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An Ontology for Conversations with Virtual Research Assistants
No full textConversational artificial intelligence has expanded rapidly in recent years, especially with the growth of large language models (LLMs). Its incorporation in scientific research in the form of research assistants has also become more common-place but remains limited in some capacities, such as in the realm of polymer science. The limitations of LLMs, especially in terms of domain knowledge, warrant the need for other tools, such as knowledge graphs (KGs), to better guide conversations. While such conversational models have been developed in the past, they are generally restricted to particular domains and lack the ability to integrate semantics from various kinds of conversations. Thus, we make progress toward the construction of a universal conversational model that has a focus on the materials domain by combining aspects of existing models. We aim to implement it in such a way that renders it amenable to modifications and usable in a variety of situations. We posit that this model will be adopted and extended by others seeking to accomplish a similar goal in the future
Implementing SNOOP-AI in CoModIDE
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) has surged to the fore-front of many major research interests in many different do-mains. Since research in AI is constantly evolving and is becoming more complex, it can be difficult to understand and explain what many of these systems are doing internally. The push to develop a way to represent, communicate, and explain AI systems is becoming more prevalent as the field continues to expand. This paper builds upon current research with a focus on explainable AI taking from our developed framework of EASY-AI and integrating it into a more applicable way with CoModIDE
The HIP Ontology: A Formal Framework To Support Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
No full textOpen data initiatives and knowledge graphs, in synergy, have contributed to an increasing volume of disaster-related data in the Semantic Web. Synthesizing and enriching these data is critical to support all aspects of data-driven disaster risk reduction and management. A standard template that coherently defines, maps, and classifies the wide range of hazards to which communities are exposed is a key input for this task. The UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profiles (HIPs) provide evidence-informed standardization of hazard nomenclature and definitions and a “science-backed” classification. Unfortunately, they are not in a machine-readable format. This paper develops the HIP Ontology as its FAIR counterpart in RDF format that allows its utilization for the greater alignment and consistency of disaster data and systems within and across sectors. Moreover, since HIPs are developed through extensive and rigorous scientific consultation, the HIP Ontology will provide an important layer of data standardization, strengthening the data ecosystem for policy-making and risk management at the global, regional, and national levels. In addition, we also present the Disaster Event Ontology, which provides a schema of key concepts and relationships to link observations and spatiotemporal representations of disaster data with specific hazard types in the HIP Ontology. The two ontologies together will enhance interoperability, integration, and comprehension of disaster datasets within knowledge graphs
Postpartum Abdominal Binder Use for Pain Management After Vaginal Delivery – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFObjective: To investigate the impact of abdominal binder plus usual care versus usual care alone 26 after spontaneous vaginal delivery on pain severity scores. 27 28 Methods: A prospective randomized study was performed, recruiting patients on a Labor and 29 Delivery unit who were anticipating spontaneous vaginal delivery from 2019 to 2022. Patients 30 were randomly assigned to receive an abdominal binder plus usual care or usual care alone 31 within two hours postpartum. Primary outcomes were patient-reported immediate postpartum 32 pain score and average daily pain scores on days 0 and 1 postpartum (using a scale from 0 to 10, 33 and recorded every 2 hours), and location of pain. Secondary outcomes were use of 34 pharmacologic analgesia and non-pharmacologic methods of pain management. 35 36 Results: Fifty patients received an abdominal binder plus usual care and 50 patients received 37 usual care alone for postpartum pain management. Average pain scores immediately postpartum 38 were elevated in the group who received binders, but not statistically significant compared to the 39 group who received usual care (p = 0.05). Average pain scores on days 0 and 1 postpartum were 40 not significantly different between groups. There were no differences between groups in 41 locations of pain and use of pharmacologic analgesia. 42 43 Conclusion: This study showed no evidence for reduced pain or reduced use of pharmacologic 44 pain interventions with use of an abdominal binder plus usual care after spontaneous vaginal 45 delivery, despite previously studied benefits of binders for antepartum pain control after 46 3 caesarean section. Abdominal binder use did not influence the location of pain reported by 47 patients
Comparative Study of the Effects of Conservation Methods on Herbal Plants
Get PDFThis study aimed to compare the effects of different conservation methods on the biochemical quality and antioxidant activity of mint, celery, parsley, and laurel. The plants were subjected to oven-drying at two temperatures (30 and 50°C), microwave drying at different powers (100, 300 and 600W), refrigeration for 24 hours, and freezing for 24 hours, 7 days and 40 days). The moisture content and dry weight were measured for each method. The total phenolic content, flavonoids level, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in fresh and dried plants. This study revealed a significant relationship between temperatures, time of conservation, species and phytochemical content. The results showed that each practical method can be ideal for each studied plant separately. Microwave drying at 300 and 600W resulted in increased TPC and TFC in mint and celery. Freezing for more than seven days led to a significant decrease in the TPC and TFC in all the plants except for the laurel. The findings could help researchers and practitioners choose the most appropriate drying method for each plant, to optimize the plant\u27s antioxidant properties and economic value
A Review on Poultry; Semen Storage and Preservation
Get PDFFor the improvement of genetic resources and their maintenance, new techniques of assisted reproductive technologies have been developed. Cryopreservation of semen, embryo transfer and artificial insemination in mammals are used, while in the avian technique of artificial insemination after semen cryopreservation is proved fruitful. By using this developed technique, the best fertility rate in chicken can be obtained by artificial insemination. In vitro cryopreservation can affect the motility, life of sperm, viability, fertilizing ability. From mammalian sperm cell, the avian sperm cell is different in shape, size having polyunsaturated fatty acid. The use of suitable cryo-protectants and semen extender can save the viability and morphology of sperm and can provide a better result of AI by a good fertility rate. A good fertility rate can be achieved by storing avian, turkey and chicken semen at 2-8°C, 4-8°C and 7-8°C. This paper will help to conclude the script of semen collection, cryopreservation, evaluation, diluents used to maintain sperm viability and fertility ratio. This review uniquely synthesizes recent advancements in poultry semen preservation, focusing on novel cryoprotectants, semen extenders, and optimization techniques. It integrates emerging practices and technologies to provide new insights into enhancing semen quality, fertility rates, and overall reproductive efficiency in poultry. This review uniquely synthesizes recent advancements in poultry semen preservation, focusing on novel cryoprotectants, semen extenders, and optimization techniques. It integrates emerging practices and technologies to provide new insights into enhancing semen quality, fertility rates, and overall reproductive efficiency in poultr
Faculty Senate Meeting Agenda and Minutes, April 22, 2024
Get PDFAgenda and minutes from the Wright State University Faculty Senate Meeting held on, April 22, 2024
Climate Change Adaptation through Economic Democracy
Get PDFAs global climate change poses a serious threat to humanity\u27s survival, equitable and just climate change adaptation has become the focus of several climate movements, social justice groups, governments, and international organizations. Climate sciences and studies have concluded that climate change not only impacts the planet\u27s natural ecosystems, but also has cascading negative consequences on society and the economy. The existing paradigm of economic development has created vast wealth and resource inequality. The inequality further exacerbates the ill effects of climate change and makes vulnerable communities bear a disproportionate amount of the burden of climate catastrophes. This necessitates replacing the system that created the climate crisis with a holistic new vision for development to enable a justice-based climate change adaptation and sustainable growth. This paper discusses an integrated socio-economic vision, PROUT - The Progressive Utilization Theory, a climate justice movement, and policy proposals such as Job Guarantee and restructuring the nature of work. This discussion aims to find an alignment between holistic models of growth, policy proposals, and grassroots movements to strengthen communities through economic democracy and enable a justice-based climate change adaptation through self-reliant and resilient local economies
Phytochemical Screening and Medicinal Properties of Caralluma Fimbriata and Moringa Oleifera
Get PDFThe research was intended to evaluate the medicinal properties of Caralluma fimbriata and Moringa oleifera, as these plants are well known for their therapeutic activities. Qualitative analysis of the phytochemical components of these plants was used to identify the existence of potentially useful therapeutic compounds. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts were assessed and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated using the DPPH assay and the protein denaturation inhibition assay, respectively. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests were utilized to determine the plant extract\u27s effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of medicinally beneficial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds in the extract. The plant extracts were found to exhibit exceptional antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains (Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus) and a fungal strain (Aspergillus niger). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities shown by both plants were also highly significant. Thus, in future Caralluma fimbriata and Moringa oleifera extracts might be used as herbal medicines against different ailments
Dual Airfoil Testing System
Get PDFA dual airfoil testing system includes a platform including a frame defining a chamber that is configured to receive a horizontal flow of air for testing a first airfoil and a second airfoil contained in the chamber and a control system including a controller to control a first attack angle stepper motor, a second attack angle stepper motor, at least one gap stepper motor, and at least one stagger stepper motor. The controller is configured to automatically control and adjust the stepper motors to control and adjust the attack angle of the first airfoil, the attack angle of the second airfoil, the gap between the first airfoil and the second airfoil, and the stagger between the first airfoil and the second airfoil