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Heat stress affects milk yield, milk quality, and gene expression profiles in mammary cells of Girolando cows
No full textHeat stress during lactation affects the physiological responses, hormonal release, health, and productivity of dairy cows. However, the adverse effects of heat stress on milk synthesis, immune response, and cellular apoptosis in mammary cells remains unknown in Bos indicus cows. This study aimed to understand the relationship between milk yield, milk quality, and the expression of genes related to milk synthesis, cell apoptosis, and immune response in mammary cells of Girolando cows. A total of 24 Girolando cows (3/4 Holstein and 1/4 Gir) were subjected to control (CT; with a temperature-humidity index ranging from 60 to 74, n = 12) or heat stress treatments (HS; with a temperature-humidity index ranging from 60 to 85, n = 12), from 111 to 120 d of lactation. Heat stress significantly increased the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPD1 and HSPD90AA1), insulin receptors (INSR), and prolactin receptor (PRLRsf) genes, and decreased the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene in mammary cells of the HS cows when compared with the CT cows. The HS cows exhibited significantly higher vaginal temperatures and cortisol release compared with the CT cows. Moreover, the HS cows had significantly lower DMI and milk yield than CT cows. Although, HS cows showed higher percentage of lymphocytes in milk when compared with that from CT cows. We found no effect of heat stress on other leukocyte counts, somatic cell counts, bacterial counts in milk, or milk composition. Finally, this study demonstrated that Girolando cows are susceptible to heat stress, which decreases milk yield and affects the expression of genes linked to milk synthesis in the mammary cells.Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Dairy Cattle), MGDepartment of Basic Sciences Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP), SPFaculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), S
Physical characteristics of Jupiter's Trojan (1437) Diomedes from a tri-chord stellar occultation in 2020 and dimensionless three-dimensional model
No full textJupiter Trojans preserve primitive formation characteristics owing to their collisionless, stable orbits. Determination of their shapes and size-frequency distribution helps constrain the collisional evolution of their parent population, which also originated the Kuiper Belt. We started a programme to find precise sizes/shapes for Trojans, combining stellar occultations and the Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques (DAMIT) three-dimensional shape models. We report results for Diomedes, by fitting its unit dimensionless three-dimensional model to three chords of a stellar occultation observed in 2020, using iterative χ2 procedures. The pole coordinates, rotation period, volume-equivalent radius and geometric albedo were λ = 153.73°± 2.5°, β = 12.69° ± 2.6°, P = 24.4984 ± 0.0002 h, Req = 59.4 ± 0.3 km and pV = 0.030 ± 0.004, respectively. A precise position was also obtained. This article is part of the theme issue 'Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations'.Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro - Observatório Do Valongo, RJLaboratório Interinstitucional de E-Astronomia - LineA, RJObservatoire de ParisInstituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), MGUniversidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), SPFederal University of Technology - Paraná (PPGFA/UTFPR-Curitiba), PRObservatório Nacional/MCTI, RJInternational Occultation Timing Association (IOTA)Cabrillo CollegeBiological Sciences California State UniversityCabrillo College and Earth Futures Institute UC Santa Cruz, 6500 Soquel DriveUniversidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), S
母体蛋白质限制对老年大鼠背外侧前列腺细胞外基质的影响。
No full textExposure to insults during critical periods of development, such as pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood, can induce irreversible morphofunctional changes in the fetus, a phenomenon known as Fetal Programming (FP). Maternal protein restriction (MPR), a well-established model of FP, is associated with low birth weight, dysregulation of steroid hormone levels throughout life, and alterations in several
systems, including the male genitals and prostate gland. The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male genital system that plays an important role in reproductive success and is frequently affected by
pathologies such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer during aging. Evidence suggests that structural and inflammatory changes in prostate tissue can promote lesions, increasing its reactivity and
predisposing it to carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of MPR on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) of senescent rats. Pregnant Sprague Dawley
rats were divided into two groups: Control (CTR), a normal-protein diet (17% protein) during gestation and lactation; and Gestational and Lactational Low-Protein Diet (GLLP) - a low-protein diet (6%) during
the same period. At 540 postnatal days, male pups were euthanized, and the PDL (DHL) was collected for morphometric analysis, quantification of mast cells, total collagen, protein expression of ECM
components, and gelatinolytic activity. The results revealed an increased epithelial fraction and reduced stroma, higher mast cell density, and increased MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity in the PDL of the GLLP
group. It is concluded that PDL promotes an altered prostate microenvironment in senescence, characterized by ECM remodeling and inflammation, and highlights DOHaD as a key player in the
genesis of prostate diseases in the elderly.A exposição a insultos durante períodos críticos do desenvolvimento, como gestação, lactação e a primeira infância pode induzir alterações morfofuncionais irreversíveis no feto, fenômeno conhecido como Programação Fetal (PF). A restrição proteica materna (RPM), um modelo consolidado de PF, está associada a baixo peso ao nascer, desregulação dos níveis de hormônios esteroides ao longo da vida e alterações em diversos sistemas, incluindo o genital masculino e a glândula prostática. A próstata é uma glândula exócrina do sistema genital masculino que cumpre um papel importante no sucesso reprodutivo, sendo frequentemente acometida por patologias como hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer de próstata ao envelhecimento. Evidências sugerem que alterações estruturais e inflamatórias no tecido prostático podem promover lesões, aumentando sua reatividade e predisposição à carcinogênese. Diante disso, este estudo investigou os efeitos da RPM na matriz extracelular (MEC) da próstata dorsolateral (PDL) de ratos senescentes. Ratas Sprague Dawley gestantes foram distribuídas em dois grupos: Controle (CTR), dieta normoproteica (17% de proteína) durante a gestação e lactação; e Gestational and Lactational Low-Protein diet (GLLP) - dieta hipoproteica (6%) no mesmo período. Aos 540 dias pós-natais, os filhotes machos foram eutanasiados e a PDL coletada para análises morfométricas, quantificação de mastócitos, colágeno total, expressão proteica de componentes da MEC e atividade gelatinolítica. Os resultados revelaram aumento da fração epitelial e redução do estroma, maior densidade de mastócitos e atividade gelatinolítica aumentada da MMP-2 na PDL do grupo GLLP. Conclui-se que a RPM promove um microambiente prostático alterado na senescência, caracterizado por remodelação da MEC e inflamação, e destaca o DOHaD como peça-chave na gênese de doenças prostáticas do idoso.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)2019/01374-
Predation performance of Podisus nigrispinus (DALLAS) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in caterpillars of Spodoptera eridania (CRAMER) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
No full textReducing the diversification of agroecosystems has minimized the occurrence of natural enemies and favored that of pest insects. Spodoptera eridania (CRAMER) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan insect-pest that has a high range of economically important crops as hosts. In order to suppress the population increase of this pest, biological control becomes an interesting alternative. The objective of this study was to verify the predatory performance of Podisus nigrispinus (DALLAS) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on S. eridania caterpillars as a function of predator age, aiming to understand their potential for your use as a biological control agent in pest management programs. The performance bioassay was carried out using the methodology of functional response with measures repeated in the time, seeking to understand the influence of the age of the predator and the density of prey on its potential. The sphericity between the ages and predation of the predator was verified. A survival analysis was performed to verify if the number of preys would affect the predator's longevity. The functional response of type II was observed, with the Holling model better fitted to the data. The parameters, search efficiency (a) and handling time (Th), were affected by the age of the predator. The efficiency tended to decrease, while the handling time increased, as the predator's age increased. However, P. nigrispinus was estimated to consume 145 caterpillars up to the age of 17 days. Younger predators have the greatest estimation of the maximum number of S. eridania caterpillars consumed. The predator's survival curves according to number of preys were similar. Moreover, the predation habit occurs throughout the adult age of the predator.State Secretariat of Education of the State of Espírito Santo - SEDU/ES, Av. José Alexandre, 713, Center, ESFederal University of Espírito Santo - UFES Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering Department of Agronomy, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, ESPaulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Barbosa de Barros Street, 1780, SPCapixaba Institute of Research Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - INCAPER CPDI Serrano - Experimental Farm Mendes da Fonseca, BR 262 km 94, ESFederal University of Viçosa - UFV Department of Entomology - BIOAGRO, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs; s/n, MGPaulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Barbosa de Barros Street, 1780, S
Osmopriming aumenta a germinação de sementes da palmeira juçara
No full textJussara palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.) is an economically significant palm due to the extraction of the palm heart and acai fruits. However, both extractions reduce the ability of the plant to recover in nature. Thus, it is essential to understand and improve the palm propagation methods. Osmoconditioning is a technology that maximizes seed germination rates and seedling production. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different potassium nitrate concentrations on the jussara palm seed germination process. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of five concentrations of KNO3 (0 - control, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g L-1). Four replications were used per treatment, with 25 seeds each. Data collection occurred daily, considering seeds that emitted the coleoptile as germinated until germination stabilized for all treatments. The Germination Speed Index (GSI) was evaluated, and the germination percentage (%) was determined at the end of the experiment. It was found that priming with KNO3 had a significant effect (p<0.05) on all evaluated characteristics. The seeds of the jussara palm showed a linear response with increasing concentrations for germination percentage. Osmoconditioning with KNO3 promotes an increase in the percentage and speed of germination of jussara seeds.Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, JaboticabalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas GeraisUniversity of FloridaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticaba
Effect of applied loads on passive rolling coulters for cutting crop residues
No full textNo-till system technology has created challenges for grain production in tropical regions, requiring alternative techniques for managing crops' residues during sowing. In context, this research aimed to relate the four straw-cutting discs effect under three vertical loads, analyzing the energy performance in corn brachiária consortium residues. A Soil Tillage Test Unit (STTU) was developed for controlled in-field tests. Three vertical load effects (2880, 3370, and 3860 N) applied to four models of cutting discs were evaluated: plain, turbo, notched, and bubble. The experimental design adopted was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 4 × 3 double factorial, with four cutting mechanisms and three vertical loads. The evaluations included mobilized soil, working depth, average drawbar force, horizontal force per area of mobilized soil, specific force, power demanded, hourly fuel consumption, and specific fuel consumption. Positive angular coefficients were obtained for all disc models, with linear adjustment between the increase in vertical loads and force demand. Determination coefficients of 0.99 and 0.97 for Plain and Turbo discs, respectively, in addition to 0.88 for Bubble and 0.90 for Notched discs. Turbo-type discs reached the soil depths lowest. The disc model determines soil effects by depth and soil mobilized. The Turbo disc reached the soil's lowest depths. Increasing the vertical load applied to the cutting discs results in greater disturbance to the ground.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)School of Agronomy Federal University of Goiás (UFG)Agricultural Engineering Department Federal University of Lavras (UFLA)Agricultural Sciences Inst. Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley (UFVJM)Cassilândia University Unit Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS)Rural Engineering Department University of São Paulo State (UNESP)Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine University of Brasília (UnB)Rural Engineering Department University of São Paulo State (UNESP
The production processes of Social Assistance workers : insurgent contributions of the Intercessor Device
No full textNesta intercessão-pesquisa problematizamos a nossa práxis a partir da posição de um trabalhador-intercessor que desenvolvia ações de supervisão técnica, capacitações e assessorias no âmbito da Política Nacional de Educação de Permanente do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (PNEP/SUAS) (Brasil, 2013) junto aos trabalhadores que compunham algumas equipes de referências dos estabelecimentos socioassistenciais do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) em municípios do interior paulista. Partimos de questões sobre o processo de institucionalização da PNEP/SUAS (Brasil, 2013), como o processo de formação e capacitação dos trabalhadores vem ocorrendo, os processos de formação/produção de trabalhadores do SUAS disponíveis na atualidade e seus funcionamentos e fundamentos teóricos, técnicos, políticos e éticos. Perguntamos: como uma empresa de assessoria privada que se pauta pelos valores éticos do SUAS (direitos sociais, cidadania, democracia, participação popular, transformação social) se posiciona diante da exigência em responder a encomenda da contratante ou problematiza a demanda procurando contemplar as pulsações instituintes da demanda social e os direitos dos sujeitos sociais e famílias dos estabelecimentos socioassistenciais? Desta pergunta outras duas se desdobram. Como os trabalhadores aprendem para realizar seu trabalho no SUAS? E como são os processos de formação de trabalhadores no contexto da sociedade capitalista que está promovendo intensos processos de precarização das relações trabalhistas? Acreditamos que os trabalhadores que operam com os processos de formação dos trabalhadores da Assistência Social (AS) enfrentam desafios em se aproximar do lugar de quem vai problematizar a práxis no cotidiano do trabalhador social. O Dispositivo Intercessor (DI) foi nossa estratégia metodológica por acreditarmos que ele pode contribuir para desvendarmos alguns dos muitos impasses no campo do trabalho psicossocial no SUAS, buscando promover a superação da divisão do trabalho entre saber e fazer. O DI foi desenvolvido em dois momentos. No primeiro foram realizadas intercessões com as equipes de referência da Proteção Social Básica (PSB) e Proteção Social Especial (PSE) de dois municípios do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O segundo momento, denominado de Dispositivo Intercessor como Meio de Produção de Conhecimento (DIMPC) foi operacionalizado quando refletirmos sobre nossa práxis, produzindo análises críticas e escrevemos nossos ensaios que compõem essa tese. As bases do DI incluem perspectivas transdisciplinares do Materialismo Histórico de Marx; da Análise Institucional (AI), da Filosofia da Diferença de Deleuze e Guattari, com as análises de Foucault sobre instituições na Sociedade Disciplinar e na Sociedade de Segurança, e no plano das Relações de Poder e, principalmente, da Psicanálise no campo de Freud e Lacan. Nos ocupamos de problematizar o campo das práticas de formação de trabalhadores e a nossa práxis como trabalhador que desenvolvia ações de Educação Permanente no SUAS, buscando contribuir para que outros trabalhadores possam se inspirar para singularizar as suas práticas e fortalecer as forças instituintes presentes nas lutas sociais.In this intercession-research we problematize our praxis from the position of a worker-intercessor who developed technical supervision, training and advisory actions within the scope of the National Permanent Education Policy of the Unified Social Assistance System (PNEP/SUAS) (Brazil, 2013) together with the workers who made up some reference teams from the social assistance establishments of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) in municipalities in the interior of São Paulo. We start with questions about the process of institutionalization of PNEP/SUAS (Brazil, 2013), how the process of training and training of workers has been taking place, the processes of training/production of SUAS workers currently available and their functioning and theoretical foundations, technical, political and ethical. We ask: how does a private consultancy company that is guided by the ethical values of SUAS (social rights, citizenship, democracy, popular participation, social transformation) position itself in the face of the requirement to respond to the contractor's order or problematize the demand by seeking to contemplate the instituting pulses of social demand and the rights of social subjects and families in social assistance establishments? From this question two others unfold. How do workers learn to perform their work at SUAS? And what are the worker training processes like in the context of a capitalist society that is promoting intense processes of precarious labor relations? We believe that workers who operate with the training processes of Social Assistance (AS) workers face challenges in approaching the place of those who will problematize the praxis in the daily life of social workers. The Intercessor Device (ID) was our methodological strategy because we believe that it can contribute to unveiling some of the many impasses in the field of psychosocial work at SUAS, seeking to promote overcoming the division of labor between knowing and doing. The DI was developed in two stages. In the first, intercessions were carried out with the reference teams of Basic Social Protection (PSB) and Special Social Protection (PSE) from two municipalities in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The second moment, called Intercessor Device as a Means of Knowledge Production (DIMPC) was operationalized when we reflected on our praxis, producing critical analyzes and writing our essays that make up this report. The foundations of ID include transdisciplinary perspectives from Marx's Historical Materialism; of Institutional Analysis (AI), Deleuze and Guattari's Philosophy of Difference, with Foucault's analyzes of institutions in the Disciplinary Society and the Security Society and, mainly, Psychoanalysis in the field of Freud and Lacan. We are concerned with problematizing the field of worker training practices and our praxis as a worker who developed Permanent Education actions at SUAS, seeking to contribute so that other workers can be inspired to singularize their practices and strengthen the instituting forces present in social struggles
Global dynamics and asymmetric fractal dimension in a nontwist circle map
No full textWe consider the standard nontwist map with strong dissipation that leads the system to a 1D circular map with a quadratic sinusoidal oscillation and two control parameters. The 2D Lyapunov and isoperiodic diagrams reveal a complex interplay between domains of periodicity embedded in regions dominated by quasiperiodic and chaotic behaviors. Arnold tongues and shrimp-like, among other sets of periodicities, compose this rich dynamical scenario in the parameter space. Cobwebs and bifurcation diagrams help reveal the behavior of attractors, including multistability, period-doubling, pitchfork bifurcations, as well as boundary, merging, and interior crises that influence the structures of periodicity. Furthermore, we bring to light the global organization of shrimp-like structures by carrying out a new concept of orbits, the extreme orbits, and announce that the fractal dimension, believed to be universal in the parameter space for decades, has its symmetry breaking in the vicinity of shrimp-like cascades.Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São PauloDepartamento de Estatística Matemática Aplicada e Computação Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroInstituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Três CoraçõesDepartamento de Física Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroDepartamento de Física Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Campus DiademaDepartamento de Estatística Matemática Aplicada e Computação Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroDepartamento de Física Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Clar
Assessment of the accuracy of patient-specific drilling guides for cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae in cats
No full textTen sets of vertebral biomodels and the corresponding drilling guides were created to evaluate the implantation accuracy in the cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae of cats. Smooth pins were implanted using the guides on the right side of five randomly assigned biomodel sets and on the left side of the remaining sets, with the contralateral side undergoing freehand implantation. Subsequently, a new tomographic study was conducted to measure the implantation angles. The pre-implantation angles were compared with the post-implantation angles between the techniques and among the sets. The guide-assisted implantation exhibited a lower dispersion compared to the freehand technique, with coefficients of variation of –1.95 and 48.9 in the cervical vertebrae and 1.98 and 9.39 in the lumbar vertebrae, respectively. However, no statistical difference was observed between the pre- and post-implantation angles, nor when comparing the vertebral segments (P > 0.05). Under the study conditions, the use of the guide failed to result in more accurate implantations in the C5–C6 and L4–L5 vertebral biomodels of cats.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Surgery State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP, SPFederal University of Jataí UFJ, GODepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Surgery State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP, SPCNPq: 140962/2020-4FAPESP: 2020/04404-2FAPESP: 2020/04695-
Genotyping and drug susceptibility profiling of Prototheca sp. strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs
No full textBackground: Protothecosis in dogs is a rare, yet emerging disease, distinguished by its often-aggressive clinical course and high fatality rate. Our study was conducted to enhance treatment protocols for affected dogs by better understanding the genetic diversity and drug resistance patterns of Prototheca species. Objectives: To identify species and drug susceptibility profiles of an international collection of 28 Prototheca strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs. Animals: None. Methods: Retrospective study. Species-level identification was made for isolates from 28 dogs in 6 countries by molecular typing with the partial cytb gene as a marker. For the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum algicidal concentrations (MACs), the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol (M27-A3) was used. Results: Prototheca bovis was the most prevalent species, accounting for 75% (21/28) of the cases, followed by P. wickerhamii (18%; 5/28) and P. ciferrii (7%; 2/28). Of the 6 drugs tested, efinaconazole (EFZ) was the most potent in vitro, with its median MIC and MAC values equal to 0.125 mg/L. The lowest activity was found for fluconazole (FLU), with MIC and MAC medians of 48 mg/L and 64 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Our study identifies P. bovis as the species that most frequently causes protothecosis in dogs, which suggests the possibility of cross-species infection from other animals, especially cows. Additionally, it indicates that EFZ could be used in the treatment of infection in the colon.Department of Medical Microbiology Institute of Microbiology Faculty of Biology University of WarsawIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VeneziePostgraduate Program in Animal Science Pontifical Catholic University of ParanáDepartment of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State UniversityInstitute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health Freie Universitaet BerlinDepartment of Veterinary Dermatology Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, KanagawaCentre for Veterinary Education Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyDepartment of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State Universit