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Unsustainable land use trajectories in the Tocantins/Araguaia basin: Insights from future scenario modeling
No full textEffective watershed management is essential for biodiversity conservation and mitigating environmental impacts like deforestation and ecosystem disruptions, especially in the context of climate change. The Tocantins/Araguaia Basin (TOAR), Brazil's second-largest watershed, faces significant challenges due to unsustainable land use practices. To address this, we modeled future land use and cover changes (2015–2045) using the CLUE model under three scenarios: Business-as-usual (BAUS), Conservation-based (CONS), and Production-based (PROD). Key drivers included soil type, average temperature, and yearly precipitation. Projections indicate persistent deforestation and habitat fragmentation, particularly under PROD, while CONS still projects notable losses in forests, savannas, and grasslands. These results highlight the urgent need for proactive conservation measures, stricter environmental regulations, and sustainable land use planning to protect TOAR’s ecosystems and biodiversity. Addressing these issues is critical for preserving this vulnerable and understudied region amidst growing environmental pressures.Limnology Ichthyology and Aquaculture Research Group Department of Biology Postgraduate Program in Continental Aquatic Environments Ecology Ichthyology Laboratory State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Block G-90, PRDepartment of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), 270 Coronel Fernandes Martins Street, Progresso, SCDepartment of Landscape Architecture Biotechnical Faculty University of LjubljanaLehrstuhl für Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung/Chair of Land Management Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21Department of Biodiversity Federal University of Paraná, 2153 Pioneiro Street, Palotina Campus, PRSpatial Ecology and Conservation Lab – LEEC Biodiversity Department UNESP - Rio Claro, 1515 24ª Avenue, Bela Vista, SPSpatial Ecology and Conservation Lab – LEEC Biodiversity Department UNESP - Rio Claro, 1515 24ª Avenue, Bela Vista, S
The Application of Machine Learning to Model the Impacts of Extreme Climatic Events on the Productivity of Dwarf Green Coconut Trees in the Eastern Amazon
No full textThe coconut crop (Cocos nucifera L.) is essential in humid tropical regions, contributing to the economy and food security. However, its perennial nature makes it sensitive to climate variability, particularly extreme events that affect productivity. This study evaluated the impacts of extreme climatic events on the productivity of dwarf green coconut in northeastern Pará, analyzing rainy (PC—December to July) and less rainy (PMC—August to November) periods between 2015 and 2023. Meteorological and experimental data were used, including extreme climate variables such as maximum temperature (HT) and precipitation (HEP), defined by the 90th percentiles, and low precipitation (LP, 10th percentile). Predictive models, such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF), were developed. RF showed better performance, with an RMSE equivalent to 20% of the average productivity, while that of MLR exceeded 50%. However, RF struggled with generalization in the test set, likely due to overfitting. The inclusion of lagged productivity (productivity t-1) highlighted its significant influence. During the PC, extreme high precipitation (HEP) events and excessive water surplus (HE) occurring after the fifth month of inflorescence development contributed to increased productivity, whereas during the PMC, low-precipitation (LP) events led to productivity reductions. Notably, under certain circumstances, elevated precipitation can mitigate the negative impacts of low water availability. These findings underscore the need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate climatic impacts and promote stability in dwarf green coconut production.Collaborative Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities of Anhui ProvinceSoil-Plant-Atmosphere Interaction in Amazonia Research Group Socio-Environmental and Water Resources Institute Belém Campus Federal Rural University of Amazonia, PADepartment of Exact Sciences São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, SPDepartment of Exact Sciences São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, SPCollaborative Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province: 403902/2021-
Comparative evaluation of the anti-aging and depigmenting cosmetic efficacy of two plant-based active ingredients and their potential synergistic effects with classical cosmetic active ingredients
No full textO processo de envelhecimento cutâneo ocorre em decorrência de fatores naturais e externos como poluição ambiental, exposição à radiação solar, tabagismo e estilo de vida. A pele envelhecida é evidenciada pela perda de proteínas estruturais como colágeno, resultando em rugas e marcas de expressão, além de discromias como hiperpigmentação cutânea. No contexto da busca pela reversão/inibição do processo de envelhecimento e atenuação de discromias, e em resposta à demanda do mercado consumidor, faz-se necessária a criação e avaliação de cosméticos de uso tópico com tais potencialidades. Uma extensa variedade de ativos cosméticos tem sido desenvolvida, com origens e mecanismos distintos, e a combinação de múltiplos ativos em formulações torna-se comum, porém são raros os registros de avaliações sobre os impactos de tais associações em termos de eficácia. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar comparativamente a eficácia antienvelhecimento do ativo CMZ, com a ação promovida por oito ativos cosméticos de referência (Ginkgo biloba, coenzima Q10, niacinamida, ácido glicólico, retinol, bakuchiol, ácido ascórbico e Pal-GQPR/Pal-GHK) e, simultaneamente, avaliar o possível efeito sinérgico entre o ativo alvo e cada um dos ativos referência. Paralelamente, o mesmo modelo de análise foi utilizado para avaliar um ativo cosmético alvo denominado MLA e oito referencias com propriedades moduladoras de discromias cutâneas (4-butil-resorcinol, ácido ascorbico 2-Glicosideo, ácido elágico, ácido kójico, ácido tranexâmico, glabridina, n-acetil glucosamida e niacinamida). O presente estudo foi realizado utilizando o modelo de análise ex vivo, no qual fragmentos de pele humana provenientes de cirurgia plásticas foram cortados e distribuídos em 19 grupos, tratados topicamente com produto, mantendo-se em paralelo os controles basais e placebo para cada um dos 5 voluntários utilizados por grupo. O grupo de ativos antienvelhecimento foi avaliado frente a capacidade moduladora da síntese de colágeno tipo I pela técnica de imunofluorescência em cortes histológicos. Já os ativos moduladores de discromias cutâneas foram avaliados frente a capacidade moduladora da presença de melanina, utilizando a técnica Fontana-Masson. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que todos os ativos avaliados promoveram a eficácia cosmética cutâneas a qual se propunham, porém em diferentes intensidades. Quando avaliadas as combinações, pode-se observar modulações de incremento de eficácia na associação entre CMZ e ácido ascórbico e extrato de Ginkgo biloba, porém o antagonismo foi evidenciado na associação do ativo CMZ ao peptideo Pal-GQPR/Pal-GHK. Em relação aos ativos com propriedades moduladoras da melanina, a associação de MLA se mostrou benéfica com ácido ascórbico 2-glicosídeo, N-acetil-glucosamina e glabridina, melhorando a eficácia da formulação frente ao ativo MLA isolado. Propõem-se que a essência e definição da eficácia combinações está diretamente relacionada ao mecanismo de ação ao qual os ativos atuam, e que o modelo de análise pré-clínico ex vivo é uma importante ferramenta para a avaliação do potencial sinérgico ou antagônico de ativos cosméticos.The skin aging process occurs due to internal and external factors such as environmental pollution, exposure to solar radiation, smoking, and lifestyle. Aging skin is evidenced by the loss of structural proteins such as collagen, resulting in wrinkles and expression marks, as well as dyschromias such as skin hyperpigmentation. In the search to reverse/inhibit the aging process and mitigate dyschromia, and in response to consumer market demand, it is necessary to create and evaluate topical cosmetics with this potential. Various cosmetic active ingredients have been developed with different origins and mechanisms, and combining multiple active ingredients in formulations has become common. However, reports of evaluations on the impacts of such associations in terms of efficacy are rare. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the anti-aging efficacy of the active ingredient CMZ comparatively, with the action promoted by eight reference cosmetic active ingredients (Ginkgo biloba, coenzyme Q10, niacinamide, glycolic acid, retinol, bakuchiol, ascorbic acid and Pal - GQPR/Pal -GHK) and, simultaneously, evaluate the possible synergistic effect between the CMZ ingredient and each of the reference active ingredients. In parallel, the same analysis model was used to test a target cosmetic active ingredient called MLA and eight references with cutaneous dyschromia-modulating properties (4-butyl-resorcinol, ascorbic 2-glucoside acid, ellagic acid, kojic acid, tranexamic acid, glabridin, n-acetyl glucosamine, and niacinamide). The present study was performed using the ex vivo analysis model, in which fragments of human skin from plastic surgery were cut and distributed into 19 groups, treated topically with the product, and the basal and placebo controls for each one were maintained in parallel for the five volunteers used per group. The group of anti-aging active ingredients was evaluated based on the ability to modulate type I collagen synthesis using the immunofluorescence technique in histological sections. Active modulators of cutaneous dyschromia were tested based on their ability to modulate the presence of melanin using the Fontana-Masson technique. The results demonstrate that all active ingredients evaluated promoted cosmetic efficacy for the skin at different intensities. When assessing the combinations, modulations of increased efficacy could be observed in the association between CMZ and ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba extract; however, antagonism was evident in the association of active CMZ with the peptide Pal-GQPR/Pal-GHK. Regarding active ingredients with melanin-modulating properties, the association of MLA proved to be beneficial with ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and glabridin, improving the effectiveness of the formulation compared to the active MLA alone. It is proposed that the essence and definition of synergistic efficacy are directly related to the mechanism of action the active ingredient may have and that the ex vivo preclinical analysis model is a relevant tool for evaluating the synergistic or antagonistic potential of cosmetic active ingredients
The sociological contribution to school conflicts: a study based on the Conviva São Paulo-SP program
No full textEsta pesquisa analisa os conflitos escolares na Escola Estadual Pedro Brandão dos Reis, localizada em José Bonifácio (SP), a partir dos registros da plataforma PLACON do programa Conviva- SP nos anos de 2022 e 2023. O estudo investiga como os conflitos escolares refletem desigualdades estruturais (como racismo, machismo e homofobia) e são gerenciados pela política educacional paulista. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizando análise documental dos registros da plataforma PLACON, revisão bibliográfica e crítica às diretrizes do Programa Conviva SP. Os resultados revelam que: (1) a maioria dos conflitos é classificada genericamente como "questões disciplinares" (75% em 2022; 57% em 2023), ocultando suas raízes sociais; (2) há subnotificação significativa (35% dos dias sem registros em 2022); e (3) o programa prioriza registros burocráticos em detrimento de ações pedagógicas transformadoras. Conclui-se que a mediação de conflitos exige uma abordagem sociológica crítica, articulando a disciplina de Sociologia à justiça restaurativa, para desnaturalizar violências simbólicas e promover convivência democrática.This research analyzes school conflicts at Pedro Brandão dos Reis State School, located in José Bonifácio (São Paulo, Brazil), based on records from the PLACON platform of the Conviva-SP program during the years 2022 and 2023. The study investigates how school conflicts reflect structural inequalities—such as racism, sexism, and homophobia—and how they are managed by São Paulo’s educational policy. Methodologically, it is a case study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using document analysis of the PLACON platform records, literature review, and critical examination of the Conviva-SP Program guidelines. The results reveal that: (1) most conflicts are broadly classified as “disciplinary issues” (75% in 2022; 57% in 2023), masking their social roots; (2) there is significant underreporting (35% of school days had no entries in 2022); and (3) the program prioritizes bureaucratic reporting over transformative pedagogical actions. It is concluded that conflict mediation requires a critical sociological approach, integrating the Sociology discipline with restorative justice, to denaturalize symbolic violence and promote democratic coexistenceCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CAPES: 00
Some classes satisfying the 2-dimensional Jacobian conjecture and a proof of the complex conjecture until degree 104
No full textWe construct a non-proper set of two variables polynomial maps and study the nowhere vanishing Jacobian condition of the Jacobian conjecture for this set. We obtain some classes of polynomial maps satisfying the 2-dimensional Jacobian conjecture for both real and complex cases. In addition, by Newton polygon technique, we prove that the complex conjecture is true until degree 104, improving Moh boundary (degree 100) since 1983.São Paulo State Univesity (UNESP)São Paulo State Univesity (UNESP
The importance of using local species in ecotoxicological studies: nematodes of Amazonian occurrence vs. Caenorhabditis elegans in the analysis of lethal and sublethal effects of aluminium
No full textIt is recognized that in bioassays, especially those conducted for ecotoxicological purposes, preference should be given to the use of species that are adapted to the physical-chemical conditions of the environment to be monitored. However, to establish the use of alternative species instead of the standardized ones, it is recommended to carry out tests to assess/compare their sensitivity to contaminants. This study assessed the lethal and sublethal effects (growth, fertility, and reproduction) of different aluminium concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations recorded in the Amazon, on two nematode species (C. tropicalis and C. briggsae) with Amazonian occurrence and C. elegans. The species’ responses to aluminium exposure were different. In tests to assess lethal effect, C. elegans was the most sensitive (LC50 = 3.32 ± 1.89 mg/L), while C. tropicalis was the least sensitive (LC50 = 6.98 ± 2.20 mg/L). The LC50 for C. briggsae could not be estimated due to the lack of a concentration-dependent response. On the other hand, when sublethal effects were assessed at low aluminium concentrations (environmentally relevant concentrations), C. tropicalis was the most sensitive with an inhibition rate in both reproduction and growth; C. elegans was the least sensitive, and C. briggsae showed an intermediate response. Therefore, C. tropicalis and C. elegans adopted opposite strategies in response to aluminium exposure. This study reinforces the use of local species in ecotoxicological tests and suggests the use of C. tropicalis as a test organism in future bioassays to evaluate the effects of contaminants, particularly in the tropical/Amazon region.Grupo de Estudos de Nematoda Aquáticos (GENAQ) Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01. Guamá, PAGrupo de Estudos de Biomarcadores de Poluição Aquática na Amazônia (BioPaq) Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01. Guamá, PALaboratório Genômica Integrativa Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista, SPLaboratório de Análises Químicas Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RSLaboratório de Análises Químicas Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901. Terra Firme, PALaboratório Genômica Integrativa Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista, S
Óleos essenciais utilizados na indústria avícola: seriam uma alternativa efetiva contra a disseminação de Salmonella spp. e resistência antimicrobiana?
No full textDue to the increasing emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry, and the global trend towards reducing antimicrobial use in food-producing animals, alternatives to these drugs are being sought. Among these alternatives, the antimicrobial action of essential oils (EOs) stands out. These compounds are plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including strains of Salmonella. EOs are employed in the food industry due to their aromatic and antimicrobial properties and their role as natural preservatives as well. However, studies have been approaching their weight gain and performance instead of focusing on the applicability of these compounds in poultry challenged with avian salmonellae or other bacterial diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the pros and cons of using EOs against Salmonella spp. in poultry. Although there are reports of the antimicrobial effectiveness of EOs against Salmonella spp. both in vitro and in vivo, their use for this purpose has not been deeply studied. Until then, optimal concentrations for controlling Salmonella shedding or toxic concentrations for poultry have not been established. On the other hand, it is known that these products can exhibit synergistic effects with other antimicrobials. Thus, investigations related to the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects of EOs in the poultry's body are important to elucidate the treatment with these alternative antimicrobials, as well as to understand their interactions with both pathogenic bacteria and the bacteria that naturally compose the poultry's microbiota.Devido ao aumento do surgimento de cepas de Salmonella spp. resistentes a antimicrobianos isoladas de aves, e à tendência global de redução do uso de antimicrobianos em animais destinados à produção de alimentos, alternativas a esses medicamentos vêm sendo buscadas. Entre essas alternativas, destaca-se a ação antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais (OEs). Esses compostos, derivados de plantas, apresentam eficácia antimicrobiana contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, incluindo cepas de Salmonella. Os OEs são empregados na indústria alimentícia devido às suas propriedades aromáticas e antimicrobianas, bem como por seu papel como conservantes naturais. No entanto, os estudos têm abordado mais seu efeito sobre o ganho de peso e desempenho das aves, em vez de focar na aplicabilidade desses compostos em aves desafiadas com salmonelas aviárias ou outras doenças bacterianas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo revisar os prós e contras do uso de OEs contra Salmonella spp. em aves. Embora existam relatos sobre a eficácia antimicrobiana dos OEs contra Salmonella spp., tanto in vitro quanto in vivo, seu uso com esse propósito ainda não foi profundamente estudado. Até o momento, não foram estabelecidas concentrações ideais para o controle da excreção de Salmonella ou concentrações tóxicas para as aves. Por outro lado, sabe-se que esses produtos podem apresentar efeitos sinérgicos com outros antimicrobianos. Assim, investigações relacionadas à farmacocinética, aos mecanismos de ação e aos efeitos adversos dos OEs no organismo das aves são importantes para elucidar o tratamento com esses antimicrobianos alternativos, bem como para compreender suas interações tanto com as bactérias patogênicas quanto com as bactérias que compõem naturalmente a microbiota das aves.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Versão final do editorSão Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinary SciencesFAPESP: 2024/03279-0CAPES: 00
Development of PMMA-silica hybrids with anti-corrosive, bioactive and bactericidal properties for Ti6Al4V implants
No full textA engenharia de superfícies desempenha um papel essencial na melhoria das propriedades das ligas metálicas de titânio utilizadas em implantes médicos, especialmente a Ti6Al4V. Embora essa liga apresente elevada resistência mecânica e boa biocompatibilidade, sua característica bioinerte, suscetibilidade à corrosão em meio fisiológico e à formação de biofilmes bacterianos podem comprometer sua eficiência clínica e exigir intervenções cirúrgicas secundárias. Nesse contexto, a funcionalização da superfície com revestimentos híbridos contendo compostos bioativos e bactericidas representa uma abordagem promissora para otimizar a interação na interface implante-tecido, promovendo a osseointegração e aumentando a durabilidade dos implantes. Neste estudo, foram desenvolvidos revestimentos híbridos bicamada à base de poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA)-sílica, funcionalizados com hidroxiapatita (HA) e β-fosfato tricálcico (β-TCP), e fosfato de prata (Ag3PO4). A matriz híbrida foi obtida por meio da combinação da policondensação hidrolítica via sol-gel do tetraetilortosílicato (TEOS) com a polimerização radicalar do metacrilato de metila (MMA) e 3-metacriloxipropil trimetoxisilano (MPTS). Os revestimentos foram depositados sobre a liga Ti6Al4V por imersão com espessura de até 19,9 µm, livres de defeitos e com excelente adesão ao substrato (>14,5 MPa). A caracterização estrutural por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e difração de raios X (DRX) confirmou a formação da matriz híbrida e a presença dos aditivos sem alteração das fases cristalinas. A espectroscopia de fotoelétrons induzidos por raios X (XPS) confirmou a incorporação de de prata (0,1 at.%) e fosfatos de cálcio. Os aditivos modificaram as propriedades térmicas e morfológicas da matriz PMMA-sílica, promovendo maior estabilidade térmica em até 263 °C e aumento da porosidade, evidenciado por picnometria. O aumento da proporção de HA e β-TCP aumentou a rugosidade superficial, conforme demonstrado pelas análises de microscopia óptica e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). A espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS), realizada em solução de fluido corporal simulado (SBF) e saliva artificial (SAGF), demonstrou excelente desempenho anticorrosivo, com módulos de impedância em baixa frequência (4 mHz) superiores a 138 GΩ·cm2, mantidos em cerca de 10 GΩ·cm2 após 300 dias de imersão. Ensaios biológicos in vitro com células da linhagem de osteossarcoma humano Saos-2, mostraram que os revestimentos contendo HA, β-TCP e Ag3PO4 estimularam a proliferação celular e, aumentaram em até 86,6% a atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP) após 14 dias, indicando potencial osteogênico. Ensaios de bioatividade in vitro revelaram a formação de apatita após 28 dias em SBF, caracterizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de raios X por dispersão de energia (EDX) e XPS. Os revestimentos bicamadas com Ag3PO4 também apresentaram atividade antibiofilme contra Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus, atribuída à liberação controlada de íons prata, quantificados por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a sinergia entre os fosfatos de cálcio (HA e β-TCP) e o fosfato de prata (Ag3PO4) é a chave para o desempenho nos ensaios in vitro. Dessa forma, os revestimentos bicamada desenvolvidos nesta pesquisa exibiram propriedades multifuncionais, integrando proteção anticorrosiva, bioatividade e atividade bactericida, evidenciando seu potencial na engenharia de superfícies da liga Ti6Al4V usada para aplicações biomédicas em implantes.Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the properties of titanium alloys used in medical implants, specifically Ti6Al4V. Although this alloy exhibits high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility, its bioinert characteristic, susceptibility to corrosion in physiological environments and to bacterial biofilm formation can compromise its clinical performance and may lead to secondary surgical interventions. In this context, surface functionalization with hybrid coatings containing bioactive and bactericidal compounds represents a promising approach to optimize implant–tissue interactions, promoting osseointegration and increasing implant longevity. In this study, bilayer hybrid coatings based on poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)-silica, functionalized with hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) were developed. The hybrid matrix was synthesized by combining the sol-gel hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS). The coatings deposited on the Ti6Al4V alloy by immersion with a thickness of up to 19.9 µm are defect free and with excellent adhesion to the substrate (>14.5 MPa). Structural characterization by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the hybrid matrix and the incorporation of additives without altering their crystalline phases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the incorporation of silver (0,1 at.%) and calcium phosphates. The additives modified the thermal and morphological properties of the PMMA-silica matrix, improving thermal stability up to 263 °C and increasing porosity, as evidenced by pycnometry. The higher proportion of HA and β-TCP enhanced surface roughness, as demonstrated by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), performed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and artificial saliva (SAGF), showed excellent anticorrosive performance, with low-frequency impedance modulus (4 mHz) of up to 138 GΩ·cm2, maintained at around 10 GΩ·cm2 after 300 days of immersion. In vitro biological assays using human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells demonstrated that coatings containing HA, β-TCP, and Ag3PO4 stimulated cell proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by up to 86.6% after 14 days, indicating osteogenic potential. In vitro bioactivity tests revealed apatite formation after 28 days in SBF, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and XPS. Bilayer coatings containing Ag3PO4 also exhibited antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, attributed to the controlled release of silver ions, quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results indicate that the synergy between calcium phosphates (HA and β-TCP) and silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) is key to the performance of the in vitro tests. Thus, the developed bilayer coatings exhibited multifunctional properties, integrating anticorrosive protection, bioactivity, and antibacterial activity, highlighting their potential in the surface engineering of the Ti6Al4V alloy used for biomedical applications in implants.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CNPq: 142305/2020-0)CAPES: 001CAPES PrInt: 88887.892029/2023-0
The metapolitics of the right in the public spheres of mayoral candidates in the 2024 São Paulo elections: an analysis of discursive affiliation networks on Instagram
No full textEstamos diante de uma guerra travada no campo da cultura, das ideias, onde as armas são operacionalizadas por processos de linguagem, verbal e não-verbal, e suas difusões e circulações se dão, principalmente, nos meios digitais. Assim, o presente trabalho procura investigar a metapolítica - o componente metafísico da política - dos candidatos e influenciadores da direita, nas eleições da cidade de São Paulo, no ano de 2024, por meio do mapeamento do impacto dos conteúdos dos influenciadores digitais e a análise de redes discursivas (LEIFELD, 2020) - DNA em inglês - dos candidatos à prefeitura na mídia sócio-digital Instagram. O objetivo geral do trabalho é quantificar e qualificar a influência desses atores sociais - comunicacionais e políticos - em torno dos temas e subtemas que mais aglutinam esse espectro político, identificando e mapeando a metapolítica do campo durante o pleito. Definimos metapolítica, por meio do quadro teórico de referência, como um fenômeno ideológico - não pragmático - que instrumentaliza a razão comunicativa, atuando como uma força contra-hegemônica frente ao establishment político imaginado. Ela se materializa por meio de contratos de comunicação sustentados por capitais sociais e culturais, articulando contra-públicos. Na internet, a sua operacionalização ocorre através de affordances tecnológicos, que viabilizam estratégias discursivas em plataformas midiáticas, reconfigurando dinâmicas de poder e disputa simbólica no campo político. As hipóteses estabelecidas são: (1) o sucesso dos conteúdos desses atores se baseia na construção de consensos por meio narrativas contra-publicitárias e que são passíveis de mensuração; (2) e que esses discursos assumem padrões diferentes, a depender do ator, mas com o anti-esquerdismo operando como eixo uno dessas estratégias. Enquanto metodologia, o mapeamento do grau de influência digital nos ajudou a entender a agitação da propaganda por meio desses sentimentos contra-publicitários pelos atores comunicacionais, leia-se influenciadores digitais, e a ferramenta DNA permitiu a compreensão das redes discursivas e conceituais dos atores políticos em relação a conteúdos que fazem referência a movimentos anti-sistema, anti-esquerda, anti-institucional e anti-libertário. Argumenta-se que a metapolítica do campo ideológico em análise opera por meio de conteúdos contra-publicitários regressivos, os quais encontram maior ressonância nas interações com os públicos, reforçando sua eficácia discursiva. A análise das redes conceituais e discursivas revela que os atores políticos examinados não estão amalgamados metapoliticamente, expondo a fragmentação e a porosidade da direita em relação aos temas investigados. Por fim, demonstra-se que esse mapeamento da ação política e comunicacional integra atores formais e informais, comunicadores e políticos, dinamizando uma propaganda ideológica que legitima a forma regressiva de contra-publicidade – estratégias típicas de contra-hegemonia sustentadas por affordances midiáticos e capitais culturais, com o anti-esquerdismo sendo o eixo aglutinador das narrativas dessa metapolítica.We are facing a war waged in the field of culture and ideas, where the weapons are operationalized through processes of verbal and non-verbal language, and their dissemination and circulation occur mainly through digital media. This paper seeks to investigate metapolitics—the metaphysical component of politics—among right-wing candidates and influencers during the 2024 municipal elections in the city of São Paulo. This is achieved through mapping the impact of digital influencer content and analyzing discursive networks (LEIFELD, 2020)—also referred to as DNA (Discursive Network Analysis)—of mayoral candidates on the socio-digital platform Instagram. The general objective of the study is to quantify and qualify the influence of these social actors—both communicational and political—around the themes and subthemes that most strongly unite this political spectrum, identifying and mapping the metapolitics of the field during the electoral process. Based on the theoretical framework, we define metapolitics as an ideological (non-pragmatic) phenomenon that instrumentalizes communicative reason, acting as a counter-hegemonic force against the imagined political establishment. It materializes through communication contracts sustained by social and cultural capital, articulating counter-publics. On the internet, its operationalization takes place through technological affordances that enable discursive strategies on media platforms, reconfiguring dynamics of power and symbolic struggle within the political field. The established hypotheses are: (1) the success of these actors' content is based on the construction of consensus through counter-advertising narratives, which can be measured; and (2) these discourses follow different patterns depending on the actor, but anti-leftism functions as the common axis of these strategies. As a methodology, mapping the degree of digital influence helped us understand how propaganda is stirred through these counter-advertising sentiments by communicational actors, namely digital influencers, while the DNA tool enabled the understanding of discursive and conceptual networks of political actors in relation to content referencing anti-system, anti-left, anti-institutional, and anti-libertarian movements. It is argued that the metapolitics of the ideological field under analysis operates through regressive counter-advertising content, which finds greater resonance in interactions with audiences, reinforcing its discursive effectiveness. The analysis of conceptual and discursive networks reveals that the political actors examined are not metapolitically unified, exposing the fragmentation and porous nature of the right-wing concerning the topics investigated. Finally, it is demonstrated that this mapping of political and communicational action integrates formal and informal actors, communicators and politicians, driving an ideological propaganda that legitimizes the regressive form of counter-advertising—typical counter-hegemonic strategies sustained by media affordances and cultural capital, with anti-leftism serving as the unifying axis of this metapolitical narrative.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)88881.933690/2024-0
UPPER DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY IN CAPTIVE COATIS (NASUA NASUA, LINNAEUS, 1766)
No full textThis study aimed to perform upper digestive endoscopy in clinically healthy coatis (Nasua nasua), based on descriptions in domestic dogs and cats. In addition, research was carried out for Helicobacter in stomach samples. Five adult male coatis, weighing between 2.8 and 4.2 kg, kept in captivity were used. The examination was performed by using a flexible video endoscope with the animals under dissociative anesthesia and positioned in the left lateral decubitus. In general, endoscopic findings among animals were similar. The opening of the upper esophageal sphincter had an oval shape. The esophagus had a pale pink, smooth, and shiny mucosa, with submucosal vessels along its entire length. The contour of the trachea was evident with the impression of a curved appearance on the esophagus wall. Pulsation of the aortic arch was identified in the midthoracic region. The lower esophageal sphincter had an irregular shape resembling a star. In the stomach, rough folds and a mucous membrane with a darker pink color than the esophageal mucosa were observed. The antrum did not have the presence of mucous folds. The pylorus had an oval appearance with peristaltic movements, and the duodenal mucosa had a light pink color. The rapid urease test and histopathologic examination of stomach samples were negative for Helicobacter spp. In conclusion, upper digestive endoscopy of clinically healthy coatis has several similarities with those of domestic dogs and cats, without Helicobacter identification in stomach samples.Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State Universit