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Predictors of discharge from hospital to supported accommodation and support needs once in supported accommodation for people with serious mental illness in Scotland: a linked national dataset study.
Get PDFMichele Harrison - ORCID: 0000-0001-6088-2998
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-2998Donald Maciver - ORCID: 0000-0002-6173-429X
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6173-429XAM replaced with VoR 2024-09-23Background: Many individuals with serious mental illness live in supported accommodation. Decisions regarding type of supported accommodation required and level of support to meet individual’s needs are crucial for continuing rehabilitation and recovery following admission to hospital. This study aimed to identify personal and contextual predictive factors for (1) discharge from hospital to different levels of supported accommodation and (2) self-directed support needs of individuals with serious mental illness once they are in supported accommodation in Scotland.
Method: Linked data from the Scottish Morbidity Record – Scottish Mental Health and Inpatient Day Case Section and the Scottish Government Social Care Survey were analysed using multinomial regression and multivariable logistic regression to identify personal and contextual factors associated with accommodation destination at the time of discharge and four self-directed support needs: personal care; domestic care; healthcare; social, educational and recreational.
Results: Personal factors (age and having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizotypal or delusional disorder) were associated with individuals moving to supported accommodation with higher levels of support. One contextual factor, compulsory detention when admitted to hospital, decreased the likelihood of moving to any type of supported accommodation. The personal and contextual factors associated with identified self-directed support needs varied by need. Support provided by the local authority was associated with all self-directed support needs, with having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizotypal or delusional disorder associated with identifying domestic care, healthcare and social, educational and recreational needs, while living in the most deprived areas was associated with identifying healthcare needs. Advancing age and being compulsorily detained decreased the likelihood of identifying a social, educational and recreational needs.
Conclusion: The study highlights that older men with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizotypal or
delusional disorder require higher levels of support upon discharge from hospital. When living in
supported accommodation having this diagnosis increases the likelihood of identifying support with
looking after the home, looking after their health and social and recreational activities, however being
older decreases the likelihood of identifying support with social and recreational activities.Scottish Government
Joint Information Systems Committeepubpu
Qualitative system dynamics modelling to support the design and implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control measures in South African primary health care facilities
Get PDFFrom Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2024-08-31, issued 2024-08-31Publication status: PublishedFunder: Gcrf; Grant(s): CCF17-7779 ES/P008011/1Karin Diaconu - ORCID: 0000-0002-5810-9725
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-9725Aaron Karat - ORCID: 0000-0001-9643-664X
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-664XKarina Kielmann - ORCID: 0000-0001-5519-1658
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5519-1658AM replaced with VoR 25/11/2024.Tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB IPC) measures are a cornerstone of policy, but measures are diverse and variably implemented. Limited attention has been paid to the health system environment which influences successful implementation of these measures. We used qualitative system dynamics and group-model-building methods 1) develop a qualitative causal map of the interlinked drivers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission in South African primary health care facilities which in turn, helped us to 2) identify plausible IPC interventions to reduce risk of transmission. Two one-day participatory workshops were held in 2019 with policy- and decision-makers at national and provincial level, and patient advocates and health professionals at clinic and district level. Causal loop diagrams were generated by participants and combined by investigators. The research team reviewed diagrams to identify the drivers of nosocomial transmission of Mtb in primary health care facilities. Interventions proposed by participants were mapped onto diagrams to identify anticipated mechanisms of action and effect. Three systemic drivers were identified: 1) Mtb nosocomial transmission is driven by bottlenecks in patient flow at given times; 2) IPC implementation and clinic processes are anchored within a staff “culture of nominal compliance”; and 3) limited systems-learning at policy level inhibits effective clinic management and IPC implementation. Interventions prioritised by workshop participants included infrastructural, organisational, and behavioural strategies that target three areas: 1) improve air quality; 2) improve use of personal protective equipment; and 3) reduce the number of individuals in the clinic. In addition to core mechanisms, participants elaborated specific additional enablers that would help sustain implementation. Qualitative system dynamics modelling (SDM) methods allowed us to capture stakeholder views and potential solutions to address the problem of sub-optimal TB IPC implementation. The participatory elements of SDM facilitated problem-solving and inclusion of multiple factors frequently neglected when considering implementation.39pubpub1
A qualitative investigation of a virtual community music and music therapy intervention: A Scottish–American collaboration
Get PDFHannah Quigley - ORCID: 0000-0002-8948-0703
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-0703This study investigates the experiences of people involved in a virtual intervention involving community music and music therapy for individuals with autism. The intervention blends conventional music therapy and community music approaches. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many community music and music therapy projects shifted to an online format and there is a resultant need to understand more about how virtual music interventions may be of benefit for individuals with autism. We report on the design, implementation, and outcomes of one such intervention. Over an 8-week period, community musicians and music therapists (music facilitators) based in Scotland and America delivered 16 music sessions, which were recorded using the Zoom software. During the sessions the participants wrote, performed, and recorded two songs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two of the participants, using video elicitation techniques, and six of the facilitators. Data were analyzed thematically. The intervention was found to (1) enable participants to explore their personal narratives, (2) promote self-perceptions of achievement, and (3) provide evidence of mastery, creativity, and self-expression. An international collaboration made possible by technology enabled facilitators to work remotely and participants to make use of new opportunities for engagement. This article demonstrates how community music practices focusing on participation and music therapy approaches focusing on clinical outcomes can be integrated. We present the online environment as its own social milieu in which creativity and connection can be explored in new ways.https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864924122761528pubpub
Transformations and transgressions: explorations of ‘restricted’ leisure during COVID-19 [Introduction]
No full textFrom Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2024-02-06, published 2024-02-06Publication status: PublishedItem is not available in this repository.Rebecca Finkel - ORCID: 0000-0003-2120-6211
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-6211pubpu
Civic humanitarianism: Glasgow, the Great War, and Belgian refugees
No full textKieran Taylor - ORCID: 0009-0005-2392-1747
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2392-1747Item is not available in this repository.Over the course of the First World War, around 250,000 refugees came to Britain from Belgium fleeing the German invasion of their country. Scotland hosted around 20,000 of these migrants. Glasgow Corporation, the city’s municipal government, assumed national responsibility for the refugees’ care across Scotland for the duration of the War. In organizing this humanitarian relief, the Corporation drew upon the support of a wide range of individuals, institutions, and organizations. These bodies came together to host refugees and provide financial assistance for their relief. This chapter offers an overview of the Scottish contribution made toward Belgian refugees during the First World War. The chapter begins by contextualizing relief efforts made in Glasgow with those carried out elsewhere in Britain and in Europe during the First World War. Following this, the city of Glasgow’s role in assisting Belgian refugees is considered. It is argued that the work of Glasgow Corporation created a humanitarian legacy. The chapter contends that the relief of Belgian refugees in Glasgow during the First World War prefigured later attempts to assist refugees in Scotland during the 20th century. International humanitarianism and the assistance of those fleeing oppression and warfare became important to Glasgow’s local politics, its civic culture, and to wider Scottish political identity in the 20th century. Ideas of hospitality and traditions of welcome continue to be mobilized in relation to the projection of ideas around refugees and migrants in contemporary Scotland.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003472742pubpu
PRESENTING THE STATE OF GOLD MINING AFFAIRS IN GHANA: A SCOPING REVIEW TO INFORM NATIONAL POLICY PRIORITIES.
No full textBackground: Just like any other mineral rich country, Ghana is burdened with huge economic, health, social, and environmental challenges associated with gold mining activities (GMA). Literature shows massive societal gains as the result of the gold mining industry. However, there is substantial gap in literature on the effects and impact of gold mining on community’s health and livelihood. There is also lack of clarity on the response actions being undertaken by key stakeholders such as the government, mining companies and community members to address negative effects. This review therefore presents an overview of how GMA in Ghana affects communities’ health and livelihood and describes the various response actions that stakeholders have resorted to cope, or deal with the negative effects.
Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in 3 databases (PubMed, Medline, and Scopus) and additional sources of evidence sought from 2 Ghana University databases, grey literature, social media, and websites. Data was extracted and imported into Excel for screening and 33 sources of evidence were included in this review. The scoping review was conducted based on the 6-stage methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley and JBI Manuel for Scoping Reviews synthesis. The review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.
Results: The analysis of 33 sources of evidence highlights a growing interest in the gold mining industry, with over one-third (19) of the sources published since 2019. This review reveals the complex, non-linear effects of gold mining activities, encompassing reduced agricultural productivity, land-use conflicts, economic challenges, heightened disease burden, and potential health risks. Furthermore, it delineates the distinct roles played by gold mining corporations, the Ghanaian government, and local communities in addressing the adverse impacts of gold mining activities.
Research Implication: While there exists a wealth of data on the environmental and health effects of gold mining in Ghana, much of it is derived from laboratory investigations and cross-sectional studies, with disproportionate attention placed on the activities of illegal miners (Galamsey). There are limited studies from community perspectives, so participatory research with communities is needed. The review also highlights the need for implementation research that will measure the effectiveness of interventions in improving economic livelihood, safety, and health of communities.
Conclusion: Living in close proximity to gold mining companies exposes individuals and communities to various adverse effects on their health and livelihoods, even if they are not directly engaged in gold mining activities. Therefore, there is a critical need for a national shift in research, interventions, and policies to achieve an equilibrium between socioeconomic gains and health
DIABETES PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN NIGERIA: EXPLORING THE RESPONSE OF THE HEALTH SECTOR.
No full textIntroduction:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) arising from disorders in carbohydrate metabolism. It affects about 422 million people worldwide and prevalence has been shown to be on the increase in Nigeria with an estimated 4 million affected people. Besides the effect on the quality of life, the disease poses an economic burden on the individuals, families and the Nigerian health systems. Thus, necessitating a review of the response towards prevention and control by the healthcare sector, the challenges as well as the existing policies. This will help determine how to move forward with current policies as well as how to implement better best practices.
Methods:
A desk study is carried out to explore the responses for diabetes prevention and control, policies and challenges of the Nigerian healthcare sector. This study was guided by the 2021 framework for action on diabetes prevention and control in the WHO eastern Mediterranean region to identify challenges of diabetes prevention and control. Also guiding this review is the Non-communicable disease (NCDs) policies programme theory by Loffreda et al. (2023) to identify existing policies in Nigeria.
Results:
Nigeria has demonstrated commendable efforts in implementing public health education and awareness as strategies for diabetes prevention and control. Findings show that there are challenges of poor knowledge of best diabetes care practices among healthcare professionals as well as insufficient number of workers in the healthcare facilities. In addition, the healthcare institutions especially at the primary healthcare levels were noted to be poorly equipped to manage DM. Finally, it was discovered that the policies for diabetes prevention and control were poorly implemented. All these findings have been linked to challenges in healthcare financing and poor leadership.
Conclusions:
Despite the increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus, Nigeria has made little progress in diabetes care as well as implementing prevention and control policies. It is suggested that the country looks into improving on human resources, health institutions and healthcare financing
Exploring the Relationship between Disparities in Intra-household Resources Allocation during Childhood and Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood
No full textBackground: This systematic literature review aims to examine the complex interplay between childhood intra-household resource allocation and their impact on mental health outcomes in adulthood. A comprehensive analysis was conducted by including 12 relevant studies, employing a methodology rooted in a systematic literature review and thematic narrative synthesis.
Methodology: A systematic search of literature databases was undertaken to identify studies exploring the nexus of childhood resource disparities and adult mental health outcomes. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for in-depth analysis. The thematic narrative synthesis method was employed to synthesize key findings and identify overarching themes across the selected studies.
Results: The synthesis revealed five principal themes, aligning with the study objectives, these include intra-household resource allocation and gender disparities; parental income and mental health outcomes; educational and cognitive impact of resource allocation, long-term effects of childhood circumstances, factors influencing mental health in adulthood.
Conclusion and Recommendations: This study recognizing the importance of addressing gender-based resource allocation, enhancing parental income, and promoting equitable educational opportunities, interventions and policies should be tailored to mitigate the long-term effects of childhood circumstances on mental health. Furthermore, acknowledging the diverse array of factors influencing mental health in adulthood, strategies should adopt a comprehensive approach, encompassing social support, economic stability, and mental health awareness. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners aiming to develop comprehensive interventions that foster optimal mental health across the lifespan
Nurses moral compass: The moral dilemma of nurses moral values and professional identity within abortion care.
No full textIntroduction
The procedure of abortion is now nurse-led in the United Kingdom. While nurses are perceived as the supporting role, the moral conflict and emotions associated with abortion has not been considered widely and remains unknown. The stance on abortion will always remain divided among individuals, with many contradicting factors influencing ones ethical standpoint and view on the right to an abortion. Nurses are crucial in the delivery of abortion care. The experiences and factors influencing nurses throughout their involvement in abortion care is currently under researched, specifically reflecting on their moral compass of what nurses’ believe is right and wrong within the context of abortion.
Method
A narrative review was carried out to explore the moral values and beliefs of nurses, exploring the impact these experiences have on the impact to care given. Levels of support were also identified. The conceptual framework of ‘alternative approach to conscience and participation in abortion care’ is used to examine the factors of moral work in relation to participation in abortion care.
Findings
Nurses displayed differing moral and values beliefs towards abortion, however, the significance of nurses debating their moral conscience, suppressing and concealing their emotions towards abortion was highlighted in most literature identified. Nurses sought to prioritise their patients support, observing women’s emotions and needs as a priority, ensuring that access to the service was non-judgemental and compassionate. Nurses conveyed a ‘subconscious pressure’ to conform to their professional role, often neglecting themselves and their well-being to provide an effective abortion service. An evident professional expectation was seen throughout, whereby many nurses performed tasks that went against their moral values and beliefs due to the stereotypical role of a nurse.
Conclusion
Despite working closely in abortion care, nurses face the moral dilemma of their personal beliefs and professional stance. Findings identified the requirement to provide adequate support to nurses throughout abortion care. Often supressing emotions, the ethos of team support was seen a pivotal in abortion provision. Further research is required to improve the experience of abortion for women and healthcare professionals
KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS REGARDING HEPATITIS B AMONG INDIVIDUALS IN NIGERIA
No full textThe high endemicity of the hepatitis B virus and its significant impact on the health systems make it an on-going public health concern in Nigeria. Surprising differences in vaccination and awareness between various population groups are revealed by epidemiological findings of HBV in Nigeria. These differences have a significant impact on the disease's management outcomes and dynamics of transmission. With regard to HBV prevention, the purpose of this literature review is to investigate Nigerian individuals' knowledge and belief regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. The knowledge of HBV is covered by about 20 different studies, which were found through a variety
The results showed that Nigerian healthcare personnel have a reasonable level of HBV knowledge, which may be explained by their access to health information and professional training. This population demonstrated a high degree of awareness about vaccination importance, preventive measures, and modes of transmission. In stark contrast, pregnant women and the general public have very little knowledge or awareness of HBV. This knowledge gap results from a lack of understanding of the methods used to prevent HBV, the critical role vaccination plays, and the routes of HBV transmission. In addition, certain cultural beliefs, limited availability of health education, and socioeconomic factors contributing to lower vaccination rates within these groups exacerbate the situation. The low vaccination rate among pregnant women, however, is the most concerning issue. And this can give room to future research.
Education programs that are suited for both the general public and expectant mothers must be a priority in Nigerian efforts to strengthen HBV control. Increased knowledge and vaccination uptake could be achieved by utilizing mass media, incorporating HBV education into maternity and child health services, and establishing community-based programs to build awareness. As one might expect, a robust healthcare infrastructure depends critically on vaccine availability and accessibility
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