233955 research outputs found
Sort by
Walls or bridges?: the relationship between innovation and intellectual property
No full textDiversos estudos têm analisado o impacto da propriedade intelectual sobre a inovação, porém, a literatura ainda não alcançou um consenso sobre seu real efeito nesse pro- cesso. Nesse sentido, há uma lacuna de pesquisa quanto à influência da propriedade intelectual na geração de inovação, no desenvolvimento de produtos tecnológicos e, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento econômico. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo é mensurar o impacto do Índice Internacional de Propriedade Intelectual (IPRI) sobre a capacidade inovadora dos países. Para atingir esse objetivo, este estudo utilizou dados em painel de 130 países no período de 2010 a 2022. O modelo econométrico Mínimos Quadrados Generalizados Factíveis (MQGF) foi empregado para garantir estimativas robustas, além da aplicação do teste de Chow para identificar diferenças estruturais entre países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Os resultados indicam uma relação negativa e estatisticamente significativa entre estruturas mais rígidas de proteção à propriedade intelectual e a capacidade inovadora dos países. Além disso, as variáveis de controle Government Effectiveness, Produto Interno Bruto, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, Índice de Complexidade Econômica, Emprego Industrial, Exportação de Produtos de Alta Tecnologia e Publicações Acadêmicas se mostraram determinantes importantes da capacidade inovadora global. Os achados deste estudo possuem implicações políticas rele- vantes, pois sugerem que os formuladores de políticas públicas reconsiderem os modelos vigentes de proteção à propriedade intelectual, de modo a garantir o reconhecimento dos inventores ao mesmo tempo que garantam a difusão de conhecimento.Several studies have analyzed the impact of intellectual property on innovation; however, the literature has yet to reach a consensus on its actual effect on this process. In this regard, there is a research gap concerning the influence of intellectual property on innovation generation, technological product development, and, consequently, economic development. Given this, the objective of this paper is to measure the impact of the International Property Rights Index (IPRI) on the innovative capacity of countries. To achieve this goal, this study used panel data from 130 countries for the period between 2010 and 2022. The econometric model Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) was employed to ensure robust estimates, along with the application of the Chow test to identify structural differences between developed and developing countries. The results indicate a negative and statistically significant relationship between stricter intellectual property protection frameworks and the innovative capacity of countries. Furthermore, the control variables—Government Effectiveness, Gross Domestic Product, Human Development Index, Economic Complexity Index, Industrial Employment, High-Tech Product Exports, and Academic Publications—were found to be important determinants of global innovative capacity. The findings of this study have significant policy implications, as they suggest that policymakers should reconsider current intellectual property protection models, ensuring both the recognition of inventors and the dissemination of knowledge.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CAPES: 88887.831024/2023-0
Associação entre letramento em saúde e aspectos sociodemográficos, funcionalidade, felicidade e percepção da pandemia de COVID-19 de pessoas idosas: estudo preliminar
No full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de FonoaudiologiaCAPES: 001CNPq: PQ: 307841/2022-
A novel mannan-specific chimeric antigen receptor M-CAR redirects T cells to interact with Candida spp. hyphae and Rhizopus oryzae spores
No full textInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) are responsible for elevated rates of morbidity and mortality, causing around of 1.5 million deaths annually worldwide. One of the main causative agents of IFIs is Candida albicans, and non-albicans Candida species have emerged as a spreading global public health concernment. Furthermore, COVID-19 has contributed to a boost in the incidence of IFIs, such as mucormycosis, in which Rhizopus oryzae is the most prevalent causative agent. The effector host immune response against IFIs depends on the activity of T cells, which are susceptible to the regulatory effects triggered by fungal virulence factors. The fungal cell wall plays a crucial role as a virulence factor, and its remodeling compromises the development of a specific T-cell response. The redirection of Jurkat T cells to target Candida spp. by recognizing targets expressed on the fungal cell wall can be facilitated using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology. This study generated an M-CAR that contains an scFv with specificity to α-1,6 mannose backbone of fungal mannan, and the expression of M-CAR on the surface of modified Jurkat cells triggered a strong activation against Candida albicans (hyphae form), Candida tropicalis (hyphae form), Candida parapsilosis (pseudohyphal form), and Candida glabrata (yeast form). Moreover, M-CAR Jurkat cells recognized Rhizopus oryzae spores, which induced high expression of cell activation markers. Thus, a novel Mannan-specific CAR enabled strong signal transduction in modified Jurkat cells in the presence of Candida spp. or R. oryzae.Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of São PauloDepartment of Clinical Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Araraquara Sao Paulo State UniversityRibeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School University of São PauloCenter for Cell-Based Therapy Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto University of São PauloInstitute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal University of AlagoasFaculty of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulDepartment of Clinical Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Araraquara Sao Paulo State Universit
Effects of Promove-Pais on practices of guardians of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textA Análise do Comportamento Aplicada está crescendo como proposta de intervenções por psiquiatras e neuropediatras para tratamento e intervenções com crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista e seus familiares, há crescente número de liminares judiciais garantindo o direito da criança de acessar diversas modalidades profissionais que atuem a partir dessa ciência. A atuação com os pais, em orientação de habilidades educativas parentais pode ser estratégia importante para aumento dos ganhos terapêuticos de terapia comportamental. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é descrever efeitos da aplicação de um programa de orientação de habilidades sociais educativas (PROMOVE-PAIS) para pais ou responsáveis de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Para tanto, buscou adaptar um programa já existente para especificidades de crianças com TEA e ensinar pais destas crianças. Os participantes foram 3 mães e 1 pai de crianças com TEA, crianças com diagnóstico fechado e idade entre 6 e 9 anos. O estudo utilizou a metodologia de linha de base múltipla entre participantes, visando avaliar se houve mudanças em repertórios para os pais e para as crianças, nas medidas repetidas. Como medidas de coleta de dados utilizou-se de registro de comportamentos e aplicação de instrumentos padronizados para avaliação de habilidades sociais, problemas de comportamentos, práticas educativas parentais e comportamentos interferentes característicos do TEA. Os instrumentos de avaliação foram aplicados em procedimento de linha de base múltipla, com sondas, avaliação de pós intervenção e como seguimento posterior a três e seis meses. Os resultados indicaram mudanças clinicamente significativas em práticas educativas, e como medida de generalização mudança na redução de problemas de comportamentos das crianças. A orientação se mostrou efetiva ao longo do tempo, com manutenção dos resultados em três e seis meses posterior a aplicação.Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is increasingly being adopted as an intervention approach by psychiatrists and neuropediatricians for the treatment and support of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families. There is a growing number of judicial rulings ensuring children's right to access various professional modalities that operate based on this scientific approach. Working with parents through guidance on parenting educational skills can be a crucial strategy to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of behavioral therapy. The general objective of this study is to describe the effects of implementing a parental guidance program focused on educational social skills (PROMOVE-PAIS) for parents or guardians of children with ASD. To achieve this, an existing program was adapted to address the specific needs of children with ASD and to provide training for their parents. The participants included three mothers and one father of children with ASD, all of whom had a confirmed diagnosis and were between six and nine years old. The study employed a multiple-baseline design across participants to assess whether changes occurred in parental and child repertoires through repeated measures. Data collection involved behavior recording and the administration of standardized instruments to evaluate social skills, behavioral problems, parenting practices, and ASD-related interfering behaviors. The assessment instruments were applied following a multiple-baseline design, including probes, post-intervention evaluation, and follow-ups at three and six months. The results indicated clinically significant changes in parenting practices, as well as a reduction in children's behavioral problems, demonstrating generalization effects. The intervention proved effective over time, with the maintenance of results at three and six months post-implementation
Cost-utility analysis of MR imaging-guided transurethral ultrasound ablation for the treatment of low- to intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer
No full textBackground Magnetic resonance-guided transurethral ultrasound ablation (MR-TULSA) is a new focal therapy for treating localised prostate cancer that is associated with fewer adverse effects (AEs) compared with established treatments. To support large-scale clinical implementation, information about cost-effectiveness is required. Objective To evaluate the cost-utility of MR-TULSA compared with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and active surveillance (AS) for patients with low- to favourable intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer. Design, setting and participants A Markov model was developed targeting 60-year-old men diagnosed with low- to intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer over a time horizon of 40 years from the German Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) perspective. To assess the robustness of the results, deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Intervention Four different treatment strategies were compared: minimally invasive MR-TULSA, two definitive approaches (RARP and EBRT) and one observational strategy (AS). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Outcomes were measured in overall costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results AS generated the highest number of QALYs (12.67), followed by MR-TULSA (12.35), EBRT (12.35) and RARP (12.20). RARP generated the lowest costs (€ 46 997) over one patient's lifetime, while MR-TULSA was a slightly more expensive alternative (€48 826). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of AS compared with RARP was €11 600 per QALY and of MR-TULSA compared with RARP was €12 193 per QALY, while EBRT was dominated. At a willingness-to-pay of €20 000 per QALY, the probability of being cost-effective is 44% for AS, 25% for RARP, 25% for MR-TULSA and 6% for EBRT. Conclusions All treatment options for 60-year-old men diagnosed with low- to intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer are affected by considerable uncertainty. Accepting high follow-up costs by applying a higher willingness-to-pay, AS is the most favourable treatment option.Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine University Hospital of CologneDepartment of Radiation Oncology OWL Medical Campus Hospital Site HerfordDepartment of Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine University Hospital of CologneDepartment of Internal Medicine Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Campus BotucatuDepartment of Internal Medicine Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Campus Botucat
Assessment of the endectocide efficacy of a pour-on topical solution containing fluazuron, fipronil and eprinomectin in cattle
No full textThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new formulation composed of the chemical active ingredients benzoylphenylurea, phenylpyrazole and macrocyclic lactone, which have different mechanisms of action on the most important parasites, such as R. microplus, H. irritans, D. hominis larvae, C. hominivorax larvae and nematodes. The six experiments were conducted in Formiga (Bananal and Bela Vista farms) in the Center-West region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study introduces a new topical formulation containing 3.0% Fluazuron, 1.25% Fipronil, and 0.5% Eprinomectin, which has demonstrated high efficacy against R. microplus in both natural (97%) and experimental (95%) infestations. Additionally, the formulation was effective as a larvicide against D. hominis (98%) and C. hominivorax (100%), as well as against H. irritans (98%) and as an anthelmintic (97%). Its broad-spectrum activity and prolonged efficacy make it a tool for managing parasitic infestations in cattle. However, the potential for resistance development and the need for strategic application highlight the importance of integrated control programs that combine chemical and nonchemical approaches to ensure sustainable parasite management.Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinária (FCAV) Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp)IPESA– Instituto de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Minas GeraisUniversidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMVA)União Química Farmacêutica Nacional S/AInstituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA) Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Avenida Universitária, Minas GeraisFaculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinária (FCAV) Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp)Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMVA
Experimental Data and Thermodynamics Modeling (eNRTL and mUNIFAC) of the (Cyclohexane + Benzene + N,N-Dimethylformamide + Sodium Thiocyanate) Systems
No full textThis study investigates the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of a cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) + [N,N-dimethylformamide + sodium thiocyanate] (3) system. Experimental tie-line data were obtained at 298.15 K and 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure (~101 kPa, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil) with varying sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) concentrations in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (3, 5, 8, and 16 wt%). The results contribute to determining the optimal operating conditions for the liquid–liquid extraction of cyclohexane/benzene mixtures. The Hand and Othmer–Tobias correlations confirm the consistency and accuracy of the experimental data. Furthermore, eNRTL and modified UNIFAC models were employed to correlate the experimental LLE data, achieving a root-mean-square deviation of less than 0.91%. The selectivity and distribution coefficients indicate a high efficiency of benzene distribution into the extract phase, suggesting a low solvent/feed ratio and fewer separation stages required for cyclohexane and benzene separation.Department of Chemical Engineering State University of Maringá (UEM), PRDepartment of Engineering School of Engineering and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), RosanaDepartment of Chemical Engineering Federal Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), PRDepartment of Chemical Engineering Engineering School of Lorena (EEL/USP) University of Sao Paulo, SPDepartment of Food Engineering and Technology Federal Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), PRDepartment of Engineering School of Engineering and Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rosan
As-built microstructure and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 processed via directed energy deposition with laser beam
No full textInconel 718 (IN718) is a Ni–Cr–Mo-based superalloy widely used in aerospace applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at high temperatures. Its high strength, however, presents challenges for conventional manufacturing of complex geometries due to its poor machinability. Additive manufacturing (AM), mainly directed energy deposition with laser beam (DED-LB), has emerged as a promising solution, offering precision, reduced material waste, and design flexibility. The microstructural evolution of IN718, primarily influenced by the precipitation of secondary phases such as γʹ, γʺ, Laves phases, and carbides, is critical for its performance. This study successfully developed a process window for DED-LB, producing high-density samples with minimal defects. Microstructural analysis revealed the role of grain size, second phases and Laves phases. At the same time, mechanical testing demonstrated a balance between strength and ductility, attributed to precipitation hardening and the predominance of screw-type dislocations. This work investigates the as-built condition of IN718 to evaluate the direct impact of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties without the influence of post-processing treatments. Key findings include the correlation of grain morphology and defects to the mechanical behavior of as-built samples. The results provide insights into the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of DED-LB IN718 in the as-built condition.Department of Materials Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC) University of São Paulo (USP)Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Ceará (UFC), CEDepartment of Production Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC) University of São Paulo (USP)Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering EEBE Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14Fundació Centre CIM, Llorens I Artigas 12Department of Aeronautic Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Aeronautic Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP
Silver Diamine Fluoride Use among Dental Students and Pediatric Dentists: An Observational Study
No full textObjective: To evaluate the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) among undergraduate dental students and graduate students/specialists in pediatric dentistry in Brazil. Material and Methods: The data were collected with online questionnaires sent to the participants (n=404) by e-mail and were analyzed by logistic regression models (α=0.05). Results: A total of 26.2% were unfamiliar with SDF. The product effectiveness (84.8%) was the main reason reported by respondents who used SDF in pediatric dental care. Professionals who had graduated for 1-15 years (OR=4.83), those with more than 15 years since graduation (OR=21.58), postgraduate students, graduates and professors (OR=10.01), or professionals who work in a dental office (OR=7.73) were more likely to have used the SDF. Most participants (67.8%) reported that they would use SDF even considering the unfavorable aesthetic result, especially those who would consider its use in a pandemic situation (OR=26.90), who know the SDF (OR=3.39), professionals who had graduated for 1-15 years (OR=2.40) or those with more than 15 years of graduation (OR=2.93). Conclusion: Most participants who know and use SDF are professionals who have graduated for longer and have more contact with the academic environment. Its use has become more considered by participants within a pandemic context.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)School of Dentistry São Paulo State University, SPDepartment of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University, SPDepartment of Post-graduation in Implantology Santo Amaro University, SPDepartment of Community Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University, SPSchool of Dentistry São Paulo State University, SPDepartment of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University, SPDepartment of Community Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University, SPCAPES: 00
Nutrient release and decomposition time of Eucalyptus urograndis harvest residues practices under Brazil tropical conditions
No full textThe forest areas, besides their importance in the economic sector, have an important role in soil conservation when sustainable silvicultural practices are adopted. The objective of this study was to assess the amount of nutrients released and their stock in two types of eucalyptus harvest residues (with bark and without bark) in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul. Litter bags were used to evaluate the decomposition of harvest residues and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and C) content of the remaining residues under two different harvesting systems during a 36-month period. The “cut-to-length” (CTL) system is an eucalyptus harvesting method in Brazil, returning the most tree residues to the soil as trees are delimbed in situ. The “tree-length” (TL) harvest system returns a moderate level of eucalyptus residues to the soil, as they cut the trees and semi-process on-site to remove the pointer and bark, leaving on the field leaves, branches, and litter. Both CTL and TL differ from the traditional harvesting system, in which all trees are removed from the site to be delimbed at processing facilities outside the growing area, leaving no residues on the soil surface, this system was not evaluate during this research. Harvesting in the CTL system provided greater phytomass and N, P, K, Ca, and C contents. The decomposition of harvest residues in the CTL system was greater during the six initial months. Removing the bark, from the residues, reduced the amount of N and increased the decomposition time, as observed in the TL system. The amount and composition of forest harvest residues affect their decomposition and nutrient release.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Plant Health Rural Engineering and Soils, São Paulo StateFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Department of Administration, Mato Grosso do SulSão Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Plant Health Rural Engineering and Soils, São Paulo StateFAPESP: 2017/14049-