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Spor Bilimleri Fakültesini Kazanan Öğrencilerin Spora Bakış Açılarını Çeşitli Parametreler ile Anlamak
No full textBu çalışma, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesini kazanan öğrencilerin spora bakış açılarını çeşitli parametrelerle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desen kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma grubunu, Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi başta olmak üzere çeşitli üniversitelerden gelen 15 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar, spor yapmayı tercih eden bireylerden seçilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler, öğrencilerin spora bakış açılarını, sporun kültürel, sosyal ve zihinsel sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini anlamayı hedeflemiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, spor deneyimlerinin, kültürel yapının, cinsiyetin, sosyo-ekonomik durumun ve sağlık bilincinin, öğrencilerin spora yönelik tutumlarını şekillendirdiğini göstermektedir. Öğrenciler, geçmiş spor deneyimlerinin, sporun sağlık, sosyal etkileşim ve kişisel gelişim üzerindeki faydalarını daha iyi anlamalarına yardımcı olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca, kadın sporcuların spor alanındaki temsili ve karşılaştıkları zorluklar, spor politikalarının ve toplumun tutumlarının gözden geçirilmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Katılımcılar, sporun stres yönetimi, özgüven artırma ve sosyal etkileşim sağlama gibi olumlu etkilerini vurgulamışlardır. Araştırma, yerel ve ulusal spor kültürü arasındaki farkların, spor politikalarının yeniden değerlendirilmesini gerektirdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, eğitim kurumları ve spor politikalarının, sporun toplumsal etkilerini artırarak daha fazla kişiyi spor yapmaya teşvik etmeleri gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.[No abstract available
Development and characterisation of silver surface coatings for titanium implant applications
No full textGünümüzde uygulama alanı ve buna bağlı olarak önemi gittikçe artan ve artık bir zorunluluk haline gelmiş olan biyomalzemelerin modifikasyonları büyük ilgi görmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Ti ve alaşımları yüksek mekanik özellikleri, yüksek korozyon direnci ve biyouyumlu olamaları sebebiyle dental implant uygulamaları için en iyi malzemelerden biridir. Yine yeni nesil diş kaplamaları ortaya çıkmadan önce diş kaplaması olarak kullanılan Ag metalninin özellikle iyonlarının bakteriyi yok edici etkisinin olduğu ve güçlü bir inhibitör (hastalığın yayılmasını önlemede etkin rol sağlayan parametre) olarak kullanıldığı uzun zamandır bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada diş implantı uygulamalarında kullanılan Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 23) yüzeyi üzerinde farklı kalınlıklarda biyouyumlu Ag kaplamalar geliştirilmesi ve bu kaplamaların kimyasal, fiziksel ve biyolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Geliştirilen kaplamalarda biyouyumlu bir element olduğu bilinen Ag metali, 3mm kalınlığında 12 mm çapında kesilmiş T(Grade 23) disklerin üzerine Elektroliz Yöntemi ile 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 mikrometre kalınlığında kaplanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında; farklı kalınlıklardaki Ag ile kaplanarak geliştirilen Ti implant materyali üzerindeki mikro yapı incelemelerinin SEM Analizi, mikrosertlik düzeylerinin Mikrosertlik Analizi ve Staphylococcus aureus antibakteriyel aktivitesinin Antibakteriyel Aktivite Testi incelendi ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanarak, geliştirilen Ag yüzey kaplamalı Ti implant materyalinin uygulanabilirliği tartışıldı. Ag kaplamanın kalınlığı arttıkça mikrosertliğin olumsuz etkilendiği ancak Antibakteriyel aktivitenin arttığı sonucuna varıldı.Nowadays, modifications of biomaterials, which have become a necessity, have attracted great interest. In this direction, Ti and its alloys are one of the best materials for dental implant applications due to their high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. It has long been known that Ag metal, which was used as a dental coating before the emergence of new generation dental coatings, has a bactericidal effect, especially its ions, and has been used as a strong inhibitor (a parameter that plays an active role in preventing the spread of disease). In this study, it was aimed to develop biocompatible Ag coatings of different thicknesses on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 23) used in dental implant applications and to investigate the chemical, physical and biological properties of these coatings. In the developed coatings, Ag metal, which is known to be a biocompatible element, was coated with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 micrometers thickness by Electrolysis Method on T (Grade 23) disks cut with a thickness of 3 mm and a diameter of 12 mm. Within the scope of the study; SEM Analysis of microstructure examinations, Microhardness Analysis of microhardness levels and Antibacterial Activity Test of Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial activity on Ti implant material developed by coating with Ag at different thicknesses were examined and the results obtained were interpreted and the applicability of the developed Ag surface coated Ti implant material was discussed. It was concluded that as the thickness of the Ag coating increases, the microhardness is negatively affected but the antibacterial activity increases
A Multi-Criteria Forest Fire Danger Assessment System on GIS Using Literature-Based Model and Analytical Hierarchy Process Model for Mediterranean Coast of Manavgat, Türkiye
No full textForest fires pose significant environmental and economic risks, particularly in fire-prone regions like the Mediterranean coast of T & uuml;rkiye. This study presents a comprehensive Forest Fire Danger Assessment System (FoFiDAS), by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a literature-based model, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and machine learning (ML) to improve forest fire danger classification. Both models integrate 13 key parameters identified through the literature. A comparison of these models revealed 53% overlap in fire danger classifications. While the AHP model, based on expert-weighted assessment, provided a more structured and localized classification, the literature-based model relied on broader scientific data but lacked adaptability. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between fire danger classifications and historical fire occurrences, with correlation scores of 0.927 (AHP) and 0.939 (literature-based). Further ROC analysis confirmed the predictive performance of both models, yielding AUC values of 0.91 and 0.9121 for the literature-based and AHP models, respectively. Five ML algorithms were used to validate classification performances, with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) achieving the highest accuracy (86.5%). The accuracy of the ANN algorithm exceeded 0.93 for each danger class, and the F1-Score was above 0.85. FoFiDAS offers a reliable tool for fire danger assessment, supporting early intervention and decision making
State Hospitals and Package Price Application in Target Costing Perspective: A Public Hospital Study
No full textBu çalışma, kamu hastanelerinde hedef maliyetleme yönteminin uygulanabilirliğini araştırmaktadır. Hedef maliyetleme, sağlık hizmetlerinde maliyet yönetimine hasta odaklı bir yaklaşım sunar. Bu yöntem, sunulan sağlık hizmetini, hastaların ihtiyaç ve beklentilerine göre belirlenen hedef maliyetle üretilmesini amaçlar. Bu kapsamda, hedef maliyetleme yöntemi uygulanarak hastanenin üretim maliyetleri ile Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’nun paket işlem fiyat ödemeleri arasındaki fark ortaya konulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, maliyet farklılıklarının nedenleri analiz edilmiş ve israf içeren hizmet grupları belirlenmiştir. Hesaplanan hedef maliyet endeksi ile bu hizmet grupları için iyileştirme önerileri sunulması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmada; içerik analizine tâbi tutulan görüşme verileri doğrultusunda oluşturulan hedef maliyet endeksi, muayene ve tedavi hizmetlerinin diğer hizmet kategorilerine kıyasla daha düşük bir maliyet düzeyine sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Öte yandan tahlil, tetkik ve ilaç/sarf hizmetlerine ait maliyetlerin ise hastaların bu hizmetlere atfettiği değere kıyasla daha yüksek bir maliyete sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle kolesistektomi ameliyatlarında, hastanenin elde ettiği gelirler, hizmet maliyetinin sadece yüzde 44’ünü karşılamaktadır. Bu durum, yüksek maliyetli hizmetlerde maliyet düşürme veya daha düşük maliyetli alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesi ihtiyacını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak hastanenin, hasta gözünde değer katmayan faaliyetleri azaltması, süreçlerdeki israfı yok etmesi ve daha etkin bir maliyet yönetimi uygulaması önerilmektedir.This study investigates the applicability of target costing method in public hospitals. Target costing provides a patient-centred approach to cost management in healthcare. It aims to deliver healthcare services at a target cost that is set according to the needs and expectations of patients. In this context, by applying the target costing method, the difference between the hospital's production costs and the Social Security Institution's bundled payment prices has been revealed. Based on the results obtained, the reasons for cost differences have been analyzed and service groups containing waste have been identified. With the calculated target cost index, it is aimed to provide improvement suggestions for the identified service groups. In the study, the target cost index created in line with the interview data subjected to content analysis revealed that examination and treatment services have a lower cost profile compared to other service categories. On the other hand, the costs of medical tests, examinations and drugs/consumables were found to have a higher cost profile compared to the value attributed to these services by patients. Especially in cholecystectomy operations, the revenues generated by the hospital cover only 44 percent of the service cost. This situation reveals the need for cost reduction or evaluation of lower-cost alternatives in high-cost services. As a result, it is recommended that the hospital should reduce activities that do not add value in the eyes of the patient, eliminate waste in processes and implement a more effective cost management
Edible Micro-Sized Composite Coating Applications on Post-Harvest Quality of Sweet Cherry Fruits
No full textActive packaging using an edible coating could be an essential and sustainable alternative solution to preserve the properties of fruits and to prevent food loss and food waste. Fruits generate significant food wastes and losses. Reducing food waste is a global priority. For this research, nature-based solutions (NBSs) were applied, using micro-sized chitosan (CsMPs) and selenium microparticles (SeMPs), which are green-synthesized from black tea leaf extracts, and thyme essential oil. In this study, the effects of the new generation active food preservative coating agents formed from combinations of micro-sized chitosan (CsMPs) and selenium (SeMPs), and thyme essential oil (Oil) on the quality of 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry fruits after harvest were investigated. After the fruits were coated with edible colloid solution, they were stored at 4 degrees C and 21 degrees C for 20 days, and quality parameter analyses were performed on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. As a result of this study, it was determined that the application of CsMPs + SeMPs and the subsequent application of CsMPs + SeMPs + Oil from colloid solution coatings reduced weight loss, respiration, and decay rates. Also, it was determined that these applications were the most effective in preserving color values (L*, chroma, and hue), fruit firmness, total soluble solid (TSS) amount, acidity content and total phenolics, anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity. These results show that CsMPs + SeMPs and CsMPs + SeMPs + Oil applications can be used as edible coatings to preserve the quality of sweet cherry fruits and extend their shelf life after harvest. This study's results will contribute to obtaining micro-sized composite coating agents/agents produced with new technology to extend the shelf life.Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Department; [FBA-2023-12370]This research was funded by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Department, grant number FBA-2023-12370
Psilocybin in the Treatment of Mental Disorders
No full textPsilosibin, klasik bir serotonerjik psikedelik madde olup, depresyon, anksiyete, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, yeme bozuklukları ve bağımlılık gibi ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde umut vaat etmektedir. Bu derleme, mevcut literatürü analiz ederek, psilosibinin terapötik etkilerini, olası mekanizmalarını ve klinik kullanımına dair etik ve yasal konuları ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, psilosibin destekli terapilerin gelecekteki klinik uygulamalarına ışık tutacak öneriler sunulmaktadır. Bu makale, psilosibinin potansiyelini anlamak ve ruh sağlığı alanında yeni tedavi stratejileri geliştirmek isteyen araştırmacılar ve klinisyenler için bir kaynak olmayı amaçlamaktadır.Psilocybin is a classic serotonergic psychedelic substance that has shown promise in the treatment of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and addiction. This review analyzes the current literature, addresses the therapeutic effects of psilocybin, its possible mechanisms, and ethical and legal issues regarding its clinical use. It also provides recommendations that will shed light on the future clinical applications of psilocybin-assisted therapies. This article aims to be a resource for researchers and clinicians who want to understand the potential of psilocybin and develop new treatment strategies in the field of mental health
Effects of dexpanthenol on 5-fluorouraci-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and intestinal mucositis in rats: a clinical, biochemical, and pathological study
No full textBackground5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a broad-spectrum drug that has a wide range of side effects. Patients may experience severe comorbidities as a result of these toxic side effects, making it impossible for them to continue chemotherapy. Despite the fact that various molecules have been experimented, there is no literature data on the efficacy of dexpanthenol (DXP) for mitigating the toxic effects of 5-FU.ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of DXP on nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and intestinal toxicity induced by 5-FU in rats.MethodsTwenty-eight male Wistar-Albino rats aged 16 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups. We created a rat model of intestinal mucositis, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity through intraperitoneal 5-FU (35 mg/kg for 4 d) injection. 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of DXP were administered to the treatment groups. The effects of dexpanthenol were evaluated clinically, biochemically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], 8-hydroxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and nuclear factor kappa B [NF-kappa B]).Results5-FU caused a decrease in body weight and food intake, and an increase in diarrhea scores in rats. 5-FU led to significant disruptions in the hepatic biochemical markers (aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), renal biochemical markers (blood urea nitrogen [BUN], creatinine, and uric acid), and protein and albumin, which are markers of both hepatic and renal functions. Severe pyknosis and mononuclear cell infiltrations were observed in the liver, and mononuclear cell infiltration and tubular degeneration in the kidneys. Jejunum and colon showed villous hyperemia and hemorrhage, respectively, along with mononuclear cell infiltration. Furthermore, 5-FU increased the immunohistochemical expressions of iNOS, COX-2, 8-OHdG, and NF-kappa B in the examined tissues. The administration of DXP at doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg demonstrated significant mitigation of the toxic effects induced by 5-FU on the liver, kidney, jejunum, and colon.ConclusionDXP showed protective effects against nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and intestinal toxicity caused by 5-FU. These findings suggest that DXP may serve as a potential therapeutic agent to alleviate the severe side effects of 5-FU chemotherapy, thereby improving patient tolerance and quality of life. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these results and explore the translational potential of DXP in human cancer therapy.Experimental Animals Application and Research CenterThis study's biochemical findings were presented at the Sivas Cumhuriyet University 4th International Cancer Days Congress (09.28-30.2023). Infrastructure facilities provided by the Experimental Animals Application and Research Center and the Medicine Research Center of our university were utilized in this research
Investigation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Effects of Polyanhydride-Based Poly[(maleic anhydride)-co-(vinyl Acetate)] Conjugates Combined with Methotrexate and Gemcitabine in Breast Cancer Treatment
No full textStudies aimed at increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and reducing or completely eliminating their side effects are frequently encountered. In our study, we considered methotrexate (MTX), which is in the category of anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory drugs, and gemcitabine (GEM), which is used in the treatment of breast, testicular, ovarian, etc. cancers. GEM, which is used in the treatment of breast, testicular, ovarian, etc. cancers, was covalently bonded to maleic anhydride vinyl acetate (MAVA) copolymer, and new polymer-drug conjugates (MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM) were obtained to reduce or eliminate the side effects of these drugs and to investigate the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of the new conjugates. The conjugation reaction was carried out in the presence of a triethylamine catalyst in dimethylformamide medium at 70 degrees C. Chemical structure elucidation of the copolymer (MAVA) and conjugates (MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM) was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Anticancer activity was determined by the MTT assay in MCF-7 (breast cancer), and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell lines. The synthesized copolymer and conjugate structures were proved by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra. It was determined that the conjugates did not form an inhibition zone on the test microorganisms. MIC values were found to be moderately effective compared with reference sources. The anticancer activities of MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM conjugates were significantly higher than those of methotrexate and GEM. The higher anticancer activity of the synthesized MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM conjugates compared with the drug they contain suggests that they can be a potential drug candidate in the treatment of breast cancer. In addition, the conjugates showed less toxic effect on a healthy L929 cell line at 6 different concentrations compared to free drugs. This can be shown as a significant improvement in reducing one of the most important side effects of the drug, such as toxicity.Sivas Cumhuriyet ?niversitesi [T-458]; CUBAPWe gratefully acknowledge the support of CUBAP (T-458) for the anticancer and antimicrobial activity assay of this research
Literary Criticism and Close Reading: Textual Analysis in the Modern Era
No full textEdebiyat teorisi, edebiyatın doğasının ve edebî analiz yöntemlerinin sistematik olarak incelenmesidir. 19. yüzyıldan bu yana edebiyat bilimi; edebiyat teorisi ve entelektüel tarih, ahlak felsefesi, sosyal felsefe ya da insanların anlamı nasıl yorumladığıyla ilgili disiplinler arası temaları içermektedir. Modern akademideki beşerî bilimlerde, edebiyat biliminin ikinci tarzı post-yapısalcılığın bir dalıdır. Bu kavram; kelime teorisi, bazıları göstergebilim, kültürel çalışmalar, dil felsefesi ve kıtasal felsefe dallarından beslenen metinleri okumaya yönelik bilimsel yaklaşımlar için bir şemsiye terim hâline gelmiştir. Yeni Eleştiri, edebî eserlere yazarın niyetleri ya da biyografik geçmişi üzerinden değil, yalnızca eserin içeriği ve yapısı üzerinden yaklaşır. Bu yaklaşım, eserin kendisini merkeze alarak, onun dilsel ve yapısal unsurlarına odaklanır. Ekolün önde gelen temsilcileri arasında W. K. Wimsatt, F. R. Leavis, John Crowe Ransom, Cleanth Brooks, Robert Penn Warren gibi isimleri gösterebiliriz. Yeni Eleştiri, 20. yüzyılın ortalarında Amerikan edebiyat eleştirisine egemen olan edebiyat teorisindeki biçimci bir harekettir. Bu hareket edebiyat eserinin kendi kendine yeten, kendine referans veren bir estetik nesne olarak nasıl işlev gördüğünü keşfetmek için özellikle şiirin yakından okunmasını vurgulamaktadır. Hareket adını John Crowe Ransom’un 1941 tarihli “The New Criticism” adlı kitabından almıştır. Makalede, edebî analizin modern dönemdeki yaklaşımlarını incelemek amacıyla “Yeni Eleştiri” ve “Yakın Okuma” metodolojilerinin birleşimi ele alınacaktır. Yeni eleştiri akımının öncülerinin en bilinen metinleri stilistik okuma yöntemiyle analiz edilip çözümlenecektir. Yeni eleştiri; metnin kendisine odaklanarak dışsal unsurları (yazarın biyografisi, tarihsel arka plan vb.) görmezden gelen bir eleştiri yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşım, metnin içsel tutarlılık ve yapısal özelliklerine odaklanarak derinlemesine analiz yapmayı amaçlar. “Yakın okuma” ise metni dikkatlice inceleyerek anlamın ayrıntılarını ve inceliklerini ortaya çıkarma yöntemidir. Metnin kendisi, anlamı oluşturan temel unsurları barındırır ve bu unsurların detaylı incelenmesiyle daha kapsamlı bir yorum elde edilebilir.Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and methods of literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary studies have encompassed interdisciplinary themes related to intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and the ways in which people interpret meaning. The second method of literary criticism within modern studies of Humanities is a branch of post-structuralism. This concept has become an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, drawing from disciplines such as word theory, semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy. New Criticism approaches literary works not through the author’s intentions or biographical background but solely through the content and structure of the work itself. In other words, this approach centers its analysis on the text itself, focusing on its linguistic and structural elements. Leading figures of this school include W. K. Wimsatt, F. R. Leavis, John Crowe Ransom, Cleanth Brooks, and Robert Penn Warren. New Criticism is a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the mid-20th century. This movement particularly emphasizes the close reading of poetry to explore how a literary work functions as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object. The movement takes its name from John Crowe Ransom’s 1941 book The New Criticism. This article examines the combination of “New Criticism” and “Close Reading” and how they apply to modern approaches to literary analysis. The article will analyze and interpret prominent texts of pioneers of New Criticism. The text contains the fundamental elements that construct meaning, and a more comprehensive interpretation can be achieved by thoroughly analyzing these elements. While New Criticism is a critical approach that focuses on the text itself, disregarding external factors such as the author’s biography or historical background, and aims to conduct in-depth analyses by concentrating on the text’s internal coherence and structural features; “Close reading,” is the method: the method of meticulously examining a text to uncover the details and subtleties of its meaning
Artificial intelligence as an automated essay scoring tool: A focus on ChatGPT
No full textThis study explores the effectiveness of using ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) language model, as an Automated Essay Scoring (AES) tool for grading English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' essays. The corpus consists of 50 essays representing various types including analysis, compare and contrast, descriptive, narrative, and opinion essays written by 10 EFL learners at the B2 level. Human raters and ChatGPT (4o mini version) scored the essays using the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) TASK 2 Writing band descriptors. Adopting a quantitative approach, the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman correlation tests were employed to compare the scores generated, revealing a significant difference between the two methods of scoring, with human raters assigning higher scores than ChatGPT. Similarly, significant differences with varying degrees were also evident for each of the various types of essays, suggesting that the genre of the essays was not a parameter affecting the agreement between human raters and ChatGPT. After all, it was discussed that while ChatGPT shows promise as an AES tool, the observed disparities suggest that it has not reached sufficient proficiency for practical use. The study emphasizes the need for improvements in AI language models to meet the nuanced nature of essay evaluation in EFL contexts