was decreased or abolished in 16% of the participants. Cognition and mobility domains were those with the highest frequencies of participants with any degree of disability, each with 57%. The summary WHODAS 2.0 disability rate was 59%. Age > 59 years (p = 0.02)] was associated with protection against disability. Difficulty in moving the limb (p = 0.05), pain at the affected limb (p < 0.01), limitations of daily activities (p < 0.01) and decreased thermal sensibility (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with disability. The present study consists of the first follow-up investigation involving Bothrops snakebite patients related to long-term disabilities. These findings represent important data on Bothrops snakebites causing clinically significant long-term neuromusculoskeletal and sensory disabilities, resulting in reduced quality of life of the patients.Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine State University of Amazonas, AmazonasDr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Foundation for Tropical Medicine, AmazonasGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, AmazonasBioindustrial Center Butantan Institute, São PauloDepartment of Clinical Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), São PauloDepartment of Clinical Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paul
Timing since deforestation for pastures implementation in the western Amazon: Impacts on stream water biogeochemistry
No full textWater quality degradation is a global concern and land use changes is one of the main causes of water pollution globally. In the Brazilian Amazon, large-scale deforestation is mostly associated to pasturelands, with strong implications for soils and stream waters biogeochemistry and resulting in environmental degradation. Studies addressing soil biogeochemistry in Amazonian pastures of different ages documented a consistent pattern of elements peaking on the first years after deforestation, followed by a continuous decrease until reach depletion in older, degraded pastures. The same pattern is expected on the adjacent stream water biogeochemistry due to the land-water connection; however, this issue has not being explored. We assessed how timing since deforestation impacts water biogeochemistry in streams of Rondônia State, Brazil, a region that showed a relatively fast colonization process associated to large-scale deforestation for pasture implementation since 1970. Mapping deforestation from 1984 to 2011 and collecting water samples in 2012 for 41 headwater catchments, we (i) compared water biogeochemistry among streams draining undisturbed catchments with primary forests (PRI) and streams draining pasture catchments deforested mostly in a recent (NEW) and in a distant past (OLD); and (ii) related water biogeochemistry with land use intensity (pasture permanency along years), also considering the effect of covariates (soils, forest cover, and catchment area) in our analysis. Our results indicate that pasture implementation altered the concentrations of ions and nutrients in the stream ecosystem, with distinct water quality impacts between newer and older pastures. In general, the longer the area stayed under pasture use, the larger were the alterations in the water biogeochemistry (lower NO3−, DOC, and DOX and higher Ca2+, Mg2+, DIC and COND). Pasture degradation is a widespread process in the Amazon and it is strongly associated to increasing deforestation. Thus, pasture reclamation and intensification is urgently necessary to achieve the long-term productivity and sustainability of Amazonian pasturelands, avoiding new deforestation and environmental degradation. Adopting Best Management Practices (riparian forested buffers) is another action to protect water resources in the region.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Division of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, SPDepartment of Biodiversity São Paulo State University, 1515 24-A Avenue, SPDepartment of Biological Sciences São Paulo State University, 2265 Cristóvão Colombo Street, SPDepartment of Forest Sciences “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 9, SPDepartment of Biodiversity São Paulo State University, 1515 24-A Avenue, SPDepartment of Biological Sciences São Paulo State University, 2265 Cristóvão Colombo Street, SPFAPESP: 2010/17494-8FAPESP: 2012/21916-0FAPESP: 2015/05827-