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Estimation of specific surface area and higher heating value of biochar and activated carbon produced by pyrolysis and physico-chemically assisted pyrolysis of biomass using an artificial neural network (ANN)
No full textThe physical and chemical activation of biomass prior to pyrolysis significantly affects the properties of the activated carbon produced. In this study, raw tea waste (TW) and hazelnut shells (HS) were used to produce biochar and activated carbon samples by pyrolysis at different pyrolysis temperatures with and without chemical and physical activation. Subsequently, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed based on the pyrolysis conditions, proximate and elemental analyses of the biomass feedstocks and the obtained biochar and activated carbon to predict the higher heating value (HHV) and specific surface area (SSA) of the biochar. For this purpose, machine learning algorithms such as ANN, Gaussian process regression (GPR), regression trees (RT), and support vector machines (SVM) were compared to find the best-performing algorithm for the prediction of HHV and SSA of biochar. Algorithms based on ANNs performed better than SVM, RT, and GPR models, with higher regressions and lower prediction errors. The resilient backpropagation (RProp) algorithm proved to be the most suitable training algorithm as it provided satisfactory results with a low percentage of mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The ANN models showed moderate to strong performance in the tests, with correlation coefficient (R) values of 0.82 and 0.95, coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.67 and 0.90, and low MAE and MSE, indicating reasonable prediction accuracy for HHV and SSA of the biochar. The energy efficiency of biochar produced with conventional pyrolysis ranged from 9.84% to 21.13%, while the energy efficiency of activated carbon ranged from 45.26% to 67.21%, with the maximum reached at 300 degrees C. Based on the results of the thermodynamic analysis, it was found that the energy and exergy yields of the biochar and activated carbon produced depend on the activation conditions and temperature.Sivas Cumhuriyet University; [M-2021-825]; [M-2023-847]The study was financed by Sivas Cumhuriyet University Research Funding with projects numbered M-2021-825 and M-2023-847. This paper is the result of the Master of Science (MS) thesis study of the first author
Alzheimer's Disease Drug Design by Synthesis, Characterization, Enzyme Inhibition, In Silico, SAR Analysis and MM-GBSA Analysis of Schiff Bases Derivatives
No full textSchiff bases, azomethine group containing compounds, form a significant class in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry with biologic applications. In this study, two new Schiff base molecules (7 and 9) were synthesized from the condensation reaction of 1-amino-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)-4-p-tolylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (Z1) with 3-chlorobenzaldehyde and 3-fluorobenzaldehydes in good yields (76-75%). The synthesized Schiff bases were completely characterized by IR, NMR and LC-MS. Moreover, both synthesized compounds were evaluated against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as two important targets in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Approximately, both new compounds were more potent than positive control tacrine against these studied enzymes. Cholinesterase enzyme inhibition is a widely used treatment approach for a variety of mental illnesses. Through the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which hydrolyzes acetylcholine, cholinesterase inhibitors directly improve cholinergic transmission. Using the SAR (structure-activity relationship) approach to connect different functional groups, the influence of this synthesized molecule on the activity was examined. The investigated compounds were then structurally characterized at the levels of B3LYP, HF, and M062X/6-31+G(d,p). Using maps of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), the active sites of the compounds under study were identified. In the end, our focus was on evaluating the drug's potential as an inhibitor against the Alzheimer's disease, specifically targeting the Alzheimer's disease protein, that are Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (PDB ID: 1OCE, 1QTI, and 4M0E) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (PDB ID: 6R6V and 2WSL). The binding free energy is computed using MM/GBSA techniques. ADME/T characteristics were investigated to see whether these compounds could be potential drugs.Sivas Cumhuriyet niversitesi [RGD-020]; Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) [FYL-2020-10303]; Erciyes University Research FundThe numerical calculations reported in this paper were fully/partially performed at TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TRUBA resources). This work was supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) under the project number RGD-020 and Erciyes University Research Fund (FYL-2020-10303)
The Development of the insurance sector in turkey and a study on insurance customers' awareness: The Case of Sivas
No full textTFinansal piyasalarda önemi büyük olan sigorta sektörü, modern ekonomilerin ve toplumların sürdürülebilirliği açısından da hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Bu sektör, bireylerin ve işletmelerin karşılaşabileceği çeşitli finansal risklere karşı koruma sağlayarak, genel ekonomik istikrarı ve güvenliği destekler. Sigorta, bireylerin ve şirketlerin olası zararlardan korunmasını sağlarken, aynı zamanda toplumsal refahı ve ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik eder. Türkiye'de sigorta sektörü, ciddi bir potansiyele sahiptir. Türkiye'de sigortacılık sektörü gelişmekle birlikte, bu gelişimin hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleşmediği söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla bu tez çalışmasında, sigortacılık sektörünün gelişiminde en etkili faktörlerden olan sigorta bilincinin, Sivas İlinde ne düzeyde olduğunu ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için dijital kanallar üzerinden yapılacak anket ile bir alan araştırması yürütülmüştür. Analiz bulgularına göre, Sivas ilinde deprem sigortası hakkında anket katılımcısı olan 409 kişiden 361'sinin kısmi bilgiye/bilgiye sahip olduğu görülmekte olup bu sayı konut sigortasında daha azdır. Deprem poliçesi yaptıran kişi sayısı 251 iken konut sigortası yaptıran kişi sayısı 124'tür. Sivas ilinde deprem ve konut sigortası yaptıran kişilerin poliçelerini, sigortanın önemini bilerek kendi isteği ile yaptırdıkları görülmektedir. Sivas ilinde sigorta farkındalığının olduğu, ancak sigorta yaptıran sayısının istenen seviyeye ulaşmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.The insurance sector, which has great importance in financial markets, is also of vital importance for the sustainability of modern economies and societies. This sector supports economic stability and security by providing protection against various financial risks that individuals and businesses may face. Insurance not only ensures individuals and companies are protected from potential damages, but also promotes social welfare and economic growth. In Turkey, the insurance sector has significant potential. Although the insurance sector in Turkey is developing, it can be said that this development is not happening rapidly. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis study is to reveal the level of insurance awareness in the city of Sivas, which is one of the most effective factors in the development of the insurance sector. For this purpose, field research was conducted through a survey conducted via digital channels. According to the analysis findings, out of 409 survey participants in Sivas, 361 have partial knowledge or knowledge about earthquake insurance, while this number is lower for home insurance. The number of people who have earthquake insurance policies is 251, while this number is 124 for home insurance. It has been observed that individuals who have earthquake and home insurance policies in Sivas have obtained their policies knowingly and voluntarily, understanding the importance of insurance. It is understood that there is awareness of insurance in Sivas, but the number of people purchasing insurance has not reached a sufficient level
Scaling Basic Reasons Directing Individuals Who do Sports to Sports Participation with Thurstone's Paired Comparison Method
No full textBu araştırmada spor yapan bireyleri spora katılmaya yönlendiren temel nedenlerin Thurstone'un ikili karşılaştırmalara dayalı ölçekleme yöntemi ile ölçeklenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu çeşitli branşlarda spor yapan 143'ü erkek ve 62'si kadın olmak üzere toplam 205 sporcu (X̄yaş = 20.47±3.47) oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı kişisel bilgi formu ve araştırmacı tarafından literatürde yer alan spora katılmaya yönlendiren 8 temel nedene (saygınlık kazanmak, başarıyı deneyimlemek, fiziksel zindeliği artırmak, eğlenmek, yarışmak/rekabet etmek, hareketli/aktif olmak, beceri öğrenmek/geliştirmek, arkadaş edinmek) dayalı olarak hazırlanan "Spora Katılım Nedenleri Formu" kullanılmıştır. Spora katılım nedenleri formunda her bir katılım nedeninin diğer katılım nedenleriyle önem açısından ikişerli olarak karşılaştırılmasını sağlayan 28 soru yer almaktadır. Ölçekleme, Thurstone'un karşılaştırmalı yargılar kanununun III. Hal denklemi kullanılarak tam veri matrisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre spora katılım açısından en önemli neden başarıyı deneyimlemek olarak görülmüştür. Bunu sırası ile beceri öğrenmek/geliştirmek, fiziksel zindeliği artırmak, yarışmak/rekabet etmek, saygınlık kazanmak, hareketli/aktif olmak, eğlenmek ve arkadaş edinmek takip etmiştir.The aim of the study was to scale with Thurstone's the paired comparison of the basic reasons directing individuals who do sports to participate in sports. The study group consisted of a total of 205 athletes (X̄age = 20.47±3.47), 143 male and 62 female, who play sports in various branches. Personal information and form of reasons for participation in sports were used for data collection tool. The form of reasons for participation in sports designed by reseachers based on eight basic reasons (to gain respect, to experience success, improve fitness, to enjoy, to compete, be active, to learn/improve skill, make friends) in the literature. In this form, there are twenty-eight questions that enable each reason for participation to be compared in paired with other reasons for participation in terms of importance. The data was scaled by the third case equation on of Thurstone's law of comparative judgment. The results of the study indicated that the most significant sport participation reason was to experience success. This is followed by decrease of to learn/improve skill, to improve fitness, to compete, to gain respect, be active, to enjoy and make friends
Acyclovir provides protection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through the kynurenine pathway
No full textParkinson's disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. The kynurenine pathway associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation is recognized to contribute to its pathophysiology, although the exact mechanism is not fully elucidated. In neuroinflammation, IDO-1 catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to neurotoxic QUIN through the kynurenine pathway. Consequently, QUIN increases oxidative stress via nNOS and NMDA, which causes neurodegeneration. Few studies have reported on the effect of different antiviral drugs in Parkinson's disease; the exact mechanism is still unknown. The antiviral acyclovir has been shown to have neuroprotective properties and can cross the blood-brain barrier. We examined acyclovir's effects and potential mechanisms in the 6-OHDA-induced in vitro model of Parkinson's disease in SHSY5Y cells using biochemical, immunocytochemical, and in silico methods. MTT assay demonstrated that acyclovir significantly decreased cell mortality induced by the neurotoxic 6-OHDA at dosages of 3.2 mu M, 6.4 mu M, 12.8 mu M, 25.6 mu M, and 51.2 mu M. In immunocytochemical analysis, acyclovir treatment decreased alpha-synuclein and TNF-alpha expressions in cells. In biochemical analyses, while IL-17A and TOS levels decreased depending on varying doses (1.6 mu M, 3.2 mu M, 6.4 mu M, 12.8 mu M), TAC levels increased. Using in silico analyses to investigate the mechanism showed that acyclovir docked with TNF-alpha, IL-17A, IDO-1, nNOS, alpha-synuclein, and NMDA. The findings demonstrated that acyclovir had neuroprotective effects by modulating the kynurenine pathway and decreasing neurodegeneration via QUIN inhibition in an in vitro Parkinson's disease model. Although th
Determination of antioxidant activities of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) fruits grown in Sivas province
No full textRosa canina L., belonging to the Rosaceae family, is the most common Rosa species found in Türkiye. Known commonly as rosehip, it is widely used in various traditional medicines. This study investigates the antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) fruit samples naturally grown in Sivas. Using DPPH and ABTS assays, we measured the antioxidant capacities of the samples and compared results based on the solvents. Findings show that the ethanol extract exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 value of 13.28 ± 1.3 μg/mL in the DPPH assay and 24.98 ± 5.3 μg/mL in the ABTS assay, compared to the water extract with IC50 values of 18.099 ± 2.4 μg/mL and 38.47 ± 6.1 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that rosehip fruits could serve as effective sources for antioxidant-rich pharmaceutical products, with ethanol extracts demonstrating a stronger antioxidant effect than water extracts. © 2025, Istanbul Medipol University. All rights reserved
Eighth Grade Students' Metaphorical Perceptions of Ordered Pair and Variable Concepts
No full textIn this study, it was aimed to determine the metaphorical perceptions of eighth grade students regarding the concepts of ordered pair and variable, and to examine the changes in these perceptions according to gender and socioeconomic status. “Phenomenology” design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used as the research model. The sample of the study consists of 400 eighth grade students studying in four public secondary schools of a province in the Black Sea Region in the 2021-2022 academic year and selected by maximum variation sampling method. Metaphoric Perception Form (MPF) was used as a data collection tool. Content analysis was used to analyze the student metaphors related to the concepts. Chi-Square test was used to examine the change of the developed metaphors according to gender and socioeconomic status. According to the findings of the study, the metaphors related to the concept of ordered pair were grouped under 17 conceptual categories and the metaphors of friend, buddy, sibling, school desk, twins, pattern and close friends were mostly used. The metaphors related to the concept of variable were grouped under 10 conceptual categories and the most common metaphors were human, emotion, chameleon, dollar, weather forecast, life, decision and foreigner. While female students developed more metaphors than male students regarding the concepts of ordered pair and variable, male students used more metaphor drawings than female students. For these concepts, secondary schools with high socioeconomic status developed more metaphors than secondary schools with low socioeconomic status.[No abstract available
The pharmacokinetics of sulpiride and its effect on sexual behaviours and LH concentrations in anestrous does (Capra hircus)
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of sulpiride and its effect on sexual behaviours and LH concentrations in anestrous does (Capra hircus). This study was carried out in two stages: pharmacokinetics (stage I) and effect on LH pulsatility, concentration, and estrus display (stage II). In the stage I, sulpiride was administered via intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and oral routes to does at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg. In the stage II, sulpiride was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days. Plasma concentrations of sulpiride were measured using HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. LH concentrations were quantified using ELISA. The terminal elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and total body clearance of sulpiride following IV administration were 1.76 h, 0.38 L/kg, and 0.15 L/h/kg, respectively. The peak plasma concentration of IM and SC administration was 1.39 and 0.83 mu g/mL at 0.53 and 0.78 h, respectively. The bioavailability of sulpiride was 103.30 % for the IM route and 72.21 % for the SC route. Sulpiride showed erratic and low absorption after oral administration. While LH concentrations decreased significantly after sulpiride administration, the LH plus frequency increased significantly. In conclusion, sulpiride with distinctive effect on LH pulse frequency has the potential to be used in protocols for hastening cyclicity. However, more studies are needed on the use of sulpiride in estrus induction protocols.Coordination of Scientific Research Projects, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Turkiye [20.M.047]We would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli, who lost his life in the earthquake that occurred in Hatay/Tuerkiye on February 6, 2023, for his contributions in the experimental phase of the study. We remember him and his daughters Nefes and Eylul with respect. This study was supported by The Coordination of Scientific Research Projects, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Turkiye (Project No. 20.M.047)
YEME FARKINDALIĞI NEDİR?: BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME
No full textIn order to ensure that eating behaviors are healthy, more studies are carried out in order to increase eating awareness. Eating awareness can be used together with other known healthy eating behavior techniques. It is thought that eating awareness may be important in the treatment or prevention of obesity and eating disorders. In this review, literature information about the concept of eating awareness and its effect on obesity and eating disorders will be presented.Yeme davranışlarının sağlıklı olmasını sağlamak için yeme farkındalığının arttırılmasının önemi ile ilgili günümüzde daha fazla çalışma yapılmaktadır. Yeme farkındalığı bilinen diğer sağlıklı yeme davranışı oluşturma teknikleri ile birlikte kullanılabilmektedir. Yeme farkındalığının, obezitede ve yeme bozukluklarının tedavisinde ya da önlenmesinde önemli olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, yeme farkındalığı kavramı ve bu kavramın obezite ve yeme bozuklukları üzerindeki etkisi hakkında literatür bilgileri sunulacaktır
Examining the visuals in 9th grade chemistry textbooks in terms of content and achievements in terms of the tripartite nature of chemistry: 2018 and 2024 curriculums
No full textBu çalışmada Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'nın 2018 ve 2024 müfredatına göre hazırlanmış 9. sınıf kimya ders kitaplarındaki görseller, kimyanın üçlü doğasının aktarılma şekli ders kitapları kendi içinde ve birbirleri ile kıyaslanarak incelenmiştir. Değişen müfredat ile birlikte ders kitaplarındaki görsellerin kimyasal gösterimleri yansıtma biçimindeki değişim ve niteliği hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sorusuna cevap bulmak için nitel araştırma desenlerinden bütüncül tek durum araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada amaçlı örneklem tekniği kullanılarak, 2018 müfredatına göre hazırlanan 9. sınıf MEB ortaöğretim kimya, 9. sınıf fen lisesi kimya kitabı; 2024 müfredatına göre hazırlanan 9. sınıf MEB ortaöğretim kimya ders kitabı incelemeye alınmıştır. Kimya kitapları içerisindeki görseller Gkitzia, Salta ve Tzougraki (2011) tarafından geliştirilen ölçek ve Demircan ve Demirdoğan (2019) 'ın uyarlanmış ölçeğinden ölçüt alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 2018 müfredatına göre hazırlanan 9. sınıf kimya ders kitaplarında makroskobik düzeydeki görsellerin diğer düzeylere oranla daha fazla kullanıldığını, farklı kullanımlar açısından ise çoklu, hibrit, karma gösterimlerin çok az oranda yer aldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca içerik ve kazanımlar ile çelişki oluşturduğu düşünülen görseller olduğu, görsel yer almayan kazanımlar olduğu, görsellerin metinlerle genelde kısmen ilişkili olduğu ve bazı gösterimlerde betimleme eksiklikleri bulunduğu, problemli başlık sayısının da oldukça fazla olduğu, çoklu gösterimler arasında yeterince bağlantılar kurulmadığı görülmüştür. 2024 yılı MEB 9. sınıf ortaöğretim kimya kitabında sembolik ve alt-mikroskobik görsellerin kullanım oranının ve farklı kullanımlarda çoklu, hibrit, karma gösterimlerin sayısının arttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca görsellerde tutarsızlıkların yer almadığı, görsellerin metinlerle genelde kısmen ilişkili olduğu, betimlemeye ihtiyacı olduğu düşünülen görsellerin sayısında azalma olduğu, problemli başlık sayısında azalma olduğu, çoklu gösterimlerin sayısında artma olsa da yeterince bağlantılar kurulmadığı görülmüştür.In this study, the visuals in the 9th grade chemistry textbooks prepared according to the 2018 and 2024 curricula of the Ministry of National Education and the way the triple nature of chemistry is conveyed were examined by comparing the textbooks within themselves and with each other. With the changing curriculum, evaluations were made about the change in the way the visuals in the textbooks reflect chemical representations and their quality. In order to find an answer to the research question, a holistic single case research design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. In the study, by using the purposive sampling technique, the 9th grade MEB secondary school chemistry book prepared according to the 2018 curriculum, the 9th grade science high school chemistry book; and the 9th grade MEB secondary school chemistry textbook prepared according to the 2024 curriculum were examined. The visuals in the chemistry books were analyzed by taking the scale developed by Gkitzia, Salta, and Tzougraki (2011) and the adapted scale of Demircan and Demirdoğan (2019). As a result of the study, it was seen that macroscopic level visuals were used more than other levels in 9th grade chemistry textbooks prepared according to the 2018 curriculum, and multiple, hybrid, and mixed representations were very few in terms of different uses. In addition, it was seen that there were visuals that were thought to contradict the content and achievements, there were achievements that did not include visuals, the visuals were generally partially related to the texts and there were deficiencies in description in some representations, the number of problematic headings was also quite high, and sufficient connections were not established between multiple representations. It was seen that the use rate of symbolic and sub-microscopic visuals and the number of multiple, hybrid, and mixed representations in different uses increased in the 2024 MEB 9th grade secondary education chemistry book. It was also seen that there were no inconsistencies in the visuals, the visuals were generally partially related to the texts, the number of visuals thought to need description decreased, the number of problematic headings decreased, and although there was an increase in the number of multiple representations, sufficient connections were not established