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TNF-α, IL-1B and IL-6 affect the differentiation ability of dental pulp stem cells
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Background This in vitro study examined the efect of the infammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) on osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic diferentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which have signifcant relevance in future regenerative therapies.
Methods DPSCs were isolated from the impacted third molar dental pulp and determined with fow cytometry analysis. DPSCs were divided into into 5 main groups with 3 subdivisions for each group making a total of 15 groups. Experimental groups were stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and a combination of all three to undergo osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic diferentiation protocols. Next, the diferentiation of each group was examined with diferent staining procedures under a light microscope. Histological analysis of osteogenic, chondrogenic,
and adipogenic diferentiated pellets was assessed using a modifed Bern score. Statistical signifcance determined using one-way analysis of variance, and correlations were assessed using Pearson’s test (two-tailed).Results Stimulation with infammatory cytokines signifcantly inhibited the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic diferentiation of DPSCs in terms of matrix and cell formation resulting in weak staining than the unstimulated groups with infammatory cytokines. On contrary, the unstimulated groups of MSCs have shown to be highly proliferative ability in terms of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic diferentiation.Conclusions DPSCs have high osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic diferentiation capabilities. Pretreatment with infammatory cytokines decreases the diferentiation ability in vitro, thus inhibiting tissue formation
Electromagnetic investigation of neuron growth by using pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation
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Electromagnetic field (EMF) applications for humans have been widely used for medical therapy for a long time. Various nerve diseases such as complex regional pain syndrome, cerebral palsy and spinal cord injuries may occur as a result of damage on the nerve cells. In addition, EMF applications are taken into consideration in terms of tissue regeneration. The use of electricity for nerve regeneration is applied internally or externally. The use of direct current (DC) electric fields to stimulate axon elongation and nerve regeneration in nerve cells has been applied in various studies. In our study, electromagnetic field was used for the controlled and directional growth of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) nerve cells. An amplifier circuit, which can produce amplified signals to generate proposed pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) is designed. The electromagnetic field is produced on FR-4 copper plate, which highlights electrical field unlike previous studies, since there is no circular coil structure preferred. The elongation of nerve cells is planned to be in one direction, hence the signal to be applied is produced as a novel asymmetrical waveform (sawtooth) in addition to triangular and square waveforms which were previously preferred in recent studies. By the aid of proposed novel construction and produced signal waveform, PEMF system can be applied for nerve diseases effectively. The morphological nerve cell elongation results and PEMF results have been investigated and the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified
Quality of life and depression conditions of women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and postpartum period
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Objective The study was conducted to determine the quality of life and depression of women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Methods 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 100 healthy pregnant women were included in the present study. Data were obtained from pregnant women in their third trimester who agreed to take part in the study. The data was collected during the third trimester and six to eight weeks after the baby was born. The data were obtained by socio-demographic characteristics form, postpartum data collection form, the MOS 36 Item Short Form Health Survey and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD).
Results Themean age of pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the study was the same as the average age of healthy pregnant women. The CESD score of pregnant women with gestational diabeteswas 26,77 +/- 4,85 while the corresponding score was 25,19 +/- 4,43 for healthy women. Additionally, the score in the postpartum period was 32.47 +/- 5.94 for pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 35.47 +/- 8.33 for healthy pregnant women. CESD scores were found to be higher than the cut-off score of 16 in both groups, and the mean scores increased during the postpartum period.
Conclusion During the postpartum period, the quality of life of pregnant women with gestational diabetes was affected more negatively than healthy pregnant women. Depressive symptoms of women with both gestational diabetes and healthy pregnancy were found to be high in pregnancy and postpartum periods
Synthesis and characterization of novel HMPM bridged ball-type metallophthalocyanines, and their DFT studies and electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes
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Novel 4, 4'-((((2-(3, 4-dicyanophenoxy)-5-methyl-1, 3-phenylene) bis (methylene)) bis (4-methyl-3, 1-phenylene)) bis (oxy)) -bridged ball-type phthalocyanines were achieved from 4, 4' -((((2-(3, 4-dicyanophenoxy)-5methyl-1, 3-phenylene) bis (methylene)) bis (4-methyl-3, 1-phenylene)) bis (oxy)) diphthalonitrile through appropriate transition metal (II) acetate salts in 2-dimethylaminoethanol. The new tris-phthalonitrile precursor was achieved from 3,3'-((2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene) bis (methylene)) bis (4-methylphenol), and 4nitrophthalonitrile with the presence of catalyst potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide at 50.C. The structural verification of the compounds was accomplished by proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass, infrared, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic methods. The BTCuPc electrode material exhibited a specific capacitance of 265 F.g 1 at a scan rate of 5 mV.s 1 in 3.0 M KCl aqueous electrolyte. In addition, a wide operating potential range (1.5 V) was achieved in the aqueous electrolyte
Online survey evaluation of three years of european society of thoracic surgeons educational webinars as part of the e-learning platform
No full textBackground E-learning has become an important tool in surgical education in the last decade. The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons launched its e-learning platform in 2013 and started its educational webinars series in 2018. The aim of this paper is to discuss the introduction, evolution and impact of the educational webinars within this e-learning platform. Methods Twenty-four English spoken webinars discussing different subdomains in general thoracic surgery (21 expert talks, 2 pro-con debates and 1 multidisciplinary case discussion) were analyzed. An online questionnaire on timing, quality and technical aspects of the webinars was sent to 3012 registrants. Results The webinars reached 3128 unique registrants from 76 countries worldwide. The mean number of registrants was 355 with 171 live attendees (48%) and 155 replay watchers (36%). Hundred and twenty-six attendees (13.1% of people who registered for at least 4 webinars) completed the questionnaire. Timing and duration of the webinars were rated ‘‘very good’’ to ‘‘excellent’’ in 78%, and the quality of the webinar content and the expertise of the webinar presenters were rated ‘‘very good’’ to ‘‘excellent’’ in 88% and 90%, respectively. The impact on knowledge and clinical practice was scored with a weighted average of 7.27 out of 10 and 6.79 out of 10, respectively. Conclusions The ESTS educational webinars were effective in delivering up-to-date knowledge to almost half of the countries around the globe. The impact of these events on knowledge and clinical practice were rated high. New e-learning tools should be added to the surgical educational curriculu
On the investigation of optical soliton solutions of cubic – quartic Fokas – Lenells and Schrödinger – Hirota equations
No full textPurpose: When it comes to third and higher-order dispersion, the Schrödinger–Hirota equation is one of the main models developed outside the classical NLSE management models for optical soliton transmission. The cubic–quartic Fokas–Lenells equation is also one of the recently developed equations, which has importance in the field of telecommunications regarding optical soliton transmission in the absence of chromatic dispersion. In this study, in order to examine the optical solitons, the Schrödinger–Hirota equation in the presence of the chromatic dispersion and the cubic–quartic Fokas–Lenells equation discarding the chromatic dispersion were investigated. For this intent, by obtaining certain soliton types using the unified Riccati equation expansion method (UREEM), optical soliton solutions were obtained for both models and graphical representations and comments were made. Methodology: By developing appropriate computer algorithms and applying UREEM in the following ways, symbolic calculation software was made and analytical optical soliton solutions were obtained. Findings: Through computer algebra software, we plotted the obtained results via 3D, 2D views and we also illustrated the investigation of wave behavior caused by parameter change on 2D graphics. Originality: Different soliton behavior under the parameters effect of the Schrödinger–Hirota equation having chromatic dispersion and the cubic–quartic Fokas-Lenells equation is investigated and the obtained results are reported
Pure–quartic optical solitons and modulational instability analysis with cubic–quintic nonlinearity
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We analyze the propagation dynamics of intense light pulses in an optical medium exhibiting cubic–quintic nonlinearity and pure fourth-order dispersion. We show that this physical system may support a rich variety of periodic wave solutions in the presence of all physical processes. Interestingly, in the long-wave limit, two different types of quartic dark solitons with equal amplitudes and wave numbers but different widths are identified for the first time. The obtained dark soliton solutions are shown to be independent of any free parameters and their characteristics are uniquely determined by system parameters. The numerical examples are presented for illustrating the soliton evolution dynamics in the waveguiding system. The formation of these quartic dark solitons occurs in normal pure fourth-order dispersion when the quintic and cubic nonlinearities are competitive. The modulational instability of a continuous wave is also analyzed under the combined effects of quartic dispersion and cubic–quintic nonlinearities. Additionally, the role of quintic nonlinearity and fourth-order dispersion effects on the modulational instability has been discussed
Chirped spatial solitons on a continuous-wave background in weak nonlocal media with polynomial law of nonlinearity
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Spatial soliton propagation in a cubic-quintic-septimal optical material with a weakly nonlocal response is examined. We demonstrate that bright and gray solitons on a continuous-wave background exist for the envelope equation describing their dynamis in the physical media. In addition, optical kink and anti-kink type solitons are also identified. We find that these waveforms exhibit a frequency chirping property which is inversely proportional to the beam intensity. A noteworthy characteristic is that the chirped soliton solutions include no free parameters and their properties such as their amplitude, spatial width and propagation constant are determined solely by the material parameters. The numerical examples are structured for illustrating the propagation dynamics of these solitons in the optical system. The role of weak nonlocality on the modulation instability gain has also been discussed
Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of mothers with 0-6 months infants towards infant nutrition
No full textÖZET Araştırma, 0-6 ay bebeği olup emziren annelerin, emzirme konusundaki benlik algılarının, yeterlilik hislerinin ve bebek beslenmesi konusundaki annenin algı ve tutumunun değerlendirilmesiyle birlikte anne sütü ve emzirmenin önemini vurgulamak amacıyla yürütüldü. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte ki çalışmaya, bir özel hastanenin pediatri kliniğinde yatan ve pediatri polikliniğine basvuran 0- 6 ay arası bebeği olan, emziren 123 anne dahil edildi. Veri toplama araçları olarak annelerin demografik bilgilerinin yer aldığı Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Bebek Beslenmesi Tutum Ölçeği (IOWA), yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile uygulandı. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler bilgisayar ortamında SPSS 22,0 istatistik programı aracılığıyla değerlendirildi. Annelerin tanımlayıcı özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde frekans ve yüzde analizlerinden, ölçeğin incelenmesinde ortalama ve standart sapma istatistiklerinden faydalanıldı. Katılımcıların "yaş" ortalamasının 29,82±4,72 yıl, %50,4'ünün 26-30 yaş aralığında olduğu, %69,1'inin sezaryan doğum yaptığı, %70,7'sinin gebeliğinin planlı olduğu, %77,2'sinin emzirme eğitimi aldığı, %87,8'inin bebeğine ilk besin olarak anne sütü verdiği ve %61'nin bebeğini anne sütü ile beslemeye devam ettiği belirlendi. Annelerin "bebek beslenmesi tutum ölçeği" toplam puan ortalaması 63,065±6,145 (Min=47; Maks=76) olarak saptandı. Annelerin Bebek beslenmesi tutum ölçeği puan ortalamarı incelendiğinde, bebeklerin doğumdaki yaşı, boyu, kilosu, şimdiki yaşı, şimdiki boyu ve kilosu toplam puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığı belirlendi (p>0.05). Normal doğum yapan annelerin bebek beslenmesi tutum ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları (x=65,132), sezaryan doğum yapan annelerin bebek beslenmesi tutum ölçeği toplam puan ortalamalarından (x=62,141) yüksek bulundu (t=2,549; p=0.0120.05). Infant nutrition attitude scale mean scores of mothers who had normal delivery (x=65.132) were found to be higher than those of mothers who gave birth by cesarean section (x=62,141) (t=2.549; p=0.012<0.05; d=0.497; η2=0.051). Infant feeding attitude scale mean scores of mothers who gave breast milk as the first food after birth (x=63,482) were found to be higher than the mean scores of mothers who gave formula formula (x=60.067) (t=2.043; p=0.043<0.05; d=0.563; η2=0.033). According to the results of the study, it is seen that the mothers' attitudes towards breastfeeding are quite good, but a little more than half of them continue to breastfeed at the sixth month. Breastfeeding and breastfeeding education, which will be given to women effectively in the pre- and postnatal period, and providing the necessary professional and social support for breastfeeding will contribute to the continuity of breastfeeding and to make mothers' attitudes towards infant feeding more positive
Comparison of three different exercise trainings in patients with chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled study
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Background: Neck pain is a common problem in the general population and second only to low back pain in musculoskeletal problems. The aim of this study is to compare three different types of exercise training in patients with chronic neck pain.
Methods: This study was conducted on 45 patients with neck pain. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (conventional treatment), Group 2 (conventional treatment plus deep cervical flexor training), and Group 3 (conventional treatment plus stabilization of the neck and core region). The exercise programs were applied for four weeks, three days a week. The demographic data, pain intensity (verbal numeric pain scale), posture (Reedco's posture scale), cervical range of motion ([ROM] goniometer), and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI]) were evaluated.
Results: In all groups, a significant improvement was found in terms of pain, posture, ROM, and NDI values in all groups (P < 0.001). Between the groups, analyses showed that the pain and posture improved more in Group 3, while the ROM and NDI improved more in Group 2.
Conclusions: In addition to conventional treatment, applying core stabilization exercises or deep cervical flexor muscle training to patients with neck pain may be more effective in reducing pain and disability and increasing ROM than conventional treatment alone