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Lobbies, communication, and public perception in Spain: characterization and sociodemographic influences
No full textThe way society perceives a lobby plays a critical role in shaping its potential influence. With this in mind, the present research aims to explore the public perception of lobbies in Spain based on three criteria: attributes associated with their activities, organizational types, and interests defended (O1). Additionally, it seeks to analyze the influence of five sociodemographic variables on the perception of lobbies: gender, age, ideology, economic status, and education (O2).Methodology:The methodological approach is quantitative and exploratory. Data collection involves N=418 questionnaires, while data analysis encompasses a range of statistical procedures, including variance analysis, binary logistic regressions, and analysis of B regression coefficients, among others. Results:The examination of the results reveals a polarized scenario with lobbies showing a predominantly negative public perception, particularly concerning their transparency and ethics. However, responses tend to be more neutral or even slightly positive in certain cases, such as for organizations advocating for social interests. As for the influence of sociodemographic variables, individuals with right-wing ideology, higher economic status, and tertiary education tend to have a more positive perception of lobbies. Discussion and conclusions: These findings contribute to explaining one of the most decisive determinants in lobbies’ ability to influence policy-making processes and underscore the importance of addressing public concerns to enhance transparency and legitimacy in their activities
Protocol of major outpatient surgery in open cholecystectomy programmed in the service of general surgery of the Central Hospital of Maracay
No full textMajor Outpatient Surgery (MAS) is a set of surgical, therapeutic, diagnostic procedures, as well as anesthetic techniques (local, locoregional, with or without sedation) that requires shorter postoperative care, which represents one of the most timely, economical and satisfactory changes for surgery. The objective: was to evaluate a major outpatient surgery protocol in patients with scheduled open cholecystectomies in the general surgery service of the Central Hospital of Maracay in the period from January to August 2024. Materials and methods: were a descriptive, observational, prospective, and longitudinal clinical-epidemiological study. The population consisted of 65 patients diagnosed with gallstones, with a sample of 37 selected. Statistical descriptions were performed, constructing 95% confidence intervals for the variables. Results: The average age was 47.78 years. The majority of patients were women. The absence of underlying medical history was evident. Of the 37 patients, 30 had satisfactory resolution of the pathology, without requiring readmissions, reoperations, or complications. Only 7 of the individuals presented minor complications, with effective resolution. The quality indicators for major outpatient surgery confirmed the effectiveness that the protocol can provide. Conclusion: Major outpatient surgery is an innovative alternative that optimizes surgical care by allowing patients to return home the same day of the intervention, in addition to demonstrating a low rate of postoperative complications, giving satisfactory results in a short period of time, which is why its implementation is recommended
E-commerce and market research as fundamental tools for Ecuadorian business expansion in the digital era
No full textThis review article addressed the critical necessity for Ecuadorian businesses to integrate electronic commerce (e-commerce) and market research to ensure their expansion in the digital era. The study aimed to analyze the fundamental importance of these strategies as indispensable tools for business growth and brand positioning. A bibliographic review methodology was employed, restricting the search to research published after 2019 in specialized databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. The critical analysis focused on the evolution of e-commerce, tracing its origins from Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT) in the 70s to its modern B2C and B2B models, and the evaluation of key strategic tools, including the PETSA Macroenvironmental Analysis and Porter's Five Forces. E-commerce, defined as an electronic commercial transaction, was determined to be crucial for increasing productivity and profits. However, it was identified that the lack of an online store hindered the collection of vital customer data (habits, preferences), a deficiency that, alongside the absence of proper market research, was confirmed as the main cause of business failure. Despite Ecuador reporting 75.6% active internet users, the review concluded that sustained business growth intrinsically depended on the rigorous application of e-commerce theoretical foundations and market intelligence to achieve differentiation and brand positioning in a highly competitive environment
Asociación entre el apoyo familiar y la adherencia al tratamiento en personas con hipertensión arterial
No full textIntroduction. The high prevalence of patients with resistant hypertension is related to poor treatment adherence, which calls for investigating protective factors that contribute to achieving the overall treatment goal of preventing cardiovascular disease.
Objective: To establish the association between family support and treatment adherence in adults with hypertension.
Methodology: A cross-sectional correlational study. A sample of 300 individuals with hypertension completed the Family Support for Older Adults (FSS) Scale and the Treatment Adherence for Patients with Hypertension (TAQPH) questionnaire. Data were categorized into two categories: family support (low, medium, and high) and treatment adherence (adherent and nonadherent). Data were analyzed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient and Fisher’s exact test. The strength of the association was assessed using the Cramer’s V test.
Results: Of the 300 participants, 61.67% were over 60 years of age. 69,00% were women. Family support was significantly and positively associated with treatment adherence (rho = 0.416; p = < 0.001). The strength of the association was medium.
Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that greater family support leads to greater treatment adherence in adults with hypertension. Research is needed to test the effectiveness of family support-focused interventions to improve treatment adherence.Introducción: La alta prevalencia de pacientes con HTA resistente está relacionada a la falta de adherencia al tratamiento lo que implica indagar sobre factores protectores que contribuyan al alcanzar la meta general del tratamiento para prevenir la enfermedad cardiovascular.
Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre el apoyo familiar y la adherencia al tratamiento en adultos con hipertensión arterial.
Metodología: Estudio correlacional de corte transversal. Se tomó una muestra de 300 personas con hipertensión arterial que completaron la Escala apoyo familiar para personas mayores (FSS) y el cuestionario Adherencia al tratamiento para pacientes con hipertensión (TAQPH). Los datos se clasificaron en dos categorías: apoyo familiar (bajo, medio y alto) y Adherencia al tratamiento (Adherentes y no adherentes) y fueron analizados calculando el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se evaluó la fuerza de asociación a través del test Cramer's V.
Resultados: De los 300 participantes, el 61,7% fueron mayores de 60 años. El 69% fueron mujeres. El apoyo familiar se asoció significa y positivamente con la adherencia al tratamiento (rho =0.416 p= <0,001). El tamaño de la fuerza de asociación fue mediano.
Conclusiones: Los resultados, apoyan la hipótesis: a mayor apoyo familiar mayor adherencia al tratamiento en adultos con HTA. Se necesitan investigaciones para probar la eficacia de las intervenciones centradas en el apoyo familiar para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento
Evaluación del rendimiento de redes inalámbricas de conformidad con IEEE 802.11g/n- en diferentes escenarios de interferencia: Downlink
No full textIn this study, the performance of IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless networks was investigated under different interference scenarios. Quality of service metrics include throughput, delay, delay variability, and packet loss rate. Experiments conducted in intra-apartment environments began with co-channel interference, with all devices connected on the same channel. Each device then broadcasts on a different channel, thereby minimizing interference. Intrusive traffic in the protocol was used for precise metrics measurements. Results indicate that performance varies depending on the standard and channel configuration. Overall, IEEE 802.11n offers superior performance, although it is more susceptible to interference compared to IEEE 802.11g. Transmission efficiency suffers significantly in the presence of co-channel interference, with throughput losses reaching up to 35% in specific scenarios. This study underscores the importance of proper channel planning to maximize throughput and mitigate the adverse effects of interference.En este estudio, se investigó el rendimiento de las redes inalámbricas IEEE 802.11g e IEEE 802.11n en diferentes escenarios de interferencia. Las métricas de calidad de servicio incluyen el rendimiento, el retraso o la variabilidad del retraso y la tasa de paquetes perdidos. Los experimentos realizados en entornos de intraapartamento comenzaron con interferencia cocanal, con todos los dispositivos conectados en el mismo canal. A continuación, cada uno emitido en un canal diferente, minimizando así la interferencia. El tráfico intrusivo en el protocolo se utilizó para mediciones precisas de las métricas. Los resultados indican que el rendimiento varía según el estándar y la configuración del canal. En términos generales, IEEE 802.11n ofrece un rendimiento superior, aunque es más susceptible a las interferencias en comparación con IEEE 802.11g. La eficiencia de la transmisión se ve afectada de manera significativa en presencia de interferencia cocanal, con pérdidas de rendimiento que pueden alcanzar hasta un 35 % en ciertos escenarios. Este estudio subraya la importancia de una planificación adecuada de los canales para maximizar el rendimiento y mitigar los efectos negativos de la interferencia
Estrategias didácticas para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en educación secundaria: un análisis sistemático
No full textThis article examines various didactic strategies aimed at strengthening critical thinking in secondary school
students, highlighting their role in the development of complex cognitive competencies, reflective capacity and
logical reasoning. The research was carried out using a qualitative methodology based on a systematic
bibliographic review, guided by the PRISMA protocol. Recent publications (2019–2024) from recognized academic
databases such as Scielo, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Dialnet were reviewed. The studies analysed show the
positive impact of pedagogical approaches such as educational video games, critical analysis of advertising
content and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the promotion of critical thinking. The findings indicate that active
and collaborative strategies, especially those that combine digital tools with traditional methods, are particularly
effective in stimulating reflection, informed debate and coherent argumentation. Likewise, the central role of the
quality of interactions between students is highlighted as a key factor in consolidating this type of thinking.Este artículo examina diversas estrategias didácticas orientadas al fortalecimiento del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de nivel secundario, resaltando su papel en el desarrollo de competencias cognitivas complejas, capacidad reflexiva y razonamiento lógico. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante una metodología cualitativa sustentada en una revisión bibliográfica sistemática, guiada por el protocolo PRISMA. Se revisaron publicaciones recientes (2019–2024) provenientes de bases de datos académicas reconocidas como Scielo, SCOPUS, Google Académico y Dialnet. Los estudios analizados evidencian el impacto positivo de enfoques pedagógicos como los videojuegos educativos, el análisis crítico de contenidos publicitarios y el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) en la promoción del pensamiento crítico. Los hallazgos indican que las estrategias activas y colaborativas, especialmente aquellas que combinan herramientas digitales con métodos tradicionales, resultan especialmente efectivas para estimular la reflexión, el debate fundamentado y la argumentación coherente. Asimismo, se destaca el papel central de la calidad de las interacciones entre los estudiantes como un factor clave para consolidar este tipo de pensamiento.
Procrastinación en estudiantes universitarios de cuarto nivel y su impacto en la calidad del aprendizaje
No full textProcrastination among university students is a highly relevant phenomenon in the academic field, as it has significant repercussions on both performance and learning excellence. The purpose of this study is to determine how procrastination affects fourth-level university students and the quality of their learning, using a university in Guayaquil, Ecuador, as a case study during the year 2023. To this end, a quantitative approach with a non-empirical causal correlational design was used, randomly selecting 100 participating students. The results obtained reveal that the tendency to postpone academic activities is directly related to the quality of learning. In this sense, a significant negative correlation was identified between self-perception of skills and the quality of learning (β = -0.576, p = 0.000), as well as a negative correlation between self-discipline and willingness to learn (β = -0.500, p < 0.000). In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of exploring and implementing programs aimed at improving time management, with the goal of strengthening self-discipline and self-perception of skills. This will enhance educational quality in the university setting, promote stronger academic engagement, and, at the same time, reduce levels of procrastination among students.La procrastinación entre los estudiantes universitarios se presenta como un fenómeno de gran relevancia en el ámbito académico, ya que tiene repercusiones significativas tanto en el desempeño como en la excelencia del aprendizaje. El presente estudio tiene como propósito determinar de qué manera la procrastinación incide en los alumnos universitarios de cuarto nivel y en la calidad de su aprendizaje, tomando como caso de análisis una universidad de Guayaquil, Ecuador, durante el año 2023. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño correlacional causal no empírico, seleccionando aleatoriamente a 100 estudiantes participantes. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la tendencia a postergar actividades académicas mantiene una relación directa con la calidad del aprendizaje. En este sentido, se identificó una correlación negativa significativa entre la autopercepción de habilidades y la calidad del aprendizaje (β = -0.576, p = 0.000), así como una correlación negativa entre la autodisciplina y la disposición para el aprendizaje (β = -0.500, p < 0.000). En conclusión, los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de explorar e implementar programas orientados a mejorar la gestión del tiempo, con el objetivo de fortalecer la autodisciplina y la autopercepción de habilidades. De esta manera, se busca potenciar la calidad educativa en el entorno universitario, promover un compromiso académico más sólido y, al mismo tiempo, reducir los niveles de procrastinación entre los estudiantes
Validación de un instrumento de diagnóstico sobre los prerrequisitos de la asignatura de dibujo técnico en educación superior
No full textThe importance of prerequisites—that is, essential prior knowledge—in the constructivist approach lies in that they constitute the foundation upon which new learning is built. However, in the context of technical drawing in higher education, this process is limited by the lack of these prior competencies, which hinders both the approach to related subjects and the development of specialized skills. Given this situation, this research aimed to validate a diagnostic instrument designed to assess the necessary prerequisites in the subject of technical drawing. To this end, a methodology was adopted that integrated a deductive and mixed approach, with a descriptive-explanatory scope and a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The Delphi method was also used for expert selection and the Lawshe model to ensure the instrument's content validity. Among the main results, the identification of 35 prerequisites, classified as fundamental and attitudinal, stands out, as well as the development of the "Technical Drawing Prerequisites Questionnaire for Higher Education," composed of 30 items distributed across three dimensions: conceptual, procedural, and attitudinal. The statistical validation of the instrument yielded solid results, with a correlation of 0.9, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93, and a Kappa index of 1. Ultimately, this instrument is presented as a key tool for diagnosing training gaps, allowing educational institutions to implement effective remediation strategies that contribute to strengthening the teaching-learning process in this technical discipline.La importancia de los prerrequisitos -es decir, los conocimientos previos esenciales- en el enfoque constructivista radica en que constituyen la base sobre la cual se construyen nuevos aprendizajes. Sin embargo, en el contexto del dibujo técnico en la educación superior, este proceso se ve limitado por la falta de dichas competencias previas, lo que dificulta tanto el abordaje de asignaturas relacionadas como el desarrollo de habilidades especializadas. Ante esta situación, la presente investigación se propuso validar un instrumento diagnóstico diseñado para evaluar los prerrequisitos necesarios en la asignatura de dibujo técnico. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología que integró un enfoque deductivo y mixto, con un alcance descriptivo-explicativo y un diseño transversal no experimental. Asimismo, se empleó el método Delphi para la selección de expertos y el modelo Lawshe para asegurar la validez de contenido del instrumento. Entre los principales resultados, se destaca la identificación de 35 prerrequisitos, clasificados en fundamentales y actitudinales, así como la elaboración del "Cuestionario de Prerrequisitos de Dibujo Técnico para Educación Superior", compuesto por 30 ítems distribuidos en tres dimensiones: conceptual, procedimental y actitudinal. La validación estadística del instrumento arrojó resultados sólidos, con una correlación de 0,9, un alfa de Cronbach de 0,93 y un índice Kappa de 1. En definitiva, este instrumento se presenta como una herramienta clave para diagnosticar brechas formativas, permitiendo a las instituciones educativas implementar estrategias de nivelación efectivas que contribuyan a fortalecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en esta disciplina técnica
Control interno y aseguramiento de los servicios en una empresa peruana de desarrollo tecnológico
No full textThe purpose of this research was to analyze the incidence of internal control in the assurance of services in a Peruvian technological development company. It responds to a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational design. The population consisted of 15 workers who worked in “TBI Asesoría Informática EIRL”, selected by means of a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire composed of 20 questions was used: from 1 to 9 (variable: internal control) and from 11 to 20 (variable: service assurance). The instrument was validated by expert judgment; likewise, the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test yielded an internal consistency of 0.911, demonstrating high reliability. SPSS V.29 specialized software was used for the statistical analysis. The results indicate that 86.6 % evaluated internal control as fair or poor, and 100 % indicated that the company never or almost never keeps systematized records of its projects. In addition, 80% indicated that the evaluation of the internal control structure does not receive adequate attention. A significant positive correlation was found between internal control and service assurance (r = 0.652, p = 0.008), as well as with technology project management (r = 0.694, p = 0.004). It was concluded that internal control, applied strategically, correlates positively with service assurance. In addition, strengthening internal control drives continuous improvement, sustainability, organizational resilience and the operational quality of the organization.El objeto de esta investigación fue analizar la incidencia del control interno en el aseguramiento de los servicios en una empresa peruana de desarrollo tecnológico. Responde a un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por 15 trabajadores que laboraron en TBI Asesoría Informática EIRL, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado compuesto por 20 preguntas: de la 1 a la 9 (variable: control interno) y de la 11 a la 20 (variable: aseguramiento de los servicios). El instrumento fue validado mediante juicio de expertos; asimismo, la prueba de fiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach arrojó una consistencia interna de 0.911, demostrando una alta confiabilidad. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software especializado SPSS V.29. Los resultados indican que el 86,6 % evaluó el control interno como regular o malo, y el 100 % indicó que la empresa nunca o casi nunca mantiene registros sistematizados de sus proyectos. Además, un 80 % señaló que la evaluación de la estructura del control interno no recibe atención adecuada. Se halló una correlación positiva significativa entre el control interno y el aseguramiento de los servicios (r = 0,652; p = 0,008), así como con la gestión de proyectos tecnológicos (r = 0,694; p = 0,004). Se concluyó que el control interno, aplicado estratégicamente, se correlaciona positivamente con el aseguramiento de los servicios. Además, el fortalecimiento del control interno impulsa la mejora continua, la sostenibilidad, la resiliencia organizacional y la calidad operativa de la organización