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Effectiveness of Hydrogen and Nanoparticles Addition in Eucalyptus Biofuel for Improving the Performance and Reduction of Emission in CI Engine
No full textEucalyptus biodiesel (EB) powered CI engine was characterized by low brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and more smoke emission. The inherent oxygen content of nanoparticles could be added with EB leading to improve the oxidation of hydrocarbon that results in low smoke emission. The present study was initially carried out on a compression ignition engine powered by EB considered as reference fuel. Further, this experiment was assessed with the same modified CI engine fuelled with hydrogen enrichment in EB blends. The high energy density of hydrogen may results better combustion efficiency and drastically reduce global emissions. The hydrogen flow rate was fixed at 5 lpm throughout engine operation for enrichment of air. In this experiment, the different combination of fuel blends were used such as Eucalyptus biodiesel 15% + diesel 85% (EB15), neat Eucalyptus biodiesel 100% (EB100), Eucalyptus biodiesel 15% + diesel 85% + Alumina nanoparticle 50 ppm (EB15-A), Eucalyptus biodiesel 15% + diesel 85% + Alumina nanoparticle (Al2O3) 50 ppm + hydrogen enrichment (EB15-A-H), neat Eucalyptus biodiesel 100% + Al2O3 50 ppm (EB100-A), neat Eucalyptus biodiesel 100% + Al2O3 50 ppm + hydrogen enrichment (EB100-A-H). The results indicated that EB15-A-H showed 6.6% increase in the thermal efficiency whereas it was 2.5% lower fuel consumption as compared to diesel operation. EB100 powered CI engine indicated 17% lower combustion efficiency as compared to diesel in CI mode. The results also showed that the emission value of CO, HC, and smoke for fuel EB15-A-H were 9.5%, 12.6%, and 15.9% lower when compared to neat diesel in CI mode operation. However, the emission of NOx was slightly higher for the fuel EB15-A-H than other blends. Overall, it was concluded that EB15-A-H as a potential alternative fuel for CI engine application. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd
Bipolar Bozukluk Tanılı Hastaların İzleminde El Yazısı Değişikliklerinin Kullanımı
No full textAmaç: Bipolar bozukluk tanılı hastalarda motor beceri eksikliği ve bilişsel işlev bozukluğu vardır. Bu eksikliklerin hastalığın nörogelişimsel süreci ile ilgili olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mani ve remisyon dönemlerinde bipolar bozukluk tanılı hastaların el yazısında değişiklik olup olmadığını incelemektir. Yöntem: Olgulardan biri tedavi öncesi ve diğeri taburcu olduktan hemen sonra olmak üzere iki el yazısı ve imza örneği alındı. İlk örnek, hastaların ilaç tedavisi öncesi manik atak ile hastaneye kaldırıldığı dönemde alınmış, ikinci örnek ise taburculuk kararı alındığında, hastanın remisyon döneminde alınmıştır. Manik dönem ve remisyon dönemdeki el yazısı değişimleri incelendi. Bulgular: İki dönem arasındaki el yazısı incelendiğinde mani döneminde yazının boyutunda, kalem baskısında, kelimelerin uzunluğunda, kelimeler arasındaki boşluklarda ve eksik ve yanlış noktalama işaretlerinde artış olduğu belirlendi. Manik döneme ait spesifik tanı için veya antipsikotik dozu konusunda herhangi bir el yazısı ölçümünde farklılık yoktu, ancak antipsikotik kullananlarda tremor sayısı yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). Değişiklik gösteren parametrelerin çoğu Young Mani Ölçeği (YMRS) puanlarıyla ilişkili bulundu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, mani dönemindeki bipolar hastaların el yazısında ciddi değişiklikler tespit edildi. Bu değişimler, hastaların taburculuk kararları verilirken ve bipolar bir hastadaki manik atağa geçiş zamanını tahmin etmek için kullanılabilir. Ayrıca manik hastalarda el yazısı parametrelerini etkileyen en önemli özelliğin alım YMRS skorları olduğu bulunmuştu
Comprehensive energy, exergy, and economic analysis of the scenario of supplementing pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) with a concentrated photovoltaic thermal system
No full textThe pumped thermal energy storage (PTES), which is designed to store electricity more cheaply, is one of the issues that have been discussed in recent years. In the PTES system, electrical energy is stored as hot water employing a heat pump, and when needed, it is converted back into electrical energy by using a heat engine. As a result of supporting the PTES system with a heat source, the performance coefficient of the heat pump is increased, thereby increasing the round-trip efficiency of the system. These systems are called thermally integrated PTES (TI-PTES). The novelty in this study was the thermal integration method applied to the PTES system. In the thermal integration scenarios were given in the literature, solar collectors, geothermal sources, district heating, and industrial waste gas were used as heat sources. In the presented study, the part of photovoltaic modules in the system where the electricity to be stored was produced, was designed as a photovoltaic thermal system (CPV/T), and the hot water obtained from the CPV/T units was used to support the PTES system thermally. The proposed PTES system (TI(CPV/T)-PTES) was extensively evaluated in terms of thermodynamics and economics, and thermodynamic analyzes were carried out for different values of the design parameters of the CPV/T and PTES system. Depending on the change in parameter values, the electricity storage capacity of the system changed between 0.85 MW and 9.1 MW, and the round-trip efficiency changed between 48% and 81%. As a result of thermo-economic calculations, the lowest levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for the TI(CPV/T)-PTES system was obtained as 0.278 $kWh(-1). The results of the thermo-economic analysis revealed that lower LCOS values can be obtained in regions with higher solar radiation values. In addition, the TI(CPV/T)-PTES system was compared with other energy storage systems economically and a lower LCOS value was obtained for certain parameter values compared to Li-ion and VRF battery technologies
On rings with one middle class of injectivity domains
No full textA module M is said to be modest if the injectivity domain of M is the class of all crumbling modules. In this paper, we investigate the basic properties of modest modules. We provide characterizations of some classes of rings using modest modules. In particular, we show that a ring having the class of crumbling modules as the only right middle class of injectivity domains is either a right V-ring or right Noetherian; and a commutative ring with this property is regular. We also give criteria for a ring having the class of crumbling modules as the only right middle class of injectivity domains. © 2022 Department of Mathematics, University of Osijek
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Astragalus flavesces Leaf: Identification, Antioxidant Activity, and Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
No full textNanoparticles (NPs) are used in many fields. For example, electronics, optics, textiles, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, water treatment, and environmental remediation. In this work, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Af-AgNPs) from Astragalus flavesces leaf was synthesized. Af-AgNPs were featured by UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, and powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The maximum absorption peak was detected at 417 nm. The average size of Af-AgNPs was 63.15 nm and their spherical shape was determined by SEM spectral analysis. XRD spectral analysis at 20 degrees of 38.1 degrees, 44.3 degrees, 64.4 degrees, and 77.4 degrees can be indexed to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Af-AgNPs have the potential of - 29.1 mV which indicated the stability of nanoparticles as well as repulsion among the particles. Antioxidant activities of Af-AgNPs and the extract were investigated by the DPPH center dot, ABTS(center dot+), and FRAP assays. Af-AgNPs showed antioxidant activity to a degree that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The catalytic activity of Af-AgNPs was studied and at 28 h, 69% degradation was observed in the methylene blue solution. [GRAPHICS]
Determination of plant-specific retrotransposons in chicken
No full textMobile genetic elements are also known as transposons, comprising a significant proportion of plant and animal genomes. Retrotransposons, a class of transposons, move copy and paste mechanism and, therefore, cause genome obesity. Moreover, the transferability of retrotransposons within and between different kingdoms has provided valuable information for evolutionary relationships in addition to detailed knowledge about genomes. We identified barley-specific retrotransposons (Nikita and Sukkula) and determined polymorphism ratios of these retrotransposons in a chicken genome for the first time to gain new insights for retrotransposons found in different genomes. Transposon sequences belonging to chicken and barley genomes were also investigated to understand the evolutionary relationships. For this purpose, the samples from Turkish native chicken Gerze were analyzed using a retrotransposon-based molecular marker, IRAP (inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism). As a result of the analyses, there was no polymorphism among the samples in Sukkula analysis, while Nikita showed 0%-60% polymorphism. Moreover, in silico analyses also presented that these two retrotransposons are closely related to other chicken retrotransposons. Obtaining results could offer a practical approach for chicken genome analyses, especially for the identification of genes to obtain desired traits
Variational equations and Killing magnetic trajectories on timelike surfaces in semi-Riemannian manifolds
No full textIn this article, Darboux frame variations for timelike surfaces in semi-Riemannian manifolds are discussed. In addition, the Killing equations are examined by using the Darboux frame curvature variations. Then, magnetic trajectories are generated by means of the variational vector fields. Furthermore, parametric representations of all magnetic trajectories on the de Sitter space S-1(2) are presented. Moreover, various examples of magnetic trajectories are given in order to illustrate the theoretical results
Phytoremediation efficiencies of Brassica napus and Chenopodium quinoa in soils contaminated with Pb using chelator complexes
No full textHeavy metal pollution is one of the essential pollutions, and phytoremediation is one of the preferred methods to eliminate this pollution. The use of the degradable chelating agent for phytoremediation efficiency is a promising and low-cost method for removing soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, it was investigated whether phenanthroline and humic acid increase phytoremediation activities for Brassica napus L. and Chenopodium quinoa Wild. species and their applicability. The study was carried out under greenhouse conditions with 3 replications according to a complete random block trial design by applying 4 doses of each of the (i) control (without chelate), (ii) EDTA, (iii) nitro, (iv) pyridine, (v) 1-10 phenanthroline and (vi) humic acid treatments (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mmol kg-1 The obtained results showed that the highest tolerance indices (TI) for B. napus was found at 2.5 mmol kg-1 nitro chelate. TI of C. quinoa was highest at 5 mmol kg-1 pyridine chelate. Maximum Pb accumulations were found at 5 mmol kg-1 1-10 phenanthroline and 5 mmol kg-1 pyridine chelates in B. napus and C. quinoa, respectively. In both species, while Pb accumulations were high in roots, they were low in stems and leaves. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) were calculated highest at 2.5 mmol kg-1 nitro and 1-10 phenanthroline for B. napus and C. quinoa, respectively. These species were used as hyperaccumulator plants in many studies. Increasing the performance of hyperaccumulator plants to be used in cleaning the habitats exposed to heavy metal pollution will increase the efficiency of phytoremediation
Building A Livable Society in The Context of Hadiths
No full textOne of the biggest goals of the religion of Islam is undoubtedly to build a society where people can live in peace and happiness. In order to realize this purpose, Almighty Allah sent the Qur'an as a book of life and Muhammad (pbuh) as a guide. The Messenger of God built a strong and livable society by realizing the greatest social change in the history of humanity in a short period of time such as twenty-three years, which is the time of his prophethood. Thanks to the method he applied, a period that was accepted as the age of happiness lived in the history of Islam. In this study, the methods applied by the Prophet (pbuh) in building a livable society were examined within the framework of the information in the hadith sources; in the context of hadiths, the universal general principles of building a livable and strong society have been tried to be revealed
DİVAN ŞAİRİNİN KADİM DOSTU MEMİ
No full textKlasik Türk edebiyatında gazel; aşk duygusu merkezde olmak kaydıyla şairlerin duygu ve düşüncelerini ilettikleri, estetik kaygıları göz önünde alarak ideal güzeli aradıkları, şairlerin hünerlerini ortaya koydukları ve aşklarını ifade ettikleri bir nazım şeklidir. Gazelin muhtevasında çoğunlukla aşk, sevgi ve muhabbet bulunsa da şairler her zaman için farklı konuları da gazelin içerisinde işlemeye çalışmışlardır. Gazelde beyitler arasında konu bütünlüğünü sağlayan ve şairin estetik görüşlerini iletmekte bir ahenk unsuru olarak şaire yardımcı olan en önemli unsur ise rediftir. Yüzyıllar içerisinde binlerce farklı kelime şairler tarafından redif olarak kullanılmıştır. Bunlar içerisinde en dikkat çekici olanlarından bazıları ise erkek isimli rediflerdir. XV. yüzyıldan itibaren klasik edebiyat içerisinde kullanılan erkek isimli rediflerin içerisinde ise özellikle Memi ismi dikkat çeker. Çeşitli şairler tarafından gazelin merkezinde tutulan, özellikleri ve vasıfları anlatılan Memi, sonraki yüzyıllarda da birçok şair tarafından gazellerde redif olarak kullanılmıştır. Bir dost gibi şairin yanında yer alan ve okuyucuya göz kırpan Memi, bazen şairlerin dert yoldaşı bazen de şairin hasret duyduğu bir sevgili olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yüzyıllar içerisinde gazeller arasında okuyucunun karşısına ara ara çıkan Memi, belli ki şairler tarafından beğenilmiş ve zaman içerisinde ideal sevgilinin yerini almıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızdaki asıl amaç, Memi isminin redif olarak kullanıldığı gazellerin tespitini yaparak bu gazellerdeki Memi’nin edebî ve tarihî arka planını ortaya çıkarmak olacaktır