10137 research outputs found
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Aging Adults and Mental Health: Engaging in Meaningful Occupations
No full textItem is not available in this repository.Michelle Perryman-Fox - ORCID: 0000-0003-4462-2154
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-2154This chapter provides introductory knowledge regarding older adult’s mental health factors and diagnoses, barriers, and facilitators to engagement in desired and needed occupations. Older adults can experience changes in their occupational functioning, physical, and mental health that warrant occupational therapy mental health services, though actors such as ageism, lack of accessibility, and practitioner gaps in knowledge can impact mental health care access. In serving older adults in mental health settings, occupational therapy practitioners can use a variety of screening and assessment tools, including the occupational profile, in collaborating with the older adult to identify critical occupations and personal goals for treatment. Interventions can address prevention, health and wellness promotion, medication management, cognitive and emotional regulation, instrumental and activities of daily living, grief, leisure, socialization, and more. Interprofessional care team members collaborate with occupational therapists across the therapy process in ensuring holistic care for older adults with mental health challenges and prepare older adults for discharge and health maintenance. Across the chapter, two case studies are used to explore these occupational therapy processes for two older adults who engage in occupational therapy services. © 2025 Elsevier Inc., its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.pubpu
A cross sectional survey of physiotherapists views on the role of extended scope practitioner within oncology
No full textItem is not available in this repository.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to inform the development of what would be defined as an extended scope practitioner (ESP) within cancer care in the United Kingdom. As a result of COVID-19 we have witnessed the strength and flexibility of our workforce, where multiple professionals were retrained and upskilled to take on tasks traditionally seen as the domain of one profession. Now more than ever the need to extend physiotherapy practice within oncology in order to mitigate the impact COVID-19 has had on cancer screening and routine diagnostic work of patients with cancer, is imperative. However, comparatively to our musculoskeletal and respiratory colleagues, little research about such extended scope practitioner roles within oncology exist. The overall aim of this research was to explore the shared understanding of the meaning, definition, and requirements of the role of extended scope practice within oncologyhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2024.04.219123pubpubSupplement
Using Palliative Care Needs Rounds in the UK for care home staff and residents: an implementation science study
Get PDFBrendan McCormack - ORCID: 0000-0001-8525-8905
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-8905Background
Care home residents often lack access to end-of-life care from specialist palliative care providers. Palliative Care Needs Rounds, developed and tested in Australia, is a novel approach to addressing this.
Objective
To co-design and implement a scalable UK model of Needs Rounds.
Design
A pragmatic implementation study using the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework.
Setting
Implementation was conducted in six case study sites (England, n = 4, and Scotland, n = 2) encompassing specialist palliative care service working with three to six care homes each.
Participants
Phase 1: interviews (n = 28 care home staff, specialist palliative care staff, relatives, primary care, acute care and allied health practitioners) and four workshops (n = 43 care home staff, clinicians and managers from specialist palliative care teams and patient and public involvement and engagement representatives). Phase 2: interviews (n = 58 care home and specialist palliative care staff); family questionnaire (n = 13 relatives); staff questionnaire (n = 171 care home staff); quality of death/dying questionnaire (n = 81); patient and public involvement and engagement evaluation interviews (n = 11); fidelity assessment (n = 14 Needs Rounds recordings).
Interventions
(1) Monthly hour-long discussions of residents’ physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs, alongside case-based learning, (2) clinical work and (3) relative/multidisciplinary team meetings.
Main outcome measures
A programme theory describing what works for whom under what circumstances with UK Needs Rounds. Secondary outcomes focus on health service use and cost effectiveness, quality of death and dying, care home staff confidence and capability, and the use of patient and public involvement and engagement.
Data sources
Semistructured interviews and workshops with key stakeholders from the six sites; capability of adopting a palliative approach, quality of death and dying index, and Canadian Health Care Evaluation Project Lite questionnaires; recordings of Needs Rounds; care home data on resident demographics/health service use; assessments and interventions triggered by Needs Rounds; semistructured interviews with academic and patient and public involvement and engagement members.
Results
The programme theory: while care home staff experience workforce challenges such as high turnover, variable skills and confidence, Needs Rounds can provide care home and specialist palliative care staff the opportunity to collaborate during a protected time, to plan for residents’ last months of life. Needs Rounds build care home staff confidence and can strengthen relationships and trust, while harnessing services’ complementary expertise. Needs Rounds strengthen understandings of dying, symptom management, advance/anticipatory care planning and communication. This can improve resident care, enabling residents to be cared for and die in their preferred place, and may benefit relatives by increasing their confidence in care quality.
Limitations
COVID-19 restricted intervention and data collection. Due to an insufficient sample size, it was not possible to conduct a cost–benefit analysis of Needs Rounds or calculate the treatment effect or family perceptions of care.
Conclusions
Our work suggests that Needs Rounds can improve the quality of life and death for care home residents, by enhancing staff skills and confidence, including symptom management, communications with general practitioners and relatives, and strengthen relationships between care home and specialist palliative care staff.This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR128799) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 12, No. 19. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.https://doi.org/10.3310/KRWQ5829pubpu
Creative Research Methods for Critical Event Studies
No full textRebecca Finkel - ORCID: 0000-0003-2120-6211
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-6211Events, in their multitude of forms, are generally understood to be creative endeavours (Silvers, 2012). From design through to implementation of spectacle, they draw on creative skills to deliver experiences that entertain and inspire the audience. Thus, it can be argued that creativity in events requires creativity in researching events. It is from this basis that we, as phenomenological researchers of experiential environments, inquire, are we actually employing similarly creative approaches to research events? In her comprehensive assessment of creative methods, Kara (2020) comments that creativity in research can help us address societal questions that traditional methods cannot, but they are no less robust. Thus far, within event and festival studies, we are yet to see a comprehensive assessment of the use of creative methods. This book will fill that gap whilst complementing work on research methods for critical event studies (Lamond and Platt, 2016).
Creative research methods are not simply confined to arts-based methods, nor are they always qualitative in approach. Creativity is also not just about data collection or dissemination. Like all good research that is robust and well designed, creativity must emerge from research questions and contexts of the work. Creativity is not a bolt-on or an afterthought. Creativity can be both methodology and method. In this regard, using creative research methods emerges from the onto-epistemological foundations of the research.
Traditional research methods have potential to constrain researchers from understanding complex social issues around events and festivals. They also can marginalise some participants from having a voice in research. It is our contention that employing creative methodologies/methods in how we study events and festivals can facilitate more inclusive approaches to research that do not favour dominant hegemonic narratives and provide diverse perspectives. It is through richer findings that critical event studies can advance as a subject field.
For this edited collection, we will present work from across disciplines and methodologies. It will cover what falls/emerges between the cracks, including new pathways or lessons learned from researching during the pandemic and other challenging landscapes. Each chapter will examine creative methodology and/or methods in the event and festival context using case study example(s), or address issues associated with using creative research methods (e.g., ethics). Each chapter will provide a simple ‘how to’ set of guidelines to help researchers to consider employing creative methods in their own work, or a series of ‘think points’ to develop ethical practices. In particular, this will be useful for students studying events and festivals at undergraduate and postgraduate level and provide them with empirical as well as conceptual guidance.https://www.routledge.com/Creative-Research-Methods-for-Critical-Event-Studies/Platt-Finkel-Sharp/p/book/978103268640
Supporting Autistic Pupils in the EAL Classroom
No full textItem is restricted in this repository.This chapter focuses on how to optimally support autistic children in the EAL classroom. There has been a seismic shift in recent years towards a social model of autism, which is described here, beginning with introducing what autism is (and what it is not). The chapter begins by providing an overview of recent findings relating to social communication skills and how these findings are crucial to implementing inclusive practice in the classroom. This chapter focuses on the implications of autism for learning, language development, and English language learning, suggesting strategies to support pupils’ learning by leveraging their strengths and harnessing their interests. A comprehensive review of the current evidence regarding the intersection of autism and additional language learning, such as English, is presented. The chapter addresses common misconceptions about bilingualism for autistic children. It then presents evidence regarding the different effects of bilingualism on the thinking and learning skills of autistic children, before reporting on the relationship between bilingualism and the lived experiences of autistic people themselves. Finally, the chapter explores recommendations for good practice when supporting autistic pupils in their bilingual development and their learning of English as an additional language, with a particular focus on education research in the EAL classroom.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66532-5_16pubpu
A review of the enhanced CJD surveillance feasibility study in the elderly in Scotland, UK
Get PDFFrom Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2023-03-01, registration 2023-12-01, accepted 2023-12-01, epub 2024-01-03, online 2024-01-03, collection 2024-12Acknowledgements: Our sincere thanks and appreciation go to Tracy Millar and Chris Lerperniere for their help in coordinating authorisations of brain tissue donations and post-mortem investigations.Publication status: PublishedBackground: Variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (vCJD) arose from dietary contamination with bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy (BSE). Because of concerns that vCJD-cases might be missed in the elderly, a feasibility study of enhanced CJD surveillance on the elderly was begun in 2016. Recruitment was lower than predicted. We describe a review of the challenges encountered in that study: identification, referral, and recruitment, and the effects of actions based on the results of that review. Methods: Review was conducted in 2017. Study data for all eligible cases identified and referred from one participating service (Anne Rowling clinic (ARC)) was curated and anonymised in a bespoke database. A questionnaire was sent out to all the clinicians in medicine of the elderly, psychiatry of old age and neurology (including ARC) specialties in NHS Lothian, exploring possible reasons for low recruitment. Results: Sixty-eight cases were referred from the ARC (March 2016-September 2017): 25% were recruited. Most cases had been referred because of diagnostic uncertainty. No difference was seen between those recruited and the non-recruited, apart from age and referrer. Twelve of 60 participating clinicians completed the questionnaire: only 4 had identified eligible cases. High workload, time constraints, forgetting to refer, unfamiliarity with the eligibility criteria, and the rarity of eligible cases, were some of the reasons given. Suggestions as to how to improve referral of eligible cases included: regular email reminders, feedback to referrers, improving awareness of the study, visible presence of the study team, and integration of the study with other research oriented services. These results were used to increase recruitment but without success. Conclusion: Recruitment was lower than predicted. Actions taken following a review at 21 months did not lead to significant improvement; recruitment remained low, with many families/patients declining to take part (75%). In assessing the failure to improve recruitment, two factors need to be considered. Firstly, the initial referral rate was expected to be higher because of existing patients already known to the clinical services, with later referrals being only newly presenting patients. Secondly, the unplanned absence of a dedicated study nurse. Searching digital records/anonymised derivatives to identify eligible patients could be explored.pubpu
“It represents her in play” Parental Views on Commercial Toys that Represent Disability
No full textSian Jones - ORCID: 0000-0002-2399-1017
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-1017AM replaced with VoR 2024-03-08.Toys representing disability are now commercially available, yet there
has been limited exploration of parental perspectives on these toys. This
study explored parents’ and carers’ views of toys that represented
disability through a pre-registered online survey of N = 83 parents of
children aged between 0 and 14 years old. In a repeated measures
design, parents viewed images of commercially available toys. We
measured their child’s previous direct contact with a disabled person,
their perceived likelihood that their child would enjoy playing with that
toy, and parents’ open-ended views on why they thought their child
would or would not enjoy that toy. We found that significantly more
parents of older disabled children and younger non-disabled children
thought their child would choose to play with representative dolls. Open ended responses indicated that this finding may have occurred because
parents of disabled children (vs. non-disabled children) valued the
representation afforded by the toys. In this way, we show that parents
value representation and accessibility particularly when they are a parent
of a disabled child themselves. Our study highlights when parents may
bring disability-representative toys into the toy box in ways that promote
inclusion.inpressinpres
A scoping review protocol on precarious work in a European context
No full textItem is not available in this repository.https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.4.0039pubpu
Assessing New York City's COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout Strategy: A Case for Risk-Informed Distribution.
Get PDFFrom PubMed via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2024-03-08Publication status: aheadofprintDaniel Reidpath - ORCID: 0000-0002-8796-0420
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-0420This study reviews the impact of eligibility policies in the early rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine on coverage and probable outcomes, with a focus on New York City. We conducted a retrospective ecological study assessing age 65+, area-level income, vaccination coverage, and COVID-19 mortality rates, using linked Census Bureau data and New York City Health administrative data aggregated at the level of modified zip code tabulation areas (MODZCTA). The population for this study was all individuals in 177 MODZCTA in New York City. Population data were obtained from Census Bureau and New York City Health administrative data. The total mortality rate was examined through an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, using area-level wealth, the proportion of the population aged 65 and above, and the vaccination rate among this age group as predictors. Low-income areas with high proportions of older people demonstrated lower coverage rates (mean vaccination rate 52.8%; maximum coverage 67.9%) than wealthier areas (mean vaccination rate 74.6%; maximum coverage 99% in the wealthiest quintile) in the first 3 months of vaccine rollout and higher mortality over the year. Despite vaccine shortages, many younger people accessed vaccines ahead of schedule, particularly in high-income areas (mean coverage rate 60% among those 45-64 years in the wealthiest quintile). A vaccine program that prioritized those at greatest risk of COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality would have prevented more deaths than the strategy that was implemented. When rolling out a new vaccine, policymakers must account for local contexts and conditions of high-risk population groups. If New York had focused limited vaccine supply on low-income areas with high proportions of residents 65 or older, overall mortality might have been lower. [Abstract copyright: © 2024. The Author(s).]101pubpub
A clinical audit of the Emergency Department: Doctors' opinions on the diagnosis and management of cervical spine radiculopathy
Get PDFFrom Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2024-02-15, rev-recd 2024-03-13, accepted 2024-03-18, epub 2024-03-29, ppub 2024-06Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedPatricia McDonnell - ORCID:0009-0000-4254-2930
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4254-2930Kavi Jagadamma - ORCID: 0000-0003-2011-0744
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-0744Objective: A clinical audit was carried out on the opinions of doctors working in the Emergency Department (ED) of a large urban hospital regarding the diagnosis and management of cervical spine radiculopathy (CSR). Using international guidelines and current research, it aimed to determine if patients attending this ED were diagnosed and managed in line with best practice, and to identify any discrepancies or areas for improvement in relation to this. Method: Doctors working in this ED were sent an online questionnaire and descriptive analysis was performed on the results to ascertain how they diagnose and manage patients who present with symptoms of CSR. It covered; presentation and definitions of CSR, identification of red flags, clinical tests used, diagnostic test criteria, appropriate management, education and advice given, and the criteria for further management. Additionally, it looked at their opinion on the services' needs. Results: Most agreed that CSR will improve within 4 weeks with non‐operative management; however, there was a lack of consensus regarding the most affected nerve root, differential diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic tests. Opinions aligned regarding the identification of red flags and early management, especially with widespread neurological deficits. However, the management of ongoing pain or new neurological signs, differed between clinicians. Most participants strongly agreed that access to MRIs affected referrals within an ED episode. Conclusion: Overall, the opinions matched recommended guidelines; however, some gaps in knowledge and differing management approaches were identified, indicating the need for ongoing education and standardisation of management.22pubpub
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