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On the meaning of community-level tree-growth signal in a tropical forest restoration
No full textEcological restoration is a global need, particularly in the tropics. Dendrochronological research could boost basic and applied knowledge for tropical restoration projects. Here, we explored whether trees in restoration programs of the Atlantic Rainforest form growth rings prone to crossdating and analysis of climatic signals. We analyzed 43 trees distributed across the 18 most common species in two restoration stands. Trees (35) from all the species evidenced crossdatable growth rings, allowing us to construct a robust multi-species ring-width chronology. This unprecedented community-level signal in the tropics was determined by a one-year lagged tree-growth response to water availability and temperature. The dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are likely involved in this delayed climatic effect. Relatively homogeneous light conditions among trees in the stands would be critical for detecting the growth signal. Whether such a community-level signal would be found elsewhere and the role of NSC in mediating tree growth responses to climate deserve further investigation. Tree-ring analysis allowed us to assess the climatic sensitivity of a forest community undergoing restoration and could further address several other relevant issues towards restoring tropical ecosystems. On the other hand, restoration projects offer a unique experimental setting to advance tropical dendrochronology.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade de Sao Paulo Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Av. Centenário N° 303, São PauloUniversidade de Sao Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, São PauloUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos N° 950, Rio Grande do SulFaculdade Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Av. Universitária, nº 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, São PauloFaculdade Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Av. Universitária, nº 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, São PauloFAPESP: # 2023/08463–
Crude glycerol organosolv pretreatment: Chain integration for the production of 2G ethanol and biogas
No full textThe pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with crude glycerol from biodiesel production was evaluated at three different times, varying the temperature, glycerol, and solids concentrations. The pretreatment efficiency was evaluated based on the results of enzymatic hydrolysis, and subsequently, the hydrolysate was fermented to ethanol. Furthermore, the pretreatment liquor was used for biogas production. The results have shown that the pretreatment time is not statistically significant in the enzymatic hydrolysis step. The highest glucose concentration (80.7 g.L−1) was obtained for the most severe pretreatment condition: 210 °C, 70 % glycerol, and 30 % solids. The fermentation of the resulting hydrolysate led to a yield of 80.23 % in ethanol fermentation, and the pretreatment liquor produced 814.56 NmLCH4.g−1VS in anaerobic digestion. This work has shown the efficiency of pretreatment with crude glycerol, an alternative for the integrated production of second-generation ethanol and biogas using a biodiesel subproduct, in a biorefinery concept.Chemical Engineering School University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP, 13083-852, CampinasInterdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning (NIPE) University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP, 13083-896, CampinasAgricultural Engineering School University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP, 13.083-875, SPCenter for Biological Sciences Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), CEP, 50670-901, RecifeSchool of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP, 18610-034, Botucatu Campus, BotucatuSchool of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP, 18610-034, Botucatu Campus, Botucat
Advances in Cysteine Protease B Inhibitors for Leishmaniasis Treatment
No full textThe expression and release of cysteine proteases by Leishmania spp. and their virulence factors significantly influence the modulation of host immune responses and metabolism, rendering cysteine proteases intriguing targets for drug development. This review article explores the substantial role of cysteine protease B (CPB) in medicinal chemistry from 2001 to 2024, particularly concerning combatting Leishmania parasites. We delve into contemporary advancements and potential prospects associated with targeting cysteine proteases for therapeutic interventions against leishmaniasis, emphasizing drug discovery in this context. Computational analysis using the pkCSM tool assessed the physicochemical properties of compounds, providing valuable insights into their molecular characteristics and drug-like potential, enriching our understanding of the pharmacological profiles, and aiding rational inhibitor design. Our investigation highlights that while nonpeptidic compounds constitute the majority (69.2%, 36 compounds) of the dataset, peptidomimetic-based derivatives (30.8%, 16 compounds) also hold promise in medicinal chemistry. Evaluating the most promising compounds based on dissociation constant (Ki) and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values revealed notable potency, with 41.7% and 80.0% of nonpeptidic compounds exhibiting values < 1 µM, respectively. On the other hand, all peptidic compounds evaluated for Ki (43.8%) and IC50 (31.3%) obtained values < 1 µM, respectively. Further analysis identified specific compounds within both categories (nonpeptidic: 1, 2, and 4; peptidic: 48-52) as particularly promising, warranting deeper investigation into their structure-activity relationships. These findings underscore the diverse landscape of inhibitors in medicinal chemistry and highlight the potential of both nonpeptidic and peptide-based compounds as valuable assets in therapeutic development against leishmaniasis.Department of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), SPDepartment of Clinical Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPDepartment of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), SPDepartment of Clinical Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), S
Dentoskeletal effects of miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction: Evaluating the role of mandibular anchorage bar and night facemask
No full textIntroduction: This study evaluated the dentoskeletal effects of miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction, which included a mandibular anchorage bar and a night facemask in adolescents. Methods: A total of 20 growing patients with Class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiency were treated with a hybrid hyrax expander with 2 miniscrews in the maxilla and a mandibular anchor bar supported in 2 miniscrews in the anterior region of the mandible. Class III elastics were used from the maxillary first molars to the mandibular anchorage bar, joining the mandibular miniscrews installed between permanent incisors and canines. The variables that met the presuppositions of a parametric analysis were analyzed using the paired t test, and the remaining variables were analyzed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon paired test. Results: The final sample included 17 subjects (4 females and 13 males; initial age, 12.3 ± 1.2 years). The results demonstrated a significant increase in Wits appraisal (mm), ANB (°), SNA (°), N perp-A (mm), Co-A (mm), Co-Gn (mm), AFAI (mm), molar relationship (mm), overjet (mm), U6-vertical Pt (mm), L1-NB (mm) and U1-L1 (°) (P <0.05). Conclusions: The study showed that miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction associated with facemasks and mandibular anchorage bars produces positive skeletal effects in adolescents while also favoring the control of dental effects.Araras Dental School Department of Orthodontic University Center of Hermınio Ometto Foundation-FHO, ArarasResearch and Development Sector Kika Digital Orthodontics, SorocabaSchool of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics São Paulo State University-UNESP, AraraquaraPiracicaba Dental School Department of Orthodontics Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, PiracicabaSchool of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquar
Plant biotechnology aiming at the genetic transformation of maize with vip3Aa and bar genes via Agrobacterium tumefaciens
No full textO presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de um protocolo eficiente de cultura de tecidos aplicado a linhagens de milho (Zea mays L.), com foco na transformação genética mediada por Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Para isso, foram testados e adaptados quatro protocolos distintos previamente descritos na literatura, com aplicação prática em linhagens de milho desenvolvidas pela UNESP. O estudo envolveu mais de 700 plantas, cultivadas sob condições controladas por meio de técnicas como hidroponia e cultivo em casa de vegetação, visando o fornecimento de explantes adequados para a indução de calos e posterior regeneração. Como etapa preliminar, foi realizado o ensaio de transformação transiente utilizando a construção genética RUBY, que atua como sistema repórter visual baseado na via biossintética da betalaína. Esse ensaio foi conduzido nas linhagens B104, L12 e L14, com o intuito de avaliar a eficiência da entrega gênica e a suscetibilidade das variedades ao processo de transformação. A linhagem B104 demonstrou maior compatibilidade com os protocolos testados, permitindo a regeneração de plantas completas em meio de cultura, o que possibilitou sua posterior utilização nos ensaios de transformação estável. Na etapa seguinte, a linhagem B104 foi submetida ao processo de transformação genética mediado por A. tumefaciens, utilizando estirpes contendo o vetor binário pMCG1005::vip3Aa::bar. Este vetor carrega os genes vip3Aa, proveniente de Bacillus thuringiensis, responsável por conferir resistência a lagartas da ordem Lepidoptera, e bar (de Streptomyces hygroscopicus), utilizado como marcador seletivo por meio da aplicação do herbicida glufosinato de amônio, também conhecido comercialmente como BASTA®. Após o processo de cocultivo, os calos embriogênicos foram submetidos à seleção em meio contendo o herbicida, e os tecidos sobreviventes foram regenerados até a obtenção de plantas completas. A metodologia proposta permitiu a obtenção de eventos transgênicos em milho, demonstrando a viabilidade do protocolo estabelecido e a efetividade da linhagem B104 como genótipo modelo para transformação. Este trabalho contribui para o avanço das técnicas de engenharia genética em milho tropical, fornecendo uma base metodológica sólida para futuras pesquisas com outras variedades e genes de interesse agronômico.This study aimed to develop and evaluate an efficient tissue culture protocol applied to maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines, focusing on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. To this end, four distinct protocols previously described in the literature were tested and adapted for practical application to maize lines developed by UNESP. The study involved more than 700 plants grown under controlled conditions using hydroponics and greenhouse cultivation, aiming to provide suitable explants for callus induction and subsequent regeneration. As a preliminary step, a transient transformation assay was conducted using the RUBY genetic construct, which functions as a visual reporter system based on the betalain biosynthetic pathway. This assay was performed on B104, L12, and L14 lines to evaluate gene delivery efficiency and genotype susceptibility to the transformation process. The B104 line showed greater compatibility with the tested protocols, allowing for the regeneration of complete plants in culture media, thus enabling its use in subsequent stable transformation assays. In the next stage, the B104 line was subjected to A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation using strains harboring the binary vector pMCG1005::vip3Aa::bar. This vector carries the vip3Aa gene, derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, which confers resistance to Lepidoptera larvae, and the bar gene, from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, used as a selectable marker via application of the herbicide glufosinate ammonium (commercially known as BASTA®). Following cocultivation, embryogenic calli were selected in medium containing the herbicide, and surviving tissues were regenerated into whole plants. The proposed methodology enabled the generation of transgenic maize events, demonstrating the feasibility of the established protocol and the effectiveness of the B104 line as a model genotype for transformation. This work contributes to the advancement of genetic engineering techniques in tropical maize, providing a solid methodological foundation for future studies involving other varieties and agronomically important gene
Life history of the snapping shrimp Synalpheus ubatuba: Morphological description of the first larval stage reared in laboratory
No full textSynalpheus ubatuba zoea I was described by assessing laboratory-hatched larvae. It was compared to other Synalpheus descriptions available in the literature. Partial sequences of parental female's 16S rRNA were analysed and it provided additional evidence for species identification. The first S. ubatuba zoea can be identified by a set of morphological characteristics, namely: antennal scale 4-articled; basial endite of the maxillule with 3 stout spines + 1 spine; coxal endite of the maxilla with 3 plumose setae and 1 simple seta; basis of the first maxilliped with 4 spines and 2 simple setae; endopod of the third maxilliped with 5-articled with 0, 0, 0, 2 (1 serrate + 1 simple) setae, 4 simple setae. There was significant larval morphology difference between these characteristics in comparison to other species in the Brevicarpus group (S. brevicarpus and S. minus) which S. ubatuba belongs to. Despite systematic and ecological information provided in the original S. ubatuba description, the present study is the first to focus on the particular features of this species' larval morphology. Evidence of the herein provided larval morphology traits in addition to potential comparison to congeners presenting well-known larval descriptions, supported the identification of newly discovered species.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Department of Biological Sciences Laboratory of Biology of Marine and Freshwater Shrimp (LABCAM) School of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), São PauloAgroforestry Sciences Training Center Federal University of Southern Bahia, BahiaLaboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC) Department of Biology Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) University of São Paulo (USP), São PauloDepartment of Biological Sciences Laboratory of Biology of Marine and Freshwater Shrimp (LABCAM) School of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), São PauloCNPq: 140957/2020-0FAPESP: 2018/00739-0FAPESP: 2018/13685-5CNPq: 302253/2019-0CNPq: 304368/2022-9CNPq: 442421/2023-
P1176 Low serum albumin levels are associated with higher colectomy rates in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis on tofacitinib
No full textUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Surg & Anat, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilGastroenterol & Endoscopy, Gastromed, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Dept Surg, Campinas, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Gastroenterol, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilUniv Vale Itajai, Gastroenterol, Itajai, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Gastroenterol, Sch Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Sao Paulo Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilFeevale Univ, Moinhos Vento Hosp, Dept Colon & Rectum Surg, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Inflammatory Bowel Dis Ctr, Juiz De Fora, BrazilHosp Clin Passo Fundo, Atitus Med Sch, Dept Colorectal Surg, Passo Fundo, BrazilUniv Passo Fundo, Gastroenterol, Passo Fundo, BrazilPUC Campinas Med Sch, Dept Surg, Campinas, BrazilUniv Cattholic PUC RS, Gastroenterol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilColitis Digest Syst Inst, Reference Ctr Crohn, Gastroenterol, Porto Alegre, BrazilGastrosaude, Gastroenterol, Marilia, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Surg, Campinas, BrazilFed Univ Rio Janeiro, Gastroenterol, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ Unesp, Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Surg & Anat, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ Unesp, Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu, Brazi
Landscape analysis for geoarchaeological interpretation of the Cuíca D'Água site, Junqueirópolis - SP
No full textEste trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e interpretar a paisagem do Sítio Arqueológico Cuíca D’Água, localizado no munícipio de Junqueirópolis/ SP, próximo ao curso d’água Ribeirão dos Caingangues (afluente do rio do Peixe), a fim de entender a possível utilização do paleopavimento e de calhaus como fonte de matéria prima dos líticos lascados encontrados na área do assentamento em tela. Tanto os líticos lascados
quanto os seixos foram encontrados em superfície e enterrados até 60 cm de profundidade. Os artefatos líticos, normalmente, são usados e produzidos pelo grupo indígena caçador-coletor ou agricultor ceramista e tem comumente a finalidade de furar, cortar e raspar. O lítico lascado encontrado na área do Sítio Arqueológico Cuíca D’ Água pode estar relacionado tanto a um quanto a outro grupo indígena, haja vista tratar-se de uma indústria expediente, presente em qualquer um dos grupos em tela na área do Oeste Paulista. Os geoindicadores encontrados na área são seixos e calhaus, que foram usados como fonte de matéria-prima dos materiais encontrados: lascas expedientes, lascas de limpeza do núcleo e artefatos sobre lascas. Consideramos a hipótese de que a área foi utilizada para obtenção de matéria-prima, a partir da limpeza da rocha da parte externa da rocha, que, posteriormente foi utilizada em outra área como artefato, tendo em vista serem raros os artefatos na área do sítio. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto analisamos a paisagem pelo viés da interdisciplinaridade entre a Geografia e Arqueologia, mais especificadamente a Geoarqueologia, com base nos seguintes referenciais teóricos: Ab’Saber (1969); Araújo (2017); Bigarella, Becker e Passos (2007); Ross e Moroz (2017) e Ross (1962).The aim of this work is to analyze and interpret the landscape of the Cuíca D'Água Archaeological Site, located in the municipality of Junqueirópolis/SP, near the Ribeirão dos Caingangues watercourse (a tributary of the Peixe River), in order to understand the possible use of paleopavement and pebbles as a source of raw material for the chipped lithics found in the area of the settlement in question. Both the chipped lithics and the pebbles were found on the surface and buried up to 60 cm deep. Lithic artifacts are normally used and produced by the indigenous hunter-gatherer or potter farmer group and are usually used for drilling, cutting and scraping. The chipped lithics found in the area of the Cuíca D' Água Archaeological Site could be related to either one or the other indigenous group, since it is an expedient industry, present in any of the groups in question in the West Paulista area. The geoindicators found in the area are pebbles and cobbles, which were used as a source of raw material for the materials found: expedient chips, core cleaning chips and chip artifacts. We considered the hypothesis that the area was used to obtain raw materials by cleaning the rock from the outside, which was later used in another area as an artifact, since artifacts are rare in the area of the site. To achieve the proposed objective, we analyzed the landscape through the lens of interdisciplinarity between Geography and Archaeology, more specifically Geoarchaeology, based on the following theoretical references: Ab'Saber (1969); Araújo (2017); Bigarella, Becker and Passos (2007); Ross and Moroz (2017) and Ross (1962).Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CAPES: 00
Vitamina A e anormalidade esqueléticas em larvas de Pacu
No full textVitamin A (VA) has a central role in the skeletal formation of fish larvae as it participates in the growth and development of cells and tissues during embryogenesis. We evaluated the effect of VA on the incidence of skeletal anomalies in the production of Piaractus mesopotamicus (P. mesopotamicus) larvae. The experiment was carried out using a total of 12,800 newly hatched larvae and included two phases: the first phase – was installed with two treatments A0, Artemia nauplii, and A50, Artemia nauplii enriched with 50,000 UI of retinol acetate (AR), with eight replicates each an distributed in 16 100-L tanks (8 larvae.L-1), the second phase was installed with the larvae for each treatment in the first phase and redistributed in 32 50-L tanks and received four formulated diets supplemented or not with vitamin A: D0, D30, D60, and D120 (addition of 0, 30,000, 60,000, and 120,000 UI of AR.kg-1 of diet, respectively), with four replicates. The feeding transition was performed gradually, for three days, until the live food was suppressed. At the end of the larvae were counted to evaluate the survival rate, and a sample was evaluated for performance, incidence of skeletal anomalies, and expression of genes related to possible skeletal anomalies. The results indicated that the A0D30 treatment favored growth and showed the lowest incidence of skeletal anomalies.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), ESFaculdade Dr. Francisco Maeda (FAFRAM), SPCentro de Aquicultura da Unesp (CAUNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SPCentro de Aquicultura da Unesp (CAUNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SPCAPES: 001FAPESP: 2008/57411-4FAPESP: 2010/09782-
Utilização de lineamentos extraídos de imagens de radar e da rede de drenagem para avaliação do potencial mineral de Au e Cu no Grupo Bom Jardim (Neoproterozoico), sul do Brasil
No full textA exploração de ouro e cobre é essencial para o desenvolvimento sustentável da mineração no mundo e no Brasil, dada a dependência das importações de cobre. Este estudo tem como objetivo reavaliar e identificar áreas promissoras para prospecção de sulfetos no sul do Brasil, utilizando tecnologias como imagens de radar (ALOS PALSAR) e softwares (PCI Geomatics, QGIS, Spring e Orient) para extração e processamento de lineamentos tectônicos. A análise comparativa entre essas estruturas lineares e as redes de drenagem permite avaliar a presença de minerais de ouro aluvionar e cobre disseminado em andesitos, como observado nas minas abandonadas de Seival. Os métodos empregados incluem a extração de lineamentos tectônicos e a avaliação de ocorrências minerais nas formações Hilário (vulcanogênica) e Arroio dos Nobres (sedimentar) do Grupo Bom Jardim (Neoproterozoico) e suas redes de drenagem. Como resultado, este artigo conclui que as principais direções de alinhamento tectônico para ocorrências de cobre e ouro disseminadas em andesitos são predominantemente E-O, N-S, N5°O, N58°O, N62°L e N23°L, e para ouro aluvionar N-S e N45°O. Esses resultados são cruciais para a reavaliação de áreas mineradoras abandonadas e para a identificação das principais orientações minerais em rochas e da orientação predominante de depósitos aluvionares, servindo como controles estruturais para a descoberta de novas ocorrências minerais. Conclui-se que as geotecnologias ampliaram as possibilidades de estudo, permitindo uma análise mais detalhada dos lineamentos tectônicos e sistemas de drenagem, e fornecendo um guia prospectivo valioso para a exploração mineral de ouro e cobre.The exploration of gold and copper is essential for the sustainable development of mining worldwide and in Brazil, given the dependency on copper imports. This study aims to reassess and identify promising areas for sulfide prospecting in southern Brazil, with technologies, including radar images (ALOS PALSAR) and software (PCI Geomatics CATALYST Professional Complete, version 2023, QGIS 3.38.1 (Grenoble), Spring 5.5.6, and Orient 3.20.0), for the extraction and processing of tectonic lineaments. The comparative analysis between these linear structures and the drainage networks allows for the assessment of alluvial gold minerals and disseminated copper in andesites, as observed in the abandoned Seival mines. The methods employed include the extraction of tectonic lineaments and the evaluation of mineral occurrences in the Hilário (volcanogenic) and Arroio dos Nobres (sedimentary) formations of the Bom Jardim Group (Neoproterozoic) and their drainage networks. As a result, this article concludes that the main tectonic alignment directions for copper and gold occurrences disseminated in andesites are predominantly E–W, N–S, N 5◦ W, N 58◦ W, N 62◦ E, and N 23◦ E, and for alluvial gold N–S and N 45◦ W. These results are crucial for reassessing abandoned mining areas and identifying the primary mineral orientations in rocks and the predominant orientation of alluvial deposits, serving as structural controls for discovering new mineral occurrences. It is concluded that geotechnologies have expanded the possibilities for study, enabling a more detailed analysis of tectonic lineaments and drainage systems and providing a valuable prospective guide for gold and copper mineral exploration.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Versão final do editorFAPESP: 2023/04732-