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Influence of boron treatments on fatty acid desaturase metabolism in different safflower cultivars
No full textThis study investigated the expression levels of FAD2 genes important for the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid at cotyledon, root and leaf tissues of four different safflower cultivars (Olas, Remzibey, Dincer and Gokturk) subjected to B by qRT-PCR. Safflower species were grown in a controlled environmental growth chamber for 21 days and then exposed to different B concentrations ranging from 20 to 1 280 mu mol for 24 h. RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR analysis were performed on root, cotyledon and leaf tissues exposed to B stress for 24 h. It was determined that the expression levels of FAD2 genes decreased in the safflower cultivars exposed to increasing B concentrations. Under B stress conditions, the expression levels of FAD2 genes revealed an overall pattern of increase and reduction up to 160 mu mol relative to the control group, and they reached the highest expression level. After 320 mu mol, the activity of FAD2 genes was almost absent at increasing concentrations. All results show that the application of B causes significant changes in the expression of FAD2 genes and plays an important role in the defence mechanism against increased B toxicity.Amasya University Scientific Research Unit [FMB-BAP 20-0480]The author gratefully acknowledges this work's financial support by the Amasya University Scientific Research Unit, Project No. FMB-BAP 20-0480. And also, the author acknowledges to Prof. Dr Emine Sumer, ARAS at Ankara University, Science Faculty, and Department of Biology, for her valuable support
Existence and uniqueness results for nonlinear fractional differential equations via new Q-function
No full textIn this paper, we first introduce a new concept of Q-function on partial metric spaces. Also, we give a new definition of (alpha,phi,q)-contractive mapping by considering the new kind of Q-function. Then we obtain some best proximity point results for such mappings. Thus, we improve and unify many well-known results in the literature. Moreover, we provide some illustrative and nontrivial examples. Therefore, we show that the approach of Haghi et al. (Topol Appl 160:450-454, 2013) cannot be applied to our results. Finally, we obtain a solution of nonlinear fractional differential equations using the new Q-function
Effect of Gamified Mobile Applications and the Role of Player Types on the Achievement of Students
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine a gamified mobile application's effect on students' achievement, and whether the player types of the students predicted their achievement scores. A pretest-posttest control group design research was conducted with 65 undergraduate students taking a compulsory online course. In the study, a gamified mobile app was developed by the researchers and then applied within an online History I course. The results of the study showed no significant difference between the achievement scores of the Experimental Group and Control Group students. However, multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the Experimental Group's students' achievement scores were significantly predicted by the player types they used and their mobile app performance. It is argued, therefore, that this result underlines the importance of player type in designing effective mobile gamification apps for the purpose of learning. Suggestions for further studies are also provided
THE EFFECT OF USING WEB-BASED ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY SIMULATION ON RHYTHM DIAGNOSTIC SKILLS OF PARAMEDIC STUDENTS
No full textObjective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of web-based electrocardiography (ECG) simulation on paramedic students' rhythm diagnostic skills. Method: The study was conducted as a single-group pretest-posttest design study between 02.05.2021-01.09.2021. The study group of the research consisted of students studying in the last year in the paramedical department of a university in Turkey. The data of the study were collected person-to-person using the information form and the Basic ECG Rhythm Diagnosis Form. Participants were provided online ECG training for 3 hours per week over the course of 8 weeks. One month after the training, the participants were pre-tested. After the pretest, the participants used a web-based ECG simulator for 4 weeks. Posttest was applied to the participants at the end of four weeks. Results: It was found that the rate of correct diagnosis of all rhythms in the Diagnosis of Basic ECG Rhythms Form of the students increased after the use of a web-based simulator. It was determined that there was a significant statistical difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students (t:-7.476, p<0.001). Conclusion: ECG is one of the subjects that individuals have difficulty in learning. Therefore, using different teaching methods in addition to the traditional teaching method can help facilitate ECG teaching. In this study, it was determined that the use of web-based electrocardiography simulation improved the rhythm diagnostic skills of paramedical students
Effects of Waste Powder, Fine and Coarse Marble Aggregates on Concrete Compressive Strength
No full textThe use of marble wastes in concrete mixtures, causing air and water pollution, has been promoted in the academic and practical spheres of the construction industry. Although the effects of various forms (powder, fine, coarse and mixed) of this waste on the concrete compressive strength has been subject to a decent number of studies in the literature, the difficulties in reaching specific conclusions on the effect of each test parameter constitute a major restraint for the proliferation of the use of marble wastes in the concrete industry. Most of these studies are far from underscoring all of the parameters affecting the concrete compressive strength. Due to the urgent need in the literature for comprehensive studies on concrete mixtures with marble wastes, the results of the axial compression tests on a total of 429 concrete mixtures with marble aggregates were compiled by paying special attention to reporting all test variables (form and content of marble wastes, water-cement ratio, cement content, proportion of coarse and fine aggregates in all aggregates) affecting the concrete strength. In this context, multivariate regression analyses were carried out on the existing test results. These regression analyses yielded to relationships between the change in concrete compressive strength and the test parameters for each and every form of marble waste (powder, fine and coarse aggregate). The study indicated that independent from the form of marble wastes (as powder, fine aggregate or coarse aggregate), aggregate replacements of up to 50% can yield to significant changes in the concrete compressive strength. In addition, the analytical estimates from the developed equations exhibited a high correlation (a least r value of 0.91) with the experimental results from the previous studies, yielding to rather low error values (RMSE value is 5.06 MPa at max). For this reason, the developed equations can consistently predict the changes in concrete compressive strength with varying amounts and forms of the marble aggregates as well as the other test variables.Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [075-15-2021-1333]The research is partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the strategic academic leadership program 'Priority 2030' (Agreement 075-15-2021-1333 dated 30 September 2021)
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IMPROVEMENT OF A DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH KOCH SNOWFLAKE FRACTAL AND LONGITUDINAL FIN DESIGNS
No full textThe effects of the inner pipe design of a double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) on the thermal performance were numerically investigated by using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method under various Reynolds numbers and steady state conditions. Two different passive heat transfer enhancement methods were applied to the DPHE, and the heat exchanger was tried to be compact. The first method is the addition of a conventional longitudinal fin to the outer surface of the inner pipe. The other method is the fractal application; the fractal pattern applied in heat exchangers in the available literature is generally used in the fin geometry. But in this study, the fractal pattern was used in the geometry of the inner pipe. Heat transfer occurred over the entire wall of the inner pipe due to using the fractal pattern to the inner pipe of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger model with the Koch Snowflake fractal pattern cross-section showed the highest heat transfer rate values. It was easily observed that the total pressure drop values increased as the number of iterations increased. As a result of fin attachment, relatively lower increases were observed in heat transfer rate values. In general, the n = 1 fractal model has both high heat transfer and relatively low pressure drop values that make this model more remarkable than the others. The heat transfer rate and pressure drop (cold side) values of this model varied between nearly 6-18 kW and 1.2-13 kPa, respectively. The numerical results were compatible with the values obtained from the literature and theoretical calculations
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF AMASYA ACCORDING TO COURT RECORD REGISTER DATED H. 1182-1184 (1768-1770)
No full text--Amasya, şehzadelerin idareci olarak görev yapmaları sebebiyle “Şehzade Sancağı” olarak vasıflandırılmış, stratejik olarak doğuya yapılan seferlerin güzergâhı ve padişahların dinlendiği mekân olmuştur. Toprak idaresi olarak malikâne-divani sistemi denilen bir sistem uygulanmıştır. Bu sistemde vergilerin bir bölümü malikane hissesi ismiyle özel şahıs ve vakıflara, diğer bölümü ise divani hissesi ile devlete ödenmiştir. Amasya’da devlete ödenen vergiler içerisinde şer’i dediğimiz öşür ve cizye vergisi dışında örfi vergiler, olağanüstü durumlarda geçici olarak konulan, ancak daha sonra kaldırılmayarak sürekli hale getirilen İmdad-ı Hazariye, İmdad-ı Seferiye, Avarız, Nüzûl, Sürsat gibi vergiler de sıkça toplanmıştır. Çalışmamıza konu olan siciller üzerinde yaptığımız araştırmamızda, o dönemde olağanüstü vergilerin sıkça toplanmasında devam etmekte olan Osmanlı-Avusturya ve Osmanlı-Rusya savaşlarının getirmiş olduğu mali sıkıntının etkili olduğu görülmüştür. H.1182-H.1184 (1768-1770) tarihlerini kapsayan 52 ve 53 No’lu Şer’iye Sicillerindeki bilgiler sadece vergilerle sınırlı kalmamış, mukataa gelirleri de önemli bir yer tutmuştur.Amasya was characterized as the "Prince Sanjak" because the princes served as administrators. It was the route of the campaigns made to the east strategically and where the sultans rested. For the land administration, a system called the malikane-divani system was applied. This system consisted of two heads, two-headed and savings, part of the taxes were paid to private individuals and foundations with the name of manor shares, and the other part was paid to the state with divani shares. Among the taxes paid to the state in Amasya, in addition to the öşur and jizya taxes, which we call religious taxes, as customary taxes, taxes such as Imdad-ı Hazariye, Imdad-ı Seferiye, Avariz, Nuzul, Sursat, which were temporarily imposed in extraordinary cases, but then were not abolished and made permanent, were also frequently collected. In our research on the registers that are the subject of our study, it has been seen that the financial difficulties caused by the ongoing Ottoman-Austrian and Ottoman-Russian wars were influential in the systematic collection of extraordinary taxes at that time. The information in the Sharia registers covering the dates between Hijri 1178 and Hijri 1184 was not limited to taxes; the revenues of the muqataa also held an important place
Investigation of Digital Game Addiction Levels of Sedentary and Sports Students*
No full textTeknolojinin gelişmesine paralel olarak insanların dijital oyunlara olan ilgisi artmıştır. Dijital oyunlara artan bu ilgi bazı kişilerde bağımlılığa neden olmaktadır. Dijital oyunlarda bağımlılık kişinin dijital oyun oynama isteğini kontrol edememesi, sürekli oyun oynama isteği ve günlük yaşantıda dijital oyun oynanmasından ötürü oluşan bozukluk olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, sedanter ve spor yapan öğrencilerin dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacını taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın evrenini sedanter ve spor yapan üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklem grubu ise sedanter ve spor yapan 248 öğrenciyi kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Hazar ve Hazar (2019) tarafından geliştirilen “Üniversite öğrencileri için dijital oyun bağımlılığı ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek 5'li likert tipinde olup, 21 madde ve 3 alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Tüm istatistiksel hesaplamalar SPSS 22.0 V istatistik paket program aracılığı ile yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda erkek öğrencilerin kadın öğrencilere göre dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunula birlikte 18-21 yaş aralığında olan bireylerin diğer kişilere oranla dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve 6 saatten fazla internet kullanan katılımcıların bağımlılık düzeylerinin diğer bireylere göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada sporla ilgilenme durumu, spor branşı ve öğrenim değişkeni açısından katılımcıların dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.The interest of people has increased in digital games in parallel with technological developments. This increasing interest on digital games has caused addiction in some people. Addiction in digital games is called a disorder caused by the inability of the person to control the desire to play digital games constantly in daily life. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the digital game addiction levels of sedentary and sports students. For this purpose, the universe of the study consists of sedentary and sports students. The sample group of the study includes 248 sedentary and sports students. Approval was obtained with the 01/02/2022 dated and 55300 numbered ethics committee decision of Amasya University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee on the conduct of this study. "Digital game addiction scale for university students" developed by Hazar and Hazar (2019) was used as a data collection tool in the study. The related scale is in 5-point Likert type and consists of 21 items and 3 sub-dimensions. All statistical calculations were made in SPSS 22.0 V statistical package program. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was concluded that the digital game addiction levels of male students were higher than female students. it has also been determined that individuals between the ages of 18 and 21 have higher levels of digital game addiction compared to other individuals. In addition, it was determined that the addiction levels of the participants who used the Internet for more than 6 hours were higher than the other individuals. On the other hand, in the study, no significant difference was found between the digital game addiction levels of the participants in terms of interest in sports, sports branch and learning variable
Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites containing polymeric ionic liquid as drug carrier systems
No full textPolimerik iyonik sıvılar (PILs), iyonik sıvıların polimerizasyonuyla hazırlanan polimerlerdir. PILs'ler, moleküler iyonik sıvıların benzersiz özelliklerini polimerlerin işlenebilirliği ile birleştiren nispeten yeni bir fonksiyonel polimerik malzeme sınıfıdır. Biyopolimerler, biyouyumlulukları ve biyoparçalanabilir olmaları nedeniyle çeşitli biyolojik uygulamalarda tercih edilirler. Bu çalışmada poli (1-vinilbenzil-3-bütilimidazolyum klorür) polimerik iyonik sıvısı, Tersinir katılma-ayrılma zincir transfer (RAFT) polimerizasyonu ile sentezlenmiştir. Sodyum aljinat, polimerik iyonik sıvı ve grafen oksitden oluşan kompozitler hazırlanmış ve karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Triklosan/β-siklodekstrin (CD) inklüzyon kompleksleri içeren kompozitlerin hazırlanmasının ardından, kompozitlerin şişme oranları ve ilaç salımı çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hazırlanan kompozitlerin suda çözünürlüğü düşük ilaçların salımı için kullanabileceği belirlenmiştir.Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) are polymers prepared by the polymerization of ionic liquids. PILs are a relatively new class of functional polymeric materials that combine the unique properties of molecular ionic liquids with the processability of polymers. Biopolymers are preferred in various biological applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, poly (1-vinylbenzyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride) polymeric ionic liquid was synthesized by Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Composites containing sodium alginate, polymeric ionic liquid, and graphene oxide were prepared and characterized. After the preparation of composites containing triclosan/β-cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes, the swelling ratios, and drug release studies were performed. As a result, it has been determined that the prepared composites can be used for low water solubility drug release
Determination Of Cytotoxic Effect Of Amygdalin In DLD-1 Cell Line and Anticytotoxic Effect In CCD-18CO Cell Line
No full textObjective: Amygdalin, which is part of the aromatic cyanogenic glycoside group, is found in plant seeds such as apricot, peach, plum, apple, pear, and cherry. It has been shown that amygdalin has anti-tumor properties against many cancers such as colon, breast, and lung cancer. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of amygdalin in human colon cancer cells (DLD-1) and normal colonic epithelium (CCD-18Co) using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-YL)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. Materials and Methods: DLD-1 and CCD-18Co cells were grown in flasks containing Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 and Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, respectively. Both cell groups were treated with amygdalin concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1.56 mM for 24 hours. Then, 20% MTT dye was added to the wells of the aspirated plates and incubated for 3 hours. After the reaction was stopped with pure Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) at the end of the period, the absorbance values of the plates were read spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 570 nm. Results: The percent viability values for the DLD-1 cell line were found to be between 48.3-71.6% and the IC50 value was calculated as 74.03 mM. The viability values for the CCD-18Co cell line after the amygdalin treatment ranged from 101.6 to 117.9%. Conclusion: While amygdalin showed a cytotoxic effect in the DLD-1 cell line, it showed an anticytotoxic effect in the CCD-18Co cell line. In our study, it was determined that amygdalin decreased the viability of DLD-1 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and did not show cytotoxic effects on CCD18-Co normal epithelial cells. More comprehensive controlled clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the feasibility of using amygdalin in combination with other anti-tumor drugs and to develop the artificial synthesis of the active ingredients in amygdalin in order to increase the anti-tumor activities of these drugs