Biruni University Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
2908 research outputs found
Sort by
A hybrid phishing detection system using deep learning-based URL and content analysis
Get PDFAbstract Phishing attacks are one of the most preferred types of attacks for cybercriminals, who can easily contact a large number of victims through the use of social networks, particularly through email messages. To protect end users, most of the security mechanisms control Uniform Resource Locator (URL) addresses because of their simplicity of implementation and execution speed. However, due to sophisticated attackers, this mechanism can miss some phishing attacks and has a relatively high false positive rate. In this research, a hybrid technique is proposed that uses not only URL features, but also content-based features as the second level of detection mechanism, thus improving the accuracy of the detection system while also minimizing the number of false positives. Additionally, most phishing detection algorithms use datasets that contain easily differentiated data pieces, either phishing or legitimate. However, in order to implement a more secure protection mechanism, we aimed to collect a larger and high-risk dataset. The proposed approaches were tested on this High-Risk URL and Content-Based Phishing Detection Dataset that only contains suspicious websites from PhishTank. According to experimental studies, an accuracy rate of 98.37 percent was achieved on a more realistic dataset for phishing detection.
Abstract Phishing attacks are one of the most preferred types of attacks for cybercriminals, who can easily contact a large number of victims through the use of social networks, particularly through email messages. To protect end users, most of the security mechanisms control Uniform Resource Locator (URL) addresses because of their simplicity of implementation and execution speed. However, due to sophisticated attackers, this mechanism can miss some phishing attacks and has a relatively high false positive rate. In this research, a hybrid technique is proposed that uses not only URL features, but also content-based features as the second level of detection mechanism, thus improving the accuracy of the detection system while also minimizing the number of false positives. Additionally, most phishing detection algorithms use datasets that contain easily differentiated data pieces, either phishing or legitimate. However, in order to implement a more secure protection mechanism, we aimed to collect a larger and high-risk dataset. The proposed approaches were tested on this High-Risk URL and Content-Based Phishing Detection Dataset that only contains suspicious websites from PhishTank. According to experimental studies, an accuracy rate of 98.37 percent was achieved on a more realistic dataset for phishing detection
Milli mücadele döneminde Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki çetecilik faaliyetleri
Get PDFÖz Osmanlı Devleti 1914 yılında girdiği Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan 30 Ekim 1918 tarihli Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması’yla çekilmiştir. Antlaşmadan sonra Mart 1919’da Samsun ve Merzifon İngilizler tarafından işgal edilmiştir. Askeri birliklerden başka Karadeniz’e gelen İngiliz kontrol subaylarının, İstanbul’daki İngiliz Yüksek Komiserliğine gönderdikleri raporlar bölgenin durumuyla ilgili bilgiler sunmaktadır. Onlardan başka Donanma Bakanlığına bağlı subayların raporları da önemlidir. Bu raporlarda İngiliz kontrol subayları, bölgedeki Hristiyan Rum halktan edindikleri bilgiler doğrultusunda, Müslüman çeteler yüzünden Hıristiyanların tehdit altında olduklarını aktarmıştır. Ancak yer yer özellikle Rum din adamlarının Rum halkını kışkırtarak çeteciliğe teşvik ettiklerinden de bahsetmişlerdir. Ayrıca bölgedeki İngiliz subaylar, Milli Mücadele’nin Karadeniz’de yayılmasını sıkı takibe almışlardır. İngiliz subaylar, 1919 yılının sonuna doğru bölgeden askeri birliklerini çekmek zorunda kaldıklarında, asayişin çok iyi olduğunu yazarlarken, 1920 başında tekrar bölgedeki asayişte bozulma olduğunu iletmişlerdir. Bunun altında Türk teşkilatlanmasından duyulan endişe yatmaktadır. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin bölgedeki kontrolü sağlamasından sonra İngiliz subaylar bölgeden ayrılmak zorunda kalmıştır. Buna rağmen 1921 yılı sonuna kadar Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki gelişmeleri aktarmışlardır. Bu çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak, İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanlığı ve Donanma Bakanlığına ait belgeler kullanılarak 1919-1921 yılları arasında Karadeniz’deki çetecilik faaliyetleri incelenmiştir
A crushed and totally migrated iliac stent into the abdominal aorta: Look more carefully!
Get PDFEndovascular interventions are being increasingly used around the world. They are accepted as the primary approach to aortoiliac occlusive disease in most cases. Mainly, balloon-expandable stents are utilized to treat lesions, and some patients may develop complications. Stents may thrombose or migrate due to the force of the bloodstream or their inappropriate dimensions. Sometimes, the operator is to blame. We herein describe a 67-year-old patient with a history of multiple endovascular interventions presenting to the emergency department with right foot pain. The patient underwent repeated angiography and endovascular intervention. In the last approach, diagnostic angiography revealed a crushed and migrated balloon-expandable stent in the abdominal aorta. The stent was removed surgically, and aorta-femoral bypass grafting was performed. Endovascular maneuvers could lead to these complications; hence, the operator should exercise caution when working on previously implanted stents. Optimal stent expansion and awareness of this very uncommon complication are essential
Targeting Nrf2 with probiotics and postbiotics in the treatment of periodontitis
Get PDFPeriodontitis is a destructive disease of the tooth-surrounding tissues. Infection is the eti-ological cause of the disease, but its extent and severity depend on the immune–inflammatory response of the host. Immune cells use reactive oxygen species to suppress infections, and there is homeostasis between oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms during periodontal health. During per-iodontitis, however, increased oxidative stress triggers tissue damage, either directly by activating apoptosis and DNA damage or indirectly by activating proteolytic cascades. Periodontal treatment aims to maintain an infection and inflammation-free zone and, in some cases, regenerate lost tissues. Although mechanical disruption of the oral biofilm is an indispensable part of periodontal treat-ment, adjunctive measures, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications, are also frequently used, especially in patients with suppressed immune responses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics activate antioxidant mechanisms and can suppress extensive oxidative stress via their ability to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The aim of this narrative review is to describe the essential role of Nrf2 in the maintenance of periodontal health and to propose possible mechanisms to restore the impaired Nrf2 response in periodontitis, with the aid of probi-otic and postbiotics
Indane based molecular motors: UV-switching increases number of isomers
Get PDFAbstract: We describe azophenylindane based molecular motors (aphin-switches) which have two different rotamers of trans-configuration and four different rotamers of cis-configuration. The behaviors of these motors were investigated both experimentally and computationally. The conversion of aphin-switch does not yield single isomer but a mixture of these. Although the trans to cis conversion leads to the increase of the system entropy some of the cis-rotamers can directly convert to each other while others should convert via trans-configuration. The motion of aphin-switches resembles the work of a mixing machine with indane group serving as a base and phenol group serving as a beater. The aphin-switches presented herein may provide a basis for promising applications in advanced biological systems or particularly in cases where on demand disordering of molecular packing has value, such as lipid bilayers
Comparison of language and narrative features of individuals among amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy adults
Get PDFBackground: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a stage between normal aging and dementia. Even though individuals have some decline in cognition due to normal aging, preserved daily life functioning skills is the main distinction between dementia and MCI. Individuals with MCI experience mild impairments in memory, language and judgement. MCI is classified in two subtypes: one is amnestic MCI which is characterized by memory impairment, the other one is non-amnestic MCI in which other cognitive domains are impaired. Individuals with amnestic MCI (aMCI) are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). The purpose of this study is to determine the language and narration skills of individuals with aMCI and to compare their scores with healthy participants. Method: For this purpose, the Test Your Memory – Turkish Version (TYM-TR), the Turkish Picture Naming Test (T-RAT), the Aphasia Language Assessment Test (ADD) Repetition Subtest, the Turkish Nonword Repetition Test (TAST) were administered to 60 participants between the ages of 60-85, 30 with aMCI and 30 healthy individuals. Pyramid and Palm Trees Test (PPTT) and the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN-TR) Dog Story Retelling tasks were also administered. Result: After the distribution of the data was examined, those with normal distribution were compared between the groups with independent samples T test and the data that did not show a normal distribution were calculated using non-parametric Mann Whitney-U. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was determined that nonword repetition differed significantly between the groups. As for macrostructures, it was determined that there was a difference between the groups in terms of story structure and comprehension. As for the other parameters, even though the average of healthy individuals was higher, no significant difference was found between the groups. Conclusion: This study is the first on the language and narrative skills of the participants with aMCI in Turkish, and it is thought that it will shed light on the language skills of individuals with aMCI during the neurodegeneration process. Determining the changes in language skills is very important in setting goals for Language and Speech Therapy
The parents' opinion on expanded core curriculum skill levels of the students affected by visual impairment
No full textDanışman: Doç. Dr. Adeviye Tuğba TuncerBu çalışmada, görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş öğrencilerin Genişletilmiş Çekirdek Müfredat becerilerine sahip olma düzeylerine ilişkin ailelerinin görüşlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu 2020–2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Türkiye genelinde farklı illerde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı görme engelliler okullarına devam eden ikinci kademe öğrencilerin aileleri, ortaokul ve liselerde kaynaştırma eğitimine devam eden görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş öğrencilerin aileleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya gönüllü seksen altı (86) aile katılmıştır. Bu katılımcıların 48'ini kör çocuğa sahip aileler, 38'ini az gören çocuğa sahip aileler oluşturmuştur. Görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş öğrencilerin Genişletilmiş Çekirdek Müfredat becerilerine sahip olma düzeylerine ilişkin öğrencilerin var olan durumunu belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilen, üç bölümden oluşan kontrol listesi görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş öğrencilerin ailelerine uygulanmıştır. Ebeveynler tarafından doldurulan kontrol listesinden elde edilen veriler, frekans tabloları oluşturularak yüzdelik oranları hesaplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Sonrasında bu değerler tablolara aktarılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, kontrol listesinde bulunan on bir beceri alanında da ebeveynler ilgili becerilerin çoğuna çocuklarının sahip olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ancak, ebeveynlerin çocuklarının eğitimine ilişkin olarak kendilerine yönetilen "(a) çocuğumun okulda aldığı eğitimi yeterli buluyorum, (b) çocuğumun okulu bitirdikten sonra yanında gören yetişkin olmadan ev içinde ve ev dışında (alış-veriş, seyahat, toplu taşıma aracı kullanma vb.) bağımsız olarak yapmak istediklerini yapabileceğini düşünüyorum (c) çocuğuma eğitim veren öğretmenlerin eğitimini yeterli buluyorum, (d) sınavlarda çocuğum için yeterli uyarlamalar olduğunu düşünüyorum." Şeklindeki maddelerin çoğuna olumsuz fikir beyan etmişlerdir. Bunlara ek olarak, görme yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin sahip olduğu GÇM becerilerine ilişkin olarak görme engelliler okullarında aldıkları eğitimlere ve kaynaştırma eğitimine devam eden öğrencilerin aldıkları eğitimin niteliğine, öğretmenlerin uyguladığı öğretim programlarına ilişkin ailelerin görüşlerinin olumsuz olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları tartışılmış ve ileriki araştırmalara yönelik öneriler belirtilerek geniş bir yelpaze içinde açıklanmıştır.This study aims to determine the parents' views on expanded core curriculum skill levels of the students who suffer visual impairment. The research group consists of secondary level students who goes to public educational institutions for visually impaired children, and the families of students with visual impairment, who were the subject of mainstreaming in secondary schools and high schools in the 2020-2021 academic year. Eighty-six (86) families participated in the study. Of these 86 families, 48 are the families of the blind children and 38 are the families of children who suffer low vision. A three-staged control list was applied to the families of visually impaired students to determine current expanded core curriculum skill levels of visually impaired students. The data which were taken from the control list the parents filled were analyzed via the application of frequency charts and their respective percent ratios, and these values were examined and used to construct charts. According to research, the parents have indicated that out of 11, most of the skills in the control list are present in their children. However, the parents mostly returned negative comments on the matters "(a) I find the education my children receive at school sufficient, (b) I believe after my children finish school, they are free to act independently inside and outside the home (shopping, traveling, using public transport, etc.) without an adult with vision (c) I find the training of the teachers who teach my children decent, (d) I think that there are sufficient customizations for my children in the exams.". Furthermore, it was concluded that the opinions of the families were negative about the expanded core curriculum (ECC) skills of the visually impaired students, the education they received at the schools (for visually impaired children), the quality of the education received by the students who continue inclusive education, and the teaching programs implemented by the teachers. The research findings are discussed and explained in a wide range, with suggestions for the future research
Attitudes of urologists on metabolic evaluation for urolithiasis: Outcomes of a global survey from 57 countries
Get PDFAlthough stone disease is an important health problem with high incidence and recurrence rates, it is a preventable disease. Attitudes and practices of urologists regarding the prevention of recurrence continue to be a subject of debate. In this context, an online survey study was conducted involving 305 urologists from 57 diferent countries. The frst 7 questions collected demographic data about the urologists and the remaining 23 questions were about the recurrence and metabolic evaluation, medical treatment, and follow-up of urinary stone disease. Most urologists (85.2%) thought that metabolic examination was important. Approximately one-third of the participants (34.1%) performed 24-hour urine analysis and stone analysis was ordered by 87.5% of the urologists. Metabolic analysis was performed for all patients by 14.7% of the participants. For pediatric patients this rate was 68.5%, and for adults with recurrence the rate was 81.6%. Reasons cited by the urologists for not performing metabolic analysis included not feeling confdent doing so (18.3%), having limited facilities in their hospital (26.5%), having an excessive daily workload (31.8%), patient-related factors (27.5%), and referring patients to other departments for metabolic evaluation (20.9%). Although majority of the responding urologists do consider the metabolic analysis as vital important, they seemed not to be willing to perform these tests with the same degree of enthusiasm in their daily practice. Our results show that urologists need support in performing and interpreting 24-hour urine analysis, improving their knowledge levels, and communicating with patients. Urology residency training should focus more on the prevention of urinary stone recurrence in addition to the surgical training
New bis and tetrakis 1,2,3 triazole derivatives synthesis, DNA cleavage, molecular docking, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and acid dissociation constants
No full textIn this study, a series of bis– and tetrakis–1,2,3–triazole derivatives were synthesized using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry in 73–95% yield. The bis– and tetrakis–1,2,3–triazoles exhibited significant DNA cleavage activity while the tetrakis–1,2,3–triazole analog 6g completely degraded the plasmid DNA. Molecular docking simulations suggest that compound 6g acts as minor groove binder of DNA by binding through several noncovalent interactions with base pairs. All bis- and tetrakis–1,2,3-triazole derivatives were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. hirae, L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila strains and antifungal activity against microfungus C. albicans and C. tropicalis strains. Compound 4d exhibited the best antibacterial activity among bis–1,2,3–triazoles against E. coli and E. hirae, while 6c exhibited the best antibacterial activity among tetrakis–1,2,3–triazoles against E. hirae. Furthermore, the best antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis was reported for the compound 5, while 6d displayed the best antifungal activity against C. tropicalis and C. albicans. Reasonable iron chelating activities and DPPH radical scavenging abilities were found for some of the compounds. Finally, the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the bis–1,2,3–triazoles were also determined with the help of HYPERQUAD program using the data obtained from potentiometric titrations. The reported data here concludes that the bis- and tetrakis-1,2,3- triazoles are important cores that should be considered for further development of especially new anticancer agents acting through the DNA cleavage activity
Numerical investigation of ohmically dissipated mixed convective flow
No full textThe impact of ohmic heating and thermal radiation plays a prominent role in industrial and technological applications, for example aerodynamic heating and process flows. Thus the current study provides the convective heat transfer of magnetohydrodynamics mixed convection flow towards a penetrable stretching wedge with ohmic heating and thermal radiation. By utilizing suitable similarity transformation the set of ODEs are transformed to set of highly nonlinear PDEs. The reduced equations are elucidated by employing bvp4c method in MATLAB software. The effects of numerous emerging parameters were examined and disclosed graphically. In contrast, the inclusion of stretching wedge, the temperature and velocity distribution upraises with the increase of R. Numerical outcomes of skin friction and Nusselt number are disclosed by addition of these parameters. At R = 0.6, the upgraded values of radiation parameter upsurges the temperature gradient. The similar trend is noted at R = 1.2. The augmented values of Ec rises the temperature gradient for both the cases of wedge (R ≶ 1). Observations shows that varying R and M upsurges the absolute values of surface drag force. However increased values of M lessened the temperature gradient