10137 research outputs found
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Understanding health system resilience to inform recovery planning in Ethiopia’s Tigray region [Editorial]
Get PDFhttps://doi.org/10.83407/15e2sf386pubpub
Contribution of tourism to economic development in selected European countries
Get PDFKamelia Chaichi - ORCID: 0000-0001-7204-0659 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-0659The aim of the study is to explore the interplay between fundamental indicators related to tourism's contribution to economic development. These indicators encompass Total contribution to Employment, Direct contribution to Employment, Total contribution to GDP, Direct contribution to GDP, Capital Investment, and Visitor Exports - Foreign Spending. A cluster analysis of the 30 studied countries was formed based on the entropy results as a measure of equality. The research relies on data from the TTDI Index for the year 2019, as published by the World Economic Forum. The Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted the differences between the clusters. The entropy results support the the cluster analysis, as the coastal countries show the highest values of these indicators.The contribution of tourism to the European economy is imperative for countries to develop strategies for the exploitation of natural and cultural assets.The practical implications emphasize the need for greater investment and foreign spending.https://doi.org/10.5937/bizinfo2402083P15pubpub
Using Digital Health Technologies to Monitor Pain, Medication Adherence and Physical Activity in Young People with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Feasibility Study
Get PDFDerek Santos - ORCID: 0000-0001-9936-715X
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-715XJuvenile idiopathic arthritis can be influenced by pain, medication adherence, and physical activity. A new digital health intervention, InteractiveClinics, aims to monitor these modifiable risk factors. Twelve children, aged 10 to 18 years, received daily notifications on a smartwatch to record their pain levels and take their medications, using a customised mobile app synchronised to a secure web-based platform. Daily physical activity levels were automatically recorded by wearing a smartwatch. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, feasibility and user adoption were evaluated. The web-based data revealed the following: Pain: mean app usage: 68% (SD 30, range: 28.6% to 100%); pain score: 2.9 out of 10 (SD 1.8, range: 0.3 to 6.2 out of 10). Medication adherence: mean app usage: 20.7% (SD, range: 0% to 71.4%), recording 39% (71/182) of the expected daily and 37.5% (3/8) of the weekly medications. Pro-re-nata (PRN) medication monitoring: 33.3% (4/12), one to six additional medications (mean 3.5, SD 2.4) for 2–6 days. Physical activity: watch wearing behaviour: 69.7% (439/630), recording low levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (mean: 11.8, SD: 13.5 min, range: 0–47 min). To conclude, remote monitoring of real-time data is feasible. However, further research is needed to increase adoption rates among children.https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare1203039212pubpub
Does Child-Directed Speech Facilitate Language Development in All Domains? A Study Space Analysis of the Existing Evidence
Get PDFSonja Schaeffler - ORCID: 0000-0003-0493-9165
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-9165Because child-directed speech (CDS) is ubiquitous in some cultures and because positive
associations between certain features of the language input and certain learning outcomes have
been attested it has often been claimed that the function of CDS is to aid children’s language
development in general. We argue that for this claim to be generalisable, superior learning from
CDS compared to non-CDS, such as adult-directed speech (ADS), must be demonstrated across
multiple input domains and learning outcomes. To determine the availability of such evidence we
performed a study space analysis of the research literature on CDS. A total of 942 relevant papers
were coded with respect to (i) CDS features under consideration, (ii) learning outcomes and (iii)
whether a comparison between CDS and ADS was reported. The results show that only 16.2% of
peer-reviewed studies in this field compared learning outcomes between CDS and ADS, almost
half of which focussed on the ability to discriminate between the two registers. Crucially, we found
only 20 studies comparing learning outcomes between CDS and ADS for morphosyntactic and
lexico-semantic features and none for pragmatic and extra-linguistic features. Although these 20
studies provided preliminary evidence for a facilitative effect of some specific morphosyntactic
and lexico-semantic features, overall CDS-ADS comparison studies are very unevenly distributed
across the space of CDS features and outcome measures. The disproportional emphasis on
prosodic, phonetic, and phonological input features, and register discrimination as the outcome
invites caution with respect to the generalisability of the claim that CDS facilitates language
development across the breadth of input domains and learning outcomes. Future research ought to
resolve the discrepancy between sweeping claims about the function of CDS as facilitating
language development on the one hand and the narrow evidence base for such a claim on the other
by conducting CDS-ADS comparisons across a wider range of input features and outcome
measures.72aheadofprintaheadofprin
Beyond Accommodations: Supporting Autistic Health Professionals. Practice based guide for employers and employees
Get PDFThis guide is intended to support neurodivergent people working in the healthcare
sector by providing information and practical suggestions based upon the views
and preferences of neurodivergent adults.
Autistic people can have poor employment outcomes, are under-represented in the
workforce, and often experience discrimination and poor mental health (Buckley
et al., 2021; Bury et al., 2021; Wood et al., 2022). Employment is often precarious (short term, part-time, low paid) and individuals are underemployed or overqualified for
their current roles. Although, as not all autistic people are diagnosed or choose to
share their autistic identity, the literature may not reflect the true picture.
It is therefore important that we increase our understanding of the challenges
facing autistic people not only in gaining employment but within the workforce.
This study draws on the experience of autistic professionals working in health and
education because professionals working within health and education are well
placed to become influential positive role models (Lawrence, 2019).
The guidance is based on information obtained during a review of published
literature and interviews with thirty-four autistic people who work in professional
roles within health and education in Scotland. They were asked about their
experiences of training, recruitment, and employment, particularly factors that
offered them support, and factors which challenged them. They also provided
recommendations for improving training, recruitment, and employment for
neurodivergent people in the future. The guide was also reviewed by people
working in management and human resources roles across health and education.
This guide is intended to provide information which will support neurodivergent
people in employment. Often adjustments to language, mindsets and actions do
not cost money and can provide benefit to the whole diverse workforce.
Throughout this guide we have included direct quotations obtained during
interviews with autistic professionals. This guide and the research on which
it is based was conducted by a team which includes autistic and non-autistic
researchers.
Although our focus has been on autistic people, it is well known that most
autistic people experience co-occurring mental health and neurodevelopmental
differences. Similar experiences are shared by people with ADHD or who identify
as neurodivergent.pubpu
Variability in verbal eyewitness confidence
Get PDFVoR added to repository 2024-03-19.Typically, an eyewitness' verbal confidence is used to judge the reliability of their lineup identification. Across three experiments (N = 3976), we examined eyewitnesses' own words confidence in their lineup decision. For identification decisions (n = 1099), we identified 781 quantitatively unique responses representing 132 qualitatively unique statements that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. For rejectors (n = 781), we identified 599 quantitatively unique responses representing 143 qualitatively unique responses that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. Most participants provided a verbal phrase (e.g., pretty sure) but a significant proportion—34.19% of identifiers and 29.05% of rejectors—provided numbers (e.g., 80%). The present data highlight the variability in how confidence is expressed. The criminal justice system would benefit from guidance for interpreting verbal confidence. We provide a picture of eyewitnesses' verbal confidence as a first step.pubpu
Collective reflections to create knowledge spaces: Thinking about an inclusive, diverse, and participatory occupational science [Réflexions collectives pour créer des espaces de connaissance : penser une science de l'occupation inclusive, diversifiée et participative]
No full textSilvia Veiga-Seijo - ORCID: 0000-0001-9309-2941
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9309-2941Item is not available in this repository.The first World Occupational Science Conference took place in Vancouver, Canada, in August 2022. As English was the official language of the event, this brought challenges for some non-anglophone participants, including some of the authors of this paper. In response, the authors gathered to support translation and communication efforts during the event. This strengthened mutual support and led to the establishment of a workgroup to reflect on knowledge production within occupational science. Framed within a call to expand the discipline beyond the English-speaking world and from a Portuguese-Spanish context, our objectives were to (i) share joint reflections on the potential barriers to participation in scientific events; and (ii) recommend options to democratize knowledge in academic events to develop a more inclusive, diverse, and participatory occupational science. This work could contribute to the creation of spaces for inclusive knowledge to engage more people in occupational science and therefore open opportunities for a more nuanced and diverse understanding of occupation.https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2023.229227331pubpub
Barriers and Opportunities for WHO ‘Best Buys’ Non-Communicable Disease Policy Adoption and Implementation From a Political Economy Perspective: A Complexity Systematic Review
Get PDFFrom Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2023-02-24, accepted 2023-12-30, epub 2023-12-31, issued 2023-12-31, published 2023-12-31Publication status: PublishedGiulia Loffreda - ORCID: 0000-0003-4895-1051
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-1051Ibrahim Bou-Orm - ORCID: 0000-0003-3563-4014
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3563-4014Sophie Witter - ORCID: 0000-0002-7656-6188
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-6188Alastair Ager - ORCID: 0000-0002-9474-3563
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-3563Karin Diaconu - ORCID: 0000-0002-5810-9725
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-9725Background: Improving the adoption and implementation of policies to curb noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is a major challenge for better global health. The adoption and implementation of such policies remain deficient in various contexts, with limited insights into the facilitating and inhibiting factors. These policies have traditionally been treated as technical solutions, neglecting the critical influence of political economy dynamics. Moreover, the complex nature of these interventions is often not adequately incorporated into evidence for policymakers. This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the factors affecting NCD policy adoption and implementation. Methods: We conducted a complex systematic review of articles discussing the adoption and implementation of WHO's ‘best buys' NCD policies. We identified political economy factors and constructed a causal loop diagram (CLD) program theory to elucidate the interplay between factors influencing NCD policy adoption and implementation. A total of 157 papers met the inclusion criteria. Results: Our CLD highlights a central feedback loop encompassing three vital variables: 1) the ability to define, (re)shape and pass appropriate policy into law; 2) the ability to implement the policy (linked to the enforceability of the policy and to addressing NCD local burden); 3) ability to monitor progress, evaluate and correct the course. Insufficient context-specific data impedes the formulation and enactment of suitable policies, particularly in areas facing multiple disease burdens. Multisectoral collaboration plays a pivotal role in both policy adoption and implementation. Effective monitoring and accountability systems significantly impact policy implementation. The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) serve as a major barrier to defining, adopting, and implementing tobacco, alcohol, and diet-related policies. Conclusion: To advance global efforts, we recommend focusing on the development of robust accountability, monitoring, and evaluation systems, ensuring transparency in private sector engagement, supporting context-specific data collection, and effectively managing the CDoH. A system thinking approach can enhance the implementation of complex public health interventions.13pubpu
How to measure lineup fairness: Concurrent and predictive validity of lineup-fairness measures
Get PDFThis item is embargoed in this repository until 2025-02-01.Jamal Mansour - ORCID: 0000-0001-7162-8493 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-8493The current study examined the concurrent and predictive validity of four families of lineupfairness measures—mock-witness measures, perceptual ratings, face-similarity algorithms, and resultant assessments (assessments based on eyewitness participants’ responses)—with 40 mock crime/lineup sets. A correlation analysis demonstrated weak or non-significant correlations between the mock-witness measures and the algorithms, but the perceptual ratings correlated significantly with both the mock-witness measures and the algorithms. These findings may reflect different task characteristics—pairwise similarity ratings of two faces versus overall similarity ratings for multiple faces—and suggest how to use algorithms in future eyewitness
research. The resultant assessments did not correlate with the other families, but a multilevel analysis showed that only the resultant assessments—which are based on actual eyewitness choices—predicted eyewitness performance reliably. Lineup fairness, as measured using actual eyewitnesses, differs from lineup fairness as measured using the three other approaches.https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2024.230735831pubpub
Intrapersonal variability in hyoid movement during normal swallow
Get PDFJoan K-Y Ma - ORCID: 0000-0003-2051-8360
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2051-836
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