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Latin American consensus on the treatment of melasma
No full textMelasma is a chronic, relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder that primarily affects photoexposed areas, occurring most frequently in adult women with darker skin phototypes. The primary factors contributing to its development include sun exposure, sex hormones (e.g., pregnancy), and genetic predisposition. Melasma is highly prevalent in Latin America, where many countries lie in intertropical zones and exhibit significant ethnic diversity because of centuries of intermixing among Native Americans, Europeans, and Sub-Saharan Africans. Nine Latin American experts formulated a DELPHI-based consensus to develop a valuable approach for treating melasma in this diverse population. After establishing an accurate diagnosis, assessing the impact on quality of life, and determining disease severity, the consensus recommends mitigating known triggers and promoting rigorous photoprotection. Active therapy should be tailored based on individual characteristics (e.g., pregnancy status, previous treatments, skin sensitivity). Treatment options include topical depigmenting agents, systemic therapies, and procedural interventions such as laser therapy, microneedling, and chemical peels. Periodic reassessment of the treatment is essential, with strategies adjusted if targeted outcomes are not achieved. Once clinical remission is attained, patients should continue using topical depigmenting agents and maintain strict photoprotection measures to prevent recurrence.Facultad de Medicina and Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. Gonzalez” Servicio de Dermatología Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, N.LIDCA Dermatología and Hospital Vivian PellasUniversidad Ute—Centro de Alta Especialidad Dermatológica SkinproDepartamento de Dermatología Helpharma CLIPSO (Clínica para el Manejo de Enfermedades Inmunomediadas)Facultad de Medicina Universidad de ChileFacultad de Medicina and CiruDerm UNMSMPrivate PracticeZepeda DermatologíaDepartamento de Dermatología FMB-Unesp, SPDepartamento de Dermatología FMB-Unesp, S
Effects of Rock Inhibitor (Y-27632) on the Corneal Endothelium in Dogs Undergoing Phacoemulsification: A Pilot Study
No full textCataract is one of the most common ocular conditions in dogs, and phacoemulsification is the preferred therapeutic method among ophthalmologists. Of all postoperative complications, endothelial injuries stand out, potentially leading to permanent corneal decompensation and loss of transparency. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) on endothelial protection in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification. Twenty eyes of 10 dogs with bilateral senile cataracts were divided into two groups: Control Eyes (CE) (n = 10), which received balanced saline solution (BSS), and Treated Eyes (TE) (n = 10), which received 0.3 mL of intracameral Y-27632 at a concentration of 100 μmol/L immediately after corneal suturing. The corneal endothelium was evaluated through non-contact specular microscopy before and at different time points after phacoemulsification. We analyzed endothelial cell density (cells/mm2) and cell area (μm2), corneal thickness (mm), hexagonality (%), and coefficient of variation of cell size (%). P values equal to or < 0.05 were considered significant. Both groups showed a loss of endothelial cell density without statistical difference. Regarding corneal thickness and hexagonality, there was no difference. In the CE group, the cell area increased significantly between the evaluated time points, which was not observed in the TE group. It is assumed that the intracameral application of 0.3 mL containing 100 μmol/L of Y-27632 during phacoemulsification in dogs contributes to the stability of corneal endothelial cells, reducing their loss (7.4%), although no significant decrease in cell loss was observed compared to its non-use (11.8%).Department of Veterinary Clinical and Surgical Sciences FCAV UNESPDepartment of Veterinary Clinical and Surgical Sciences FCAV UNES
Maternaje, educación y emancipación: un análisis curricular
No full textÉ possível aceitar que discussões sobre maternidade, enquanto dimensão biológica e social da vida, são de extrema relevância no Ensino de Ciências e Matemática. Isso, pois os aspectos da reprodução humana, abordados nas disciplinas de Ciências e Biologia, e os subsídios para analisar e modelar fenômenos, próprios da Matemática, como taxas de natalidade, mortalidade materna e indicadores de saúde podem estimular o pensamento crítico para que as pessoas possam ler as desigualdades e as sujeições e subordinações as quais estão submetidas. Sendo assim, parece pertinente defender a hipótese de que diretrizes curriculares podem influenciar as percepções e práticas relacionadas à maternidade e ao cuidado parental, impactando no reconhecimento das desigualdades na reprodução social contemporânea. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa, fundamentada na Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, a saber em autoras feministas como Lélia Gonzalez, Nancy Fraser, Rahel Jaeggi, Amy Allen, Seyla Benhabib e Silvia Federici, tem como objetivo destacar o potencial do cuidado parental para a emancipação humana, discutindo como a representação da maternidade nos currículos escolares de Ciências e Matemática expressa o ideário capitalista no cuidado parental. Para tanto, via análise documental, contextualizar a maternidade na sociedade capitalista neoliberal, bem como os modelos de maternidade reproduzidos na sociedade e, consequentemente, nos currículos escolares. Foram realizadas análises de documentos curriculares do estado de São Paulo da Educação Básica com apoio do software Iramuteq e através da análise dos Materiais Digitais disponibilizados pelo Centro de Mídias do Estado de São Paulo, constatando que temáticas relacionadas à “maternidade”, bem como as discussões concernentes à reprodução e às relações de gênero, são apresentadas de forma indireta nas diretrizes para o Ensino de Matemática e Ciências na Educação Básica, apontando uma necessidade da inserção de conhecimentos sobre reprodução humana em uma abordagem não só biológica, mas também social nos currículos.It is possible to acknowledge that discussions on motherhood—as both a biological and social dimension of life—are of critical importance in Science and Mathematics Education. This is due to the fact that topics such as human reproduction, addressed in Science and Biology, and analytical tools provided by Mathematics, such as modeling birth rates, maternal mortality, and health indicators, can foster critical thinking, enabling individuals to recognize the inequalities, subjugations, and subordinations to which they are subjected. Therefore, it seems appropriate to argue that curricular guidelines can influence perceptions and practices related to motherhood and parental care, ultimately shaping the recognition of inequalities in contemporary social reproduction. In this context, the present research, grounded in Critical Theory of Society and informed by feminist scholars such as Lélia Gonzalez, Nancy Fraser, Rahel Jaeggi, Amy Allen, Seyla Benhabib, and Silvia Federici, aims to highlight the emancipatory potential of parental care. It investigates how the representation of motherhood in Science and Mathematics curricula reflects capitalist ideologies regarding caregiving. To this end, through documentary analysis, the study contextualizes motherhood within neoliberal capitalist society and examines the models of motherhood reproduced in both society and school curricula. Curricular documents from the state of São Paulo’s Basic Education system were analyzed using the Iramuteq software, alongside the examination of digital materials made available by the São Paulo State Media Center. The findings indicate that themes related to "motherhood," as well as discussions surrounding reproduction and gender relations, are indirectly addressed in the curricular guidelines for Mathematics and Science Education. This underscores the need to incorporate knowledge on human reproduction through an approach that is not only biological but also social.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Capes: 00
Chronoamperometric flow-cell designed to be unaffected by air bubbles
No full textIn this paper, we present a new design for a chronoamperometric flow cell in which air bubbles do not interfere with the control of potential between the working and reference electrodes. The flow-through dual-detection cell consists of two independent parts: an upper compartment containing a quiescent supporting electrolyte solution and a channel that operates under hydrodynamically controlled conditions. In this system, the working and counter electrodes can be placed directly in contact with both compartments, whereas the reference electrode can be assembled to be either isolated or in contact with the flowing stream channel. The design ensures that the potential applied to the working electrode (controlled in the upper compartment) is similar to the potential applied in the flowing channel. The performance of the proposed flow cell in generating accurate results, even in the presence of air bubbles, was evaluated through successive air-analyte-air injections. In both series where the analyte was introduced, suitable reproducibility was achieved. The robustness of the design was definitively proven by performing a series of measurements in analytical applications for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in antiseptic samples, yielding very satisfactory results.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Financiadora de Estudos e ProjetosConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, MSUNESP National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, SPDepartamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, SPUNESP National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, SPFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos: 04.13.0448.00/2013CNPq: 308996/2023-8CNPq: 402832/2016-7CNPq: 456749/2012-5CNPq: 465571/2014-
Callejera methodology: a path toward valuing female participation in Physical Education classes
No full textEste trabalho investigou a influência da Metodologia Callejera na valorização da participação feminina nas aulas de Educação Física, a partir de uma intervenção pedagógica realizada com estudantes do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental II. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Unidade Escolar Raul Rocha do Amaral, em São Vicente (SP), onde a autora atua como professora há dez anos. O objetivo principal foi analisar de que maneira a Metodologia Callejera contribui para a inclusão das meninas nas atividades corporais, superando aspectos limitadores simbólicos e contextuais historicamente presentes no ambiente escolar. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e participante, utilizando como instrumentos de coleta de dados questionários com questões abertas e fechadas, aplicados antes e após a intervenção pedagógica, além do diário de campo da professora-pesquisadora, que possibilitou o registro sistemático das vivências e interações durante o processo. As aulas incluíram modalidades diversificadas, como handebol, kin-ball, spikeball e flagball, organizadas a partir dos princípios da Metodologia Callejera que são: construção coletiva de regras, o jogo propriamente dito e mediação. A análise dos dados resultou na criação de duas categorias principais: “Entre o silenciamento e a resistência: à participação feminina e os olhares masculinos nas aulas de Educação Física” e “Impactos da Metodologia Callejera na participação estudantil”. Essas categorias foram desdobradas nas seguintes subcategorias: Aspectos limitadores simbólicos e cotidianos à participação feminina: Exclusão, invisibilidade e sentimentos de desvalorização; “Olhares masculinos sobre a participação feminina: reconhecimentos e invisibilizações”; “Ampliação da participação a partir de práticas diversificadas” e “Jogando juntos: a influência da Metodologia Callejera nas relações de gênero”. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram um avanço expressivo na participação das estudantes, que passaram a se envolver de forma mais ativa e confiante nas aulas, destacando sentimentos de pertencimento, valorização e protagonismo. Observou-se, ainda, uma mudança significativa nas atitudes dos meninos, que demonstraram maior disposição para a colaboração, respeito mútuo e cumprimento das regras estabelecidas coletivamente, contribuindo para a construção de um ambiente mais acolhedor e inclusivo. Conclui-se que a Metodologia Callejera se mostrou uma estratégia pedagógica eficaz, capaz de romper com padrões excludentes, promover práticas mais democráticas, equitativas e significativas e favorecer a participação de todos os estudantes nas aulas de Educação Física.This study investigated the influence of the Callejera Methodology on the appreciation of female participation in Physical Education classes, based on a pedagogical intervention conducted with 7th-grade students in lower secondary education. The research was carried out at Raul Rocha do Amaral Municipal School, in São Vicente (SP), where the author has worked as a teacher for ten years. The main objective was to analyze how the Callejera Methodology contributes to the inclusion of girls in physical activities, overcoming symbolic and contextual limiting factors historically present in the school environment.The research adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and participatory approach, using as data collection instruments questionnaires (with open and closed questions) applied before and after the pedagogical intervention, in addition to the researcher's field diary, which enabled the systematic recording of experiences and interactions throughout the process. The classes included diversified sports and activities, such as handball, kin-ball, spikeball, and flagball, organized according to the principles of the Callejera Methodology: collective rule construction, the game itself, and mediation.The data analysis led to the creation of two main categories: "Between silencing and resistance: female participation and male perspectives in Physical Education classes" and "Impacts of the Callejera Methodology on student participation." These categories were further divided into the following subcategories: Symbolic and everyday limiting aspects of female participation: exclusion, invisibility, and feelings of devaluation; "Male perspectives on female participation: recognition and invisibility"; "Expansion of participation through diversified practices"; and "Playing together: the influence of the Callejera Methodology on gender relations."The results demonstrated a significant increase in the participation of the girls, who began to engage more actively and confidently in the classes, expressing feelings of belonging, appreciation, and protagonism. A notable change in the boys’ attitudes was also observed, as they showed greater willingness to collaborate, demonstrate mutual respect, and adhere to collectively established rules, contributing to the construction of a more welcoming and inclusive environment. It is concluded that the Callejera Methodology proved to be an effective pedagogical strategy, capable of breaking with exclusionary patterns, promoting more democratic, equitable, and meaningful practices, and encouraging the active participation of all students in Physical Education classes
Herbicidal activity and mode of action of chalcones
No full textMais do que nunca, o controle de plantas daninhas é essencial para um bom rendimento da produção global de alimentos. As plantas daninhas estão causando sérias perdas econômicas, mais do que qualquer outra praga agrícola. Nesse sentido, as chalconas são substâncias multifuncionais com diversos alvos moleculares e um amplo espectro de atividades biológicas. Elas também têm bom potencial fitotóxico e são relativamente fáceis de sintetizar. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a atividade herbicida e o modo de ação das hidroxichalconas. A atividade herbicida foi avaliada por meio de curva dose-resposta construída a partir de soluções nas concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 25, 50 e 100 μmol L-1 em etanol a 0,1%. O modo de ação das hidroxichalconas foi avaliado por meio de experimentos de índice mitótico. Os resultados foram analisados usando ANOVA unidirecional seguido pelo teste de Tukey, ou Kruskal-Wallis seguido pelo teste de Dunn (p < 0,05). Regressão não linear foi usada para analisar os dados da curva dose-resposta. A chalcona T3 foi a mais potente na inibição do crescimento radicular, com um IC50 de 6,2 μmol L-1 em Arabidopsis thaliana. Na maioria dos casos, as chalconas causaram a formação de células com formato alongado e apresentaram menor proporção de células nas fases de mitose. Os resultados atuais sugerem que as hidroxichalconas possuem atividade herbicida e seus experimentos de modos de ação revelaram que elas podem interferir na divisão celular, levando a crescimento e desenvolvimento anormais em plantas. Ao interromper o ciclo celular, elas podem impedir a formação de novos tecidos e prejudicar o crescimento das plantas.More than ever, weed control is essential for good global food production. Weeds are causing serious economic losses, more than any other agricultural pest. In this sense, chalcones are multifunctional substances with diverse molecular targets and a broad spectrum of biological activities. They also have good phytotoxic potential and are relatively easy to synthesize. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the herbicidal activity and mode of action of hydroxychalcones. The herbicidal activity was evaluated by means of a dose-response curve constructed from solutions at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μmol L-1 in 0.1% ethanol. The mode of action of hydroxychalcones was evaluated by means of mitotic index experiments. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, or Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Nonlinear regression was used to analyze the dose-response curve data. Chalcone T3 was the most potent in inhibiting root growth, with an IC50 of 6.2 μmol L-1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. In most cases, chalcones caused the formation of elongated cells and showed a lower proportion of cells in the mitotic phase. The present results suggest that hydroxychalcones have herbicidal activity and their mode-of-action experiments revealed that they can interfere with cell division, leading to abnormal growth and development in plants. By interrupting the cell cycle, they can prevent the formation of new tissues and impair plant growth
Unsupervised Effectiveness Estimation Measure Based on Rank Correlation for Image Retrieval
No full textIn recent years, the amount of image data has increased exponentially, driven by advancements in digital technologies. As the volume of data expands, the efforts required for labeling also escalate, which is costly and time-consuming. This scenario highlights the critical need for methods capable of delivering effective results in scenarios with few or no labels at all. In unsupervised retrieval, the task of Query Performance Prediction (QPP) is crucial and challenging, as it involves estimating the effectiveness of a query without labeled data. Besides promising, the QPP approaches are still largely unexplored for image retrieval. Additionally, recent approaches require training and do not exploit rank correlation to model the data. To address this gap, we propose a novel QPP measure named Accumulated JaccardMax, which considers contextual similarity information and innovates by exploiting a recent rank correlation measure to assess the effectiveness of ranked lists. It provides a robust estimation by analyzing the ranked lists in different neighborhood depths and does not require any training or labeled data. Extensive experiments were conducted across 5 datasets and over 20 different features including hand-crafted (e.g., color, shape, texture) and deep learning (e.g., Convolutional Networks and Vision Transformers) models. The results reveal that the proposed unsupervised measure exhibits a high correlation with the Mean Average Precision (MAP) in most cases, achieving results that are better or comparable to the baseline approaches in the literature.PetrobrasSão Paulo State University (UNESP), SPSão Paulo State University (UNESP), SPPetrobras: #2023/00095-
The Wildcat That Lives in Me: A Review on Free-Roaming Cats (Felis catus) in Brazil, Focusing on Research Priorities, Management, and Their Impacts on Cat Welfare
No full textDomestic cats (Felis catus) currently occupy the 38th place in the Global Invasive Species Database. Free-roaming cats potentially have broad-ranging impacts on wildlife, occupying most terrestrial environments globally as house pets, strays, or feral animals. In Australia, for example, cats are responsible for the decline in many vertebrate populations and extinction of several native mammals. However, in Brazil, few studies have explored either direct impacts of predation on wildlife, or other indirect impacts, such as competition for resources, niche overlap, hybridization, and disease transmission. In this review, we summarize and discuss 34 original research reports, published between 2001 and 2020, on impacts of free-roaming cats in Brazil. We briefly contextualize the history of cat domestication and present that, in Brazil, more studies have focused on the potential of free-roaming cats to transmit disease than to exert impacts via predation or competition on wildlife. More studies were conducted in Brazilian mainland areas (n = 23)—notably in Atlantic Forest—than on islands (n = 11). The review highlights potential impacts of cats on wildlife. We also discuss how control management strategies can affect the welfare of domestic cats, identifying potential knowledge gaps as well as opportunities for future research. Finally, understanding risks of cat predation is necessary to inform future measures to mitigate impacts on wildlife, without neglecting cat welfare.Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Center for Studies in Ethology and Animal Welfare Federal University of Juiz de ForaGraduate Program in Experimental Psychology Institute of Psychology University of São PauloAqualie InstituteSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine University of CalgaryDepartment of Zoology Federal University of Juiz de ForaFaculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Department of Animal Science São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal Campus, São PauloFaculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Department of Animal Science São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal Campus, São Paul
Residential load forecasting including electric vehicle charging using artificial neural networks
No full textA crescente integração de veículos elétricos (VEs) à rede elétrica impõe desafios significativos ao planejamento e operação do setor, particularmente no que tange à demanda residencial de energia. Este trabalho investiga a aplicação e o desempenho de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) do tipo Perceptron Multicamadas (MLP) com treinamento por Retropopagação para a previsão de curto prazo da demanda elétrica residencial combinada ao carregamento não coordenado de VEs. Utilizou-se um conjunto de dados públicos representativo do consumo residencial e de carregamento de VEs, que foi processado com ferramentas da linguagem Python e suas bibliotecas para ciência de dados e aprendizado de máquina. O estudo envolveu a exploração de diferentes configurações de neurônios nas camadas ocultas, funções de ativação como ReLU e Sigmoide, e técnicas de regularização como Batch Normalization e Dropout, com a avaliação do desempenho realizada por meio de métricas estatísticas como MAPE, RMSE e R². Os resultados demonstraram a capacidade dos modelos MLP em aprender os padrões complexos da demanda combinada do consumo residencial com a introdução de veículos elétricos, identificando-se uma arquitetura otimizada, com 9, 6 e 2 neurônios nas camadas ocultas, utilizando ativação ReLU e Batch Normalization, que alcançou um MAPE de aproximadamente 5,76% para o cenário Re+L1. A análise experimental revelou a importância da seleção criteriosa da arquitetura e das técnicas de regularização para a obtenção de um modelo com boa capacidade de generalização. O estudo contribui para a compreensão da aplicabilidade de RNAs na previsão de cenários de demanda residencial com VEs, fornecendo uma análise do processo de refinamento e dos fatores que influenciam o desempenho preditivo, e reforça a relevância de tais abordagens para investigações futuras no contexto da eletrificação do transporte.The increasing integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid poses significant challenges to the sector's planning and operation, particularly concerning residential energy demand. This work investigates the application and performance of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), trained with Backpropagation, for the short-term forecasting of residential electricity demand combined with uncoordinated EV charging. A public dataset representative of residential consumption and EV charging was used, which was processed with tools from the Python language and its libraries for data science and machine learning. The study involved exploring different hidden layer neuron configurations, activation functions such as ReLU and Sigmoid, and regularization techniques like Batch Normalization and Dropout, with performance evaluation conducted using statistical metrics such as MAPE, RMSE, and R². The results demonstrated the capability of MLP models to learn the complex patterns of the combined demand from residential consumption with the introduction of electric vehicles. An optimized architecture was identified—with 9, 6, and 2 neurons in the hidden layers, using ReLU activation and Batch Normalization—which achieved a MAPE of approximately 5.76% for the Re+L1 scenario. The experimental analysis revealed the importance of a careful selection of the architecture and regularization techniques to obtain a model with good generalization capacity. The study contributes to the understanding of ANN applicability in forecasting residential demand scenarios with EVs, providing an analysis of the refinement process and the factors that influence predictive performance, and reinforces the relevance of such approaches for future investigations in the context of transport electrification
CIDADANIA VINDA DO LIXO - VALORIZANDO PESSOAS E RESÍDUOS COMO INFLEXÃO NO PROCESSO DE FRAGMENTAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL EM BOGOTÁ
No full textBogotá currently has approximately 8 million inhabitants, with a daily production of approximately 10,000 tons of garbage. Of these millions of people, it is estimated that over 10,000 live on the streets in conditions of extreme vulnerability. Many survive through informal, and sometimes illicit dynamics, and the practice of recycling is quite common, fundamentally contributing to the reuse of approximately 2,000 tons per day. Through documentary and media research, an exploratory bibliographic review and field observation, this text seeks to establish this connection between the reality of homeless people, garbage, the importance of recycling and the policies for managing human and non-human waste in the city of Bogotá, as these are challenged in the social representation and symbolism associated with them. As a result, we seek possibilities for a fundamental change in the way life is carried out in Bogotá, through an association between the street, drugs and waste management, in which people who interact with these aspects take on the role of caring for their lives and the urban community.Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP Departamento de Geografia, SPUniversidad Externado Departamento de Derecho del Medio AmbienteFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP Departamento de Geografia, S