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A study of the pathological effect of isolated Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular protease on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
No full textA comparison was made between the effects of Aeromonas salmonidda extracellular protease and total extracellular products (ECP) following intramuscular injection into juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Thus, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.5 units of salt-free protease in 0.2 ml water were compared with ECP preparations with the same levels of proteolytic activity. The highest concentration of ECP produced a gross pathology with a large furuncular lesion 36 h after injection. The corresponding protease preparation had a lesser effect, although a furuncle was formed and tissue liquefaction was produced. These effects were less marked with reduced concentrations. At the lowest level studied, no significant effect was observed with protease alone but ECP (0.8 _g of protein) produced a small, characteristic lesion similar to that achieved with 5 units of isolated protease.sch_die9pub3011pub
A comparison of the distribution of extracellular proteins produced by the protease-secreting organism Aeromonas salmonicida during aerobic and anaerobic growth
No full textAeromonas salmonicida was grown aerobically and anaerobically in supplemented 3% (w/v) tryptone soya broth medium for 24 h at 25 degrees C. Although the bacterial density achieved was 4.9 times higher in the aerobic culture, the exoprotein produced per unit of bacterial dry weight was only 1.9 times higher than in the anaerobic culture. However, the protease activity of the exoprotein showed a marked reduction anaerobically, being only one-tenth of that of the exoprotein produced aerobically. This finding was consistent with the differing SDS-PAGE patterns of the extracellular proteins from the two cultures, which also showed marked loss and reinforcement of other, as yet unidentified extracellular products.sch_die137Apub3010pub
Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular virulence factors: The common components [Project Report]
No full textsch_diepub3005pu
The production and assessment of monoclonal antibodies to cortisol
No full textIn an extensive series of experiments, Balb/C mice and Lou rats were immunised with 3-0-(carboxymethyl)oximinocortisol conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The spleen cells from selected animals were fused with cells from mouse or rat plasmacytoma lines. Out of many hundreds of hybridomas screened, more than seventy produced antibody that bound 125I-labeled cortisol. These cultures were investigated further for stability of antibody production, affinity for cortisol and cross-reactivity with other steroids. An unexpected but consistent finding was that immunised rats produced antibody which cross-reacted with 11-deoxycortisol to a level greater than 100% and this characteristic was reproduced by rat-rat hybridomas. Strategies designed to improve the chances of generating non-cross-reactive anti-cortisol monoclonal antibodies did not appear to be successful. Nevertheless, several monoclonals were identified with properties that suggest they may be useful for the development of sensitive and specific cortisol assays.sch_die45pub1173pub
Comparison of the distribution and nervous innervation of the sensilla on the labrum of Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer) and Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera : Gryllidae), and an account of their development in A. domesticus
No full textItem is not available in this repository.The labra of Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer) and Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera : Gryllidae) were studied to reveal the distribution and nervous innervation of the sensilla, in order to provide morphological evidence of their function. Employing scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, 9 types of sensilla are reported in G. bimaculatus and 10 types in A. domesticus. Of these sensilla, types 1 - 4 have setae ranging in size from 5 - 420 _m in G. bimaculatus and from 3 - 470 _m in A. domesticus. Secretory pores, coeloconic pegs, basiconic pegs and campaniform sensilla have been recorded in both species, while sensilla ampullacea are only present in A. domesticus. The different types of sensilla are found in discrete groups on the posterior surface of the labrum, but they are more randomly distributed on the anterior surface. The detailed innervation of the sensilla was revealed by means of nickel chloride infusion, followed by intensification using Timm's sulphide - silver technique. The labra of both species are innervated by 2 major branches of the labral nerve. Each sensillum is usually innervated by a bipolar neurone, although some sensilla have been shown to be innervated by multiterminal neurones. The dimensions and shapes of the cell bodies and dendrites are provided and differences between the 2 species are identified. In general, the cell bodies and dendrites are larger in G. bimaculatus than they are in A. domesticus. The development of the sensilla through the nymphal instars to the adult is reported for A. domesticus. It is shown that for some types of sensilla, (types 8 and 13), the number remains constant throughout the developmental period, in some (type 1), the adult complement of sensilla is attained in the early instars, for others, (types 2, 6, 7, 9 and 10), there is a steady increase throughout development, while in others (types 3 and 4), sudden increases occur at specific moults.sch_pod13pub952pub
Water and electrolyte balance in subjects with a permanent ileostomy.
Full text linkWater and electrolyte balance has been studied in 39 patients with a permanent ileostomy, who had had a proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. The findings have been compared with those in 39 healthy subjects who were matched for age and sex. The ileostomists were found to lose excessive quantities of water and sodium in the ileostomy effluent compared with the corresponding losses in normal faeces. The mean plasma total protein and albumin concentrations were increased in the ileostomists suggesting a state of chronic dehydration. The daily urinary output of sodium was low and the output of potassium was high. The urinary pH was low. The ileostomists had raised mean concentration of aldosterone in the plasma (p less than 0.001) and it is suggested that this is responsible for the body's partial compensation for the depletion of sodium and water, including the so-called ileostomy adaptation.sch_die1 Gallagher ND, Harrison DD, Skyring AP. Fluid and
electrolyte disturbances in patients with long-term
established ileostomies. Gut 1962; 3: 219-23.
2 Clarke AM, Chirnside A, Hill GL, Pope G. Chronic
dehydration and sodium depletion with established
ileostomies. Lancet 1967; 2: 740-3.
3 Hill GL, Goligher JC, Smith AH, Mair WSJ. Longterm
changes in total body water, total exchangeable
sodium and total body potassium before and after
ileostomy. Br J Surg 1975; 62: 524-7.
4 Turnberg LA, Morris AI, Hawker PC, Herman KJ,
Shields RA, Horth CE. Intracellular electrolyte
depletion in patients with ileostomies. Gut 1978; 19:
563-8.
5 Isaacs PET, Horth CE, Turnberg LA. The electrical
potential difference across human ileostomy mucosa.
Gastroenterdlogy 1976; 70: 52-8.
6 Harrison EM, Gallon S. Venous blood as an alternative
to arterial blood for the measurement of carbon dioxide
tensions. Br J Anaesth 1965; 37: 13-8.
7 Forster HV, Dempsey JA, Thomson J, Vidrak E,
Dopico GA. Estimation of arterial P02, PC02, pH
and lactate from arterialised venous blood. J Appl Phys
1972; 32: 134-7.
8 France CJ, Eger EI, Bendixen HH. The use of
peripheral venous blood for pH and carbon dioxide
tension determinations during general anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 1974; 40: 311-4.
9 Stockigt JR, Collins RD, Biglierri EG. Determination
of plasma renin concentration by angiotensin-1
immunoassay. Circ Res 1971; 28: suppl 11: 175-91.
10 AI-Dujaili EAS, Edwards CRW. The development and
application of a direct radioimmunoassay for plasma
aldosterone using 125 I-labelled ligand-comparison of
three methods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978; 46:
105-13.
1 lPaul AA, Southgate DAT, eds. McCance and
Widdowson's The composition of foods, 4th ed.
London: HMSO, 1978.
12 Wrong OM. The role of the human colon in
homeostasis. In: The scientific basis of medicine annual
reviews. London: Athlone Press, 1971: 195.
13 Crawford N, Brooke BN. Ileostomy chemistry. Lancet
1957; 1: 864-7.
14 Smiddy FH, Gregory SD, Smith IB, Goligher JC.
Faecal loss of fluid, electrolytes and nitrogen in colitis
before and after ileostomy. Lancet 1960; 1: 14-9.
15 Nuguid TP, Bacon HE, Boutwell J. An investigation of
the volume of output and chemical content of ileal
discharges following total colectomy and ileostomy.
Surg Gynecol Obstet 1961; 113: 733-42.
16 Kramer P, Kearney MM, Ingelfinger FJ. The effect of
specific foods and water loading on the ileal excreta of
ileostomized human subjects. Gastroenterology 1962;
42: 535-46.
17 Kanaghinis T, Lubran M, Coghill NF. The composition
of ileostomy fluid. Gut 1963; 4: 322-38.
18 King RFGJ, Millward S, Hill GL. Chemistry of ileal
fluid in well-functioning ileostomies. (Abstract.) Gut
1978; 19: A456.
19 Kennedy HJ, Lee ECG, Claridge G, Truelove SC. The
health of subjects living with a permanent ileostomy. Q
J Med 1982; 51: 341-57.
20 Clarke AM, McKenzie RG. Ileostomy and the risk of
urinary uric acid stones. Lancet 1961; 2: 395-7.
21 Singer AM, Bennett RC, Carter NG, Hughes ESR.
Blood and urinary changes in patients with ileostomies
and ileorectal anastomoses. Br Med J 1973; 3: 141-3.
22 Hill JR, Mair WSJ, Goligher JC. Impairment of
ileostomy adaptation in patients after ileal resection.
Gut 1974; 15: 982-7.
23 Phillips SF, Giller J. The contribution of the colon to
electrolyte and water conservation in man. J Lab Clin
Med 1973; 81: 733-46.
24 Debongnie JC, Phillips SF. Capacity of the human
colon to absorb fluid. Gastroenterology 1978; 74:
698-703.
25 MacGregor IL, Wiley ZD, Sleisenger MH. The role of
bile acids;in determining ileal flow rates in normal
subjects following ileostomy. Digestion 1978; 18: 192-
200.
26 LeVeen HH, Lyons A, Becker E. Physiological
adaptation to ileostomy. Am J Surg 1962; 103: 35-43.
27 Hill GL, Mair WSJ, Edwards JP, Goligher JC.
Decreased trypsin and bile acids in ileal fistula drainage
during the administration of a chemically defined liquid
elemental diet. Br J Surg 1976; 63: 133-6.
28 Wrong OM. Disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract. In:
Thompson RHS, Wootton IDP, eds. Biochemical
disorders in human disease. London: Churchill, 1970:
661-88.24pub1186pub
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