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Potential role of inoculum size in biomass accumulation and antioxidant secondary metabolites production in adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of initial inoculum size on adventitious root growth and secondary metabolite production in Stevia rebaudiana s root cultures, using various initial inoculum sizes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g). The roots were collected from the in-vitro seed-derived plantlets and transferred to a half-strength MS medium with 0.5 mg l−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to establish adventitious root cultures. Growth kinetics and fresh and dry biomass of adventitious root cultures were enhanced with inoculum size from 0.5–2.0 g. Adventitious root cultures did not show lag phases however, the growth curve was increased at an early stage (day 3) of log phases and sustained for 27 days of culture. The fresh and dry biomass accumulations of the adventitious root cultures were increased by 51 and 120% with 1.5 g inoculum size as compared to a smaller inoculum size (0.5 g). Adventitious root cultures at an initial inoculum size of 2.0 g had a significantly higher content of total phenolics (TPC; 41.46 mg g−1 DW), total flavonoids (TFC; 33.44 mg g−1 DW), and around 98.82% higher potential for scavenging free radicals. In addition, the initial inoculum size of 1.5 g was observed with higher dulcoside contents (0.71 mg g−1 DW), and an inoculum size of 1.0 g was noted with higher content of stevioside (64.75 mg g−1 DW) and rebaudioside (29.67 mg g−1 DW). Therefore, it is concluded that adventitious root cultures accumulated greater fresh and dry biomasses at an inoculum size of 1.5 g, a higher amount of TPC, TFC, and DRSA at 2.0 g, and stevioside and rebaudioside contents at 1.0 g.Department of Horticulture The University of Agriculture, PeshawarCentre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of SwatDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry The University of AgricultureDepartment of Food Sciences & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud UniversityBotany and Microbiology department college of science King Saud UniversityIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Department of Biology University of AntwerpSchool of Environment and Safety Engineering School of Emergency Management Jiangsu UniversityThe BioActives Lab Center of Excellence for Sustainable Food Security Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)School of Engineering Department of Plant Health Soil and Rural Engineering Sao Paulo State UniversitySchool of Engineering Department of Plant Health Soil and Rural Engineering Sao Paulo State Universit
Unraveling the effect of Al-doping on the local structure and the photoluminescence of CaTiO3:Pr nanophosphor
No full textPhosphors are inorganic materials that produce visible light when stimulated by external energy sources and have found applications in a wide range of technologies. CaTiO3:Pr3+ emerges as a promising phosphor material with an intense emission due to 1D2 - 3H4 transition of the rare-earth ion very close to the ideal red. Various strategies have been employed to enhance this emission, such as heterovalent substitution of Ti4+ ions for Al3+ ions. However, the mechanism for charge compensation in this case is not well described in the literature. In this study, Ca0.998Pr0.002Ti1-xAlxO3 (CPTA) nanophosphor samples were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method with Pbnm space group without spurious phases. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra at Ti K- and LII,III-edges do not show disorder inside TiO6 octahedra as Al atoms are incorporated into lattice, which is corroborated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis at K-edge of the same element. These XANES spectra also indicates the absence of Ti3+ ions, confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. On the other hand, XANES spectra at O K-edge and calculated projected density of states, as well as Raman spectra, show that Al incorporation cause a symmetry breaking at the local structure due to the formation of O vacancies. These vacancies originate a reduction of intensity values in photoluminescent red emission because of the quenching in Pr ions with addition of Al atoms at CaTiO3 structure.Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e MateriaisLaboratório Nacional de Luz SíncrotronFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e ComunicaçõesConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences Multifunctional Materials & Applications, SPUniversity of São Paulo - USP São Carlos Institute of Physics Nanomaterials and Advanced Ceramics, SPUniversity of São Paulo – USP São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, SPSão Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences Multifunctional Materials & Applications, SPFAPESP: 2013/12993-4FAPESP: 2017/01189-0Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações: 20180277Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações: 20180459CNPq: 302743/2014-6CNPq: 427220-2018-1CNPq: 432977/2018-0Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações: XAFS1-1775
Descriptive skull morphology of <i>Subulo gouazoubira</i> and <i>Mazama nana</i> (Artiodactyla, Cervidae)
No full textOsteology plays an indispensable role in understanding the normal patterns of different species, serving as the foundation for zoological understanding. Mazama nana is well-known in Brazil; however, basic morphological descriptions of the species are scarce, while Subulo gouazoubira, currently revalidated as Mazama gouazoubira, is also prevalent in Brazil and has recently been the subject of various phylogenetic studies. In this respect, in the present study, 19 cervid heads (16 Subulo gouazoubira and three Mazama nana) were osteologically prepared. Next, computed tomographies (CTs) were performed to enhance the assessment of bone accidents, as well as internal structures and foramina through three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques due to the difficult visibility in intact specimens. A comparison was then made between the reconstructions, digital photographs, and CT cross-sections of the skull, which enabled the visualization of anatomical peculiarities and exclusivities, such as nasolacrimal-maxillary fenestra, paranasal sinuses, and thin bone architecture, as well as the unique of cranial bones, compared to other species that exhibit a unique and genuine phenotype.Univ Estadual Ctr Oeste Parana Unictr, Lab Anat Vet, BR-85040167 Guarapuava, PR, BrazilUniv Estadual Sao Paulo Julio Mesquita Filho UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilHosp Vet Santa Fe, Curitiba, PR, BrazilUniv Estadual Sao Paulo Julio Mesquita Filho UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazi
Técnica de Pellon em ferida crônica na região frontal: Um relato de caso e revisão da literatura
No full textStem cells derived from adipose tissue can differentiate into fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and other cells; they can also secrete mediators with neoangiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Initially described in the treatment of burns, over time they are also suggested to be used in the treatment of complex, evolving wounds measuring 3 cm in length. After two fat grafting sessions, the patient presented granulation tissue in the frontal region. The properties of stem cells from adipose tissue can be used not only in the treatment of burns, but also in chronic wounds, as in the case of the present study, in which the bone exposure was in a prime area, with few adjacent donor areas and a high possibility of failure in the case of skin flaps.Cirurgia Plástica Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), SPCirurgia Plástica Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), S
‘BRS Vitoria’ Grapes Across Four Production Cycles: Morphological, Mineral, and Phenolic Changes
No full textThe ‘BRS Vitoria’ grape has sensory characteristics that favor its consumption. However, different rootstocks and harvest periods can directly influence its phenolic composition, physicochemical and morphological characteristics, and mineral content. This study evaluates the mineral and anthocyanin composition of the ‘BRS Vitoria’ grape from a production cycle (PC1: ‘IAC 572’ rootstock, main harvest) and compares its physicochemical, morphological, and mineral characteristics to other cycles (PC2: ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstock, second harvest; PC3: ‘IAC 572’ rootstock, second harvest; and PC4: ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstock, main harvest), highlighting its potential for use and providing initial insights into the influence of rootstocks and environmental conditions. PC1 grapes contained important amounts of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc (345.16, 50.50, 20.34, 13.61, 0.54, 0.27, and 0.03 mg⋅100 g−1, respectively), and a complex anthocyanin profile, predominantly derived from malvidin, which supports their use in processing due to the thermal stability. In the second part of the study, PC2 grapes stood out for their skin percentage and acidity. PC3 grapes exhibited higher values in parameters associated with size, mass, and mineral content, which may have been influenced by the use of the ‘IAC 572’ rootstock. PC4 grapes showed the highest maturation index (38.68), total phenolic compounds (1750.88 mg EGA⋅kg−1), and total monomeric anthocyanins (742.86 mg mv-3,5-glc⋅kg−1). These results may have been influenced by the environmental conditions during the main harvest season. Bunches from all cycles were cylindrical, very compact, with dark red-violet berries and featuring thick skin with pruine and firm colorless, seedless flesh. The study of the influence of these factors is complex due to the impact of various other variables and the synergistic effect between them. Despite physicochemical and morphological differences, ‘BRS Vitoria’ grapes from different PCs are suitable for fresh consumption and processing, potentially as a nutraceutical ingredient.Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences São Paulo State University, Cristóvão Colombo 2265SPBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Grape and Wine, Via Acesso Euphly s/n, SPInstitute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences São Paulo State University, Cristóvão Colombo 2265S
Characterization, Formulation, and Toxicity of Plant Oils on Duponchelia fovealis Caterpillars Zeller 1847 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
No full textThis study aimed to determine the chemical composition of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) and soursop Annona muricata Linn (Annonaceae) oils, formulate stable emulsions of these oils separately, as well as neem oil Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), and evaluate the insecticidal activity of these emulsions against Duponchelia fovealis Zeller, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Each stable emulsion contained an oil phase containing ginger, soursop, or neem oil, a fruit polyalcohol–based emulsifier, ethanol, or water. The insecticidal effect of the different oils and formulated emulsions was tested on the first- and second-instar caterpillars of D. fovealis. The majority of the compounds of the ginger essential oil were α-zingiberene (29%), geranial (14.9%), and α-farnesene (12.9%), and soursop oil had a higher percentage of oleic acid (43.73%), linoleic acid (29.51%), and palmitic acid (20.50%). The CL50 values of the soursop, neem, and ginger oils were 0.474, 0.473, and 0.602% for first-instar caterpillars and 2.25, 1.02, and 0.624% for second-instar caterpillars of D. fovealis. The formulated emulsions of ginger, soursop, and neem oils remained stable and exhibited toxicity in the first and second instars of D. fovealis development.Graduate Program in Vegetal Production Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Espírito SantoCenter for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo–CCAE-UFES, Espírito SantoPaulista State University (UNESP) - Campus de Botucatu, São PauloFederal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Espírito SantoPostgraduate Program in Agronomy Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFESPostgraduate Program in Tropical Agriculture Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Espírito SantoPaulista State University (UNESP) - Campus de Botucatu, São Paul
A note on hidden classes in spinor classification
No full textThe Lounesto classification is a well-established scheme for categorizing spinors based on their physical content, determined by their associated bilinear forms. It consists of six disjoint classes encompassing the known spinors within the context of the standard model of high-energy physics. However, advancements in theories beyond the standard model have opened the door to potential new spinorial adjoint structures, leading to new unforeseen classes. These developments indicate the potential for extending the standard Lounesto classification. This paper explores all possible subclasses that could extend the Lounesto scheme. We highlight the most relevant subclasses by imposing constraints on their corresponding dual structures, thus broadening our understanding of spinors and their applications in theoretical physics.Centro Universitário UNIFAAT, SPInstituto de Matemática e Estatística Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJDepartamento de Física Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SPUniversidad Tecnológica Del Perú (UTP)Departamento de Física Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S
“We Approach Indiscriminately”: Analysis of the Policing Repertoires Used in the Centro Cultural São Paulo Case
No full textThis article aims to analyze police repertoires triggered in the arrest of demonstrators in the Centro Cultural São Paulo Case, which occurred in September 2016. We explore issues such as: the use of dark clothes, masks, vinegars and first aid kits as “signs” of authorship and materiality of conduits; the infiltration of Army agents into activism groups; and the attribution of legitimacy to the protests, depending on elements such as social representations, repertoires, ideologies and agendas defended by the demonstrators. The research adopts a case study strategy and qualitative methodology, with analysis of court documents and journalistic news related to the case. In summary, it is concluded that the repertoire mobilized in the police approach presented characteristics of the “strategic incapacitation” model, and that there was an articulation between different institutions for the neutralization of protesters and the subsequent processing of the case in the criminal justice system.O presente artigo objetiva analisar repertórios de policiamento acionados na prisão de manifestantes do Caso Centro Cultural São Paulo, ocorrido em setembro de 2016. Exploramos problemáticas como: o uso de roupas escuras, máscaras, vinagres e kits de primeiros socorros como “indícios” de autoria e de materialidade de condutas; a infiltração de agentes do Exército em grupos de ativismo; e a atribuição de legitimidade aos protestos, a depender de elementos como as representações sociais, os repertórios, as ideologias e as pautas defendidas pelos manifestantes. A pesquisa adota estratégia de estudo de caso e metodologia qualitativa, com análise de documentos judiciais e de notícias jornalísticas relacionadas ao caso. Em síntese, conclui-se que o repertório mobilizado na abordagem policial apresentou características do modelo de “incapacitação estratégica”, e que houve uma articulação entre distintas instituições para a neutralização dos manifestantes e o posterior processamento do caso no sistema de justiça criminal.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e SociaisUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e SociaisCAPES: 88882.433417/2019-0
Physician's global assessment of disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: consensus-based recommendations from an international task force
No full textObjectives: To develop consensus-based recommendations for physician's global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) scoring and to standardise definitions of disease activity. Methods: An international task force of 34 members was assembled, and recommendations were developed in 3 phases: (1) 2 preliminary surveys of paediatric rheumatologists and a literature review; (2) 14 videoconference meetings, informed by multicriteria decision analysis and formal anonymous voting; and (3) a 2-day in-person consensus conference using structured nominal group technique discussions and formal voting. The threshold for achieving consensus was ≥78% of voting task force members. Agreement with the final statements was rated using a numerical rating scale from 0, strongly disagree, to 10, strongly agree. Results: Eighteen points to consider were agreed upon. All statements achieved consensus (≥78%), with a level of agreement ≥9.2. Points included the definition of disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), factors to assess in nonsystemic JIA and systemic JIA, consideration of available imaging and laboratory tests, the role of extra-articular manifestations, the evaluation of treatment, and the timing of PhGA scoring. Conclusions: The task force developed consensus-based recommendations when scoring the PhGA in nonsystemic and systemic JIA. These recommendations will lead to more reliable scoring of disease activity in patients with JIA.Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of North NorwayDepartment of Clinical Medicine UIT the Arctic University of NorwayDivision of Rheumatology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiThe Hospital for Sick Children University of TorontoUniversità Milano BicoccaIRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori Clinica Pediatrica Fondazione PRINTODepartment of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pediatrics The Wellbeing Services County of OstrobothniaResearch Unit of Clinical Medicine University of OuluDepartment of Pediatrics Division of Rheumatology University of WashingtonDepartment of Pediatric Rheumatology Seattle Children's Hospital and Research CenterDivision of Rheumatology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù RomaCentre for Paediatric Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases ERN-RITA Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders General University Hospital1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University in PragueIRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini UOC Gaslini Trial Centre/Servizio di Sperimentazioni Cliniche Pediatriche, GenoaDivision of Pediatric Rheumatology University of British ColumbiaDivision of Pediatric Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolCenter for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science Institute for Health Health Care Policy and Aging ReaserchDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public HealthDivision of Rheumatology Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino GesùPediatric Immuno-Rheumatology Unit Fondazione IRCSS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoRheumatology Service Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria and Murdoch Children's Research InstituteENCA The Global Foundation for Children and Families with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Conditions and KOURIRDivision of Pediatric Rheumatology Hospital for Special Surgery Department of Pediatrics Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityDipartimento di Neuroscienze Riabilitazione Oftalmologia Genetica e Scienze Materno Infantili (DINOGMI) Università degli Studi di Genova, GenoaIRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, GenoaSão Paulo State University (UNESP), São PauloSystemic JIA FoundationWilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht and University of Utrecht, UtrechtPediatric Research Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki New Children's HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics Alberta Children's Hospital Cumming School of Medicine University of CalgaryResearch Unit of Clinical Medicine University of Oulu Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluUniversity of Nis Faculty of Medicine Clinic for Pediatrics University Clinical Center Nis, NisDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Futures Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaCenter for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaNorthwell Health Cohen Children's Medical Center Division of Pediatric RheumatologyUniversità degli Studi di GenovaSão Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paul
Land use changes and their impacts on the structural function and quality of anthropogenic soils in Central Amazonia
No full textA mudança no uso da terra (MUT) tem degradado os solos, impactando diretamente sua função estrutural e saúde. Solos antropogênicos, como a Terra Preta da Amazônia (TPA) e a Terra Mulata (TM), são caracterizados por alta fertilidade e capacidade de retenção de carbono, porém, a intensificação agrícola e o preparo mecanizado têm modificado significativamente suas propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos da MUT sobre a qualidade físico-estrutural e saúde dos solos antropogênicos da Amazônia Central. O estudo foi conduzido em áreas localizadas na região metropolitana de Manaus, Amazonas, abrangendo solos antropogênicos sob diferentes usos e manejos. Para isso, a pesquisa foi estruturada em três etapas: (I) revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar os principais indicadores de qualidade do solo utilizados em estudos sobre solos antropogênicos no estado do Amazonas; (II) análise dos efeitos de diferentes práticas agrícolas sobre a saúde física do solo e os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio; e (III) discriminação dos impactos da MUT sobre atributos físico-mecânicos, utilizando diferentes abordagens metodológicas de avaliação dos atributos do solo. As coletas foram realizadas em solos de Terra Preta da Amazônia e Terra Mulata, localizados no município de Manacapuru, em dezembro de 2023, considerando as camadas 0,00 – 0,10 m, 0,10 – 0,20 m e 0,20 – 0,30 m. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso intensivo da mecanização contribui para a degradação estrutural do solo, promovendo compactação especialmente nas camadas superficiais. Por outro lado, sistemas tradicionais de uso da terra, como os quintais agroflorestais, apresentam maior resiliência estrutural e menor impacto na qualidade física dos solos. A análise multivariada permitiu distinguir o efeito dos diferentes manejos a partir da avaliação simultânea dos atributos físico-mecânicos e carbono do solo. Conclui-se que a adoção de estratégias diferenciadas de manejo sustentável é essencial para garantir a preservação da estrutura e a manutenção da qualidade dos solos antropogênicos da Amazônia.Land-use change (LUC) has been degrading soils, directly impacting their structural function and health. Anthropogenic soils, such as Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) and Brown Soil (BS), are characterized by high fertility and carbon retention capacity. However, agricultural intensification and mechanized tillage have significantly altered their physico-chemical and mechanical properties. This study aimed to assess the impacts of LUC on the structural quality and health of anthropogenic soils in Central Amazonia. The research was conducted in areas within the metropolitan region of Manaus, Amazonas, encompassing anthropogenic soils under different land uses and management practices. The study was structured in three stages: (I) a systematic literature review to identify the main soil quality indicators used in studies on anthropogenic soils in the state of Amazonas; (II) an analysis of the effects of different agricultural practices on soil physical health and carbon and nitrogen stocks; and (III) the discrimination of LUC impacts on physico-mechanical attributes using different methodological approaches to soil attribute assessment. Soil samples were collected from Amazonian Dark Earth and Terra Mulata soils in the municipality of Manacapuru in December 2023, considering the layers 0.00–0.10 m, 0.10–0.20 m, and 0.20–0.30 m. The results showed that intensive mechanization contributes to soil structural degradation, promoting compaction, particularly in surface layers. On the other hand, traditional land-use systems, such as agroforestry home gardens, exhibit greater structural resilience and lower impacts on soil physical quality. Multivariate analysis allowed for distinguishing the effects of different management practices through the simultaneous evaluation of physico-mechanical attributes and soil carbon. It is concluded that the adoption of differentiated sustainable management strategies is essential to ensure the preservation of soil structure and the maintenance of the quality of anthropogenic soils in the Amazon.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)88887.641463/2021-0