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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Restrictions for Inpatients with Aphasia and Associated Cognitive Dysfunction: Lessons Learned from Patient Detention
Get PDFWe describe two patients with a recent stroke or traumatic brain injury associated with aphasia and cognitive impairment who required detention (under the Mental Health Act) as well as some form of restraint during their inpatient rehabilitation. Each of these episodes of care occurred early into the COVID-19 pandemic and we speculate that the detention (and restraint) was attributable, at least in part, to the difficulty in comprehending COVID-19-related changes in patterns of staff interaction and the mandated social and visiting restrictions. We reflect on the impact of these restrictions on the need for detention and how these factors could have been mitigated through speech and language therapist (SLT) and broader multidisciplinary team (MDT) intervention.This research received no external funding.https://doi.org/10.3390/covid41201374pubpub1
MEMORY AND MUSEUM COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Get PDFIn the past two decades, numerous scholars have highlighted the value of engagement with memory in museum projects. However, what memory – a complex and multifaceted concept – actually refers to in such projects has previously not been investigated in depth. In this thesis, I explore how memory is used, understood and conceptualised in museum community engagement activities in Scotland. Adopting a multiple instrumental case study approach underpinned by the theoretical perspectives of bricolage, hermeneutic phenomenology and practice theory, I examine the memory work in community engagement projects at three museums: The Scottish Crannog Centre, The Devil’s Porridge Museum and The Open Museum. The proximity to living memory varies significantly across the projects – from prehistory, to the First World War, to present day autobiographical memories – and through this variety I expose the nuanced and disparate memory work in the different museum contexts. I examine how the work is shaped by sectoral, institutional and project infrastructures that make certain kinds of participatory and collaborative community engagement practice (im-)possible. Through a combination of interviews, observations and document analysis analysed through reflexive thematic analysis, I critically discuss what memory work looks like and how it is achieved, accounting for museum practitioners’ and project participants’ understandings of what memory ‘is’, where it exists and how they work with it. I present the key findings as three conceptual theses: 1) The Constitution of Memory and Memory Work in Museum Community Engagement; 2) Caring For and About Memory; and, 3) Problematisation as Product and Process. In offering a multiplicitious conceptualisation of memory and critical engagement with the factors that shape memory work, I propose a refined understanding of the meaning, impact and processes of memory work in museum community engagement spaces
The mnemonic potency of functional facts
Get PDFStuart Wilson - ORCID: 0000-0003-2119-5209
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-5209Learning and remembering what things are used for is a capacity that is central to successfully living in any human culture. The current paper investigates whether functional facts (information about what an object is used for) are remembered more efficiently compared with nonfunctional facts. Experiment 1 presented participants with images of functionally ambiguous objects associated with a (made-up) name and a (made-up) fact that could relate either to the object’s function or to something nonfunctional. Results show that recall of object names did not depend on whether they were associated with a functional or nonfunctional fact, while recall of the functional facts was significantly better than the nonfunctional facts. The second experiment replicated this main effect and further found that functional facts are remembered more efficiently after they have been associated with confirmatory (as opposed to disconfirmatory) feedback. It is suggested that semantic information is not unitary, and that one way of categorising semantic information is in terms of its adaptive relevance. Potential mechanisms are proposed and discussed, along with suggestions for future research.https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02617-x32pubpub
Resilience in interconnected community and formal health (and connected) systems
Get PDFSophie Witter - ORCID: 0000-0002-7656-6188
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-6188Enhancing the resilience of health systems to expected and unexpected shocks – from Covid-19 to the health impacts of climate change – is becoming a defining challenge of this century worldwide. To date, health system resilience research has focused on formal government health systems, yet emerging evidence points to the importance of families, communities and connected systems (such as disaster management, water, sanitation, social protection and gender disparities) that influence the health status of people, and health system functioning and capacities to respond to shocks. We argue that resilience capacities in both formal and community health systems, and connected systems, be considered in health system resilience conceptual frameworks, and that well-established literature on community resilience capacities from diverse disciplines can help frame research on community health system resilience.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmhs.2024.1000273pubpu
‘Now you’ve said it, it’s like a big light bulb!’: enacting post observation feedback suggestions
Get PDFHelen Donaghue - ORCID: 0000-0002-7227-7864
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-7864Teaching observations have become a ubiquitous feature of teacher education programmes, development schemes and assessment regimes. Whilst the processes and procedures of classroom observation are well documented, the feedback which follows teaching observations has been given less attention. Most research into teaching observations focuses on eliciting teachers’ perspectives on their experiences of being observed. In contrast, we examine two aspects vital to teacher development and enhanced teaching practice: (1) post observation feedback talk; (2) teachers’ enactment of feedback following the feedback session. This article argues that examining feedback talk and how talk may influence enactment can help both observers and teachers maximise the effectiveness of teaching observations. We focus on suggestions, a common way of helping teachers to develop and improve. We analyse empirical examples of authentic post observation feedback talk to explore how suggestions are made and responded to, identifying features of suggestions which prompt teacher understanding and enactment. Analysis enables us to provide observers with concrete advice on how to make suggestions, thus showing the practical affordances and methodological warrant of analysing feedback talk.This research was funded by the Research Institute Fund: Interdisciplinary research and innovation in response to the covid-19 pandemic, Sheffield Hallam University.https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2024.239130639pubpub
Kidney Beam - a cost-effective digital intervention to improve mental health.
Get PDFFrom Elsevier via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2024-08-27, issued 2024-09-02AM replaced with VoR 2024-11-27Background
There is inequity in provision of physical rehabilitation services for people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kidney BEAM trial evaluated the clinical value and cost effectiveness of a physical activity digital health intervention in CKD.
Methods
In a single-blind, 11 centre, randomised controlled trial, 340 adult participants with CKD were randomly assigned to either the Kidney BEAM physical activity digital health intervention or a waitlist control. This study assesses the difference in the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 1.3 Mental Component Summary (KDQoL-SF1.3 MCS) between intervention and control groups at 6 months, and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
Results
At 6 months there was a significant difference in mean adjusted change in KDQoL MCS score between Kidney BEAM and waitlist control (intention-to-treat adjusted mean: 5.9 {95% confidence interval: 4.4 to 7.5} arbitrary units, p<0.0001), and a 93% and 98% chance of the intervention being cost-effective at a willingness to pay threshold of £20,000 and £30,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained.
Conclusion
The Kidney BEAM physical activity digital health intervention is a clinically valuable and cost-effective means to improve mental health related quality of life in people with CKD (trial registration no. NCT04872933).9pubpub1
A scoping review of the residual barriers to skilled birth attendance in Ghana: A conceptual framework and a fish bone analysis
Get PDFFrom PLOS via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2023-07-06, collection 2024, accepted 2024-01-18, epub 2024-02-12Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge Professor Kielmann Karina, for her valuable contributions to this review.Publication status: PublishedSophie Witter - ORCID: 0000-0002-7656-6188
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-6188The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.1 is strongly dependent on the effective utilization of skilled birth services. Despite advancements made in Skilled Birth Attendance (SBA) in Ghana, there are still instances of unassisted childbirths taking place. The aim of this study was to explore the residual barriers of SBA such as community- and health system-related factors affecting SBA in Ghana and to identify strategies for addressing them. An electronic search was done using PubMed, Popline, Science direct, BioMed Central, Scopus and Google scholar for peer reviewed articles as well as grey articles from other relevant sources, published between 200 and 2022 on community- and health system related factors influencing SBA in Ghana. Out of the 89 articles retrieved for full screening, a total of 52 peer-reviewed articles and 1 grey article were selected for the final review. The study revealed that cultural practices (community factors), low quality of service delivery due to the inappropriate behaviors, lack of competency of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) as well as the inefficient distribution of SBAs contribute to ineffective uptake of SBA (health system factors). Also, indirect costs are associated with the utilization of skilled delivery care even with the existence of ‘free’ delivery care policy under the national health insurance (policy factor). For Ghana to achieve the SDGs above and improve SBA, it is essential to enhance the quality of skilled delivery care by addressing the attitude and competencies of skilled birth professionals, while plans are put in place to expand and develop the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) strategy to help address the access barriers to SBA. More so, the ‘free’ delivery care policy should absorb all the costs associated with skilled delivery for pregnant women as it is intended for.pubpu
Where grief education goes to die? A response to making learning about grief, death, and loss mandatory in Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence
Get PDFStephen C Scholes - ORCID: 0000-0002-5808-6121
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-6121This rapid response raises challenges to Dawson et al’s (2023) recent proposals for mandatory grief education in schools; in particular, it considers curriculum crowding, the limitations of legal mandates and initial-teacher education. It proposes collaborative working between specialist groups as a way forward.N/Ahttps://www.bereavementjournal.org/index.php/bcj/article/view/1137/1142https://doi.org/10.54210/bj.2024.11373pubpub
Navigating the Mind's Eye: Understanding Gaze Shifts in Visuospatial Bootstrapping
Get PDFData and materials supporting this work can be found at https://osf.io/sbijz/. Thanks are due to Lotje van der Linden for assistance creating our OpenSesame program, and to support from the National Cyber Security Centre to C.C.M. while this project was being conducted. We also gratefully acknowledge research assistance on pilot work we carried out from Dr. Jaroslaw R. Lelonkiewicz, Viktorija Pratuseviciute, and Lee Robson. Correspondence may be addressed to Candice C. Morey ([email protected]) or Teodor Y. Nikolov ([email protected]).Stephen Darling - ORCID: 0000-0001-7462-6311
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7462-6311Visuo-spatial bootstrapping refers to the well-replicated phenomena in which serial recall in a purely verbal task is boosted by presenting digits within the familiar spatial layout of a typical telephone keypad. The visuo-spatial bootstrapping phenomena indicates that additional support comes from long-term knowledge of a fixed spatial pattern, and prior experimentation supports the idea that access to this benefit depends on the availability of the visuo-spatial motor system (e.g., Allen et al., 2015). We investigate this by tracking participants’ eye movements during encoding and retention of verbal lists to learn whether gaze patterns support verbal memory differently when verbal information is presented in the familiar visual layout. Participants’ gaze was recorded during attempts to recall lists of seven digits in three formats: centre of the screen, typical telephone keypad, or a spatially identical layout with randomized number placement. Performance was better with the typical than with the novel layout. Our data show that eye movements differ when encoding and retaining verbal information that has a familiar layout compared with the same verbal information presented in a novel layout, suggesting recruitment of different spatial rehearsal strategies. However, no clear link between gaze pattern and recall accuracy was observed, which suggests that gazes play a limited role in retention, at best.78pubpub
How Does the Social Wavefunction Impact Sustainable Economic Growth and a Country’s Competitiveness? An Empirical Study of India
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