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Contribución energética de los residuos de carbón reciclados con piedra caliza para producir un clínker de Portland
No full textAnalysis has revealed that Moroccan coal gangue consists of silica, clays, and coal, making it a viable substitute for clay in clinker production. Our previous study demonstrated that the clinkering of a cement raw mix with 18.5% (wt) coal gangue and limestone produced a good Portland clinker. This clinker was close to that given by a cement raw mix of a cement plant, and which was taken as a reference-raw RR. The coal gangue contains around 8.8-11.8% coal, exhibits a calorific value of 3.77 MJ/kg and displays an exothermic effect of 67.3 J/g as determined by DSC analysis. This exothermic release is also observed in the LG cement mix. The objective of this study is to estimate the energy contribution of coal gangue in clinker production by comparing the thermochemical energy balances during clinkering up to 1450°C for the two clinker raw materials, LG and RR; our calculations indicate an energy gain of approximately 2.13%.El análisis ha revelado que los residuos de carbón marroquí consisten en sílice, arcillas y carbón, lo que los convierte en un sustituto viable de la arcilla en la producción de clínker. Nuestro estudio previo demostró que la clinkerización de una mezcla cruda de cemento con un 18.5% de residuos de carbón y piedra caliza produjo un buen clínker de Portland. Este clínker fue similar al obtenido por una mezcla cruda de un cemento Portland. Los residuos de carbón contienen alrededor del 8.8-11.8% de carbón, tienen un valor calorífico de 3.77 MJ/kg y muestran un efecto exotérmico de 67.3 J/g según el análisis DSC. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la contribución energética de los residuos de carbón en la producción de clínker mediante la comparación de los balances de energía termoquímica durante la clinkerización hasta 1450°C para los dos materiales crudos de clínker, LG y RR; nuestros cálculos indican una ganancia energética de aproximadamente 2.13%
Impact of Nutrient Stress on Plant Disease Resistance
No full textPlants are constantly exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses that seriously affect crop yield and quality. A coordinated regulation of plant responses to combined abiotic/biotic stresses requires crosstalk between signaling pathways initiated by each stressor. Interconnected signaling pathways further finetune plant stress responses and allow the plant to respond to such stresses effectively. The plant nutritional status might influence disease resistance by strengthening or weakening plant immune responses, as well as through modulation of the pathogenicity program in the pathogen. Here, we discuss advances in our understanding of interactions between nutrient stress, deficiency or excess, and immune signaling pathways in the context of current agricultural practices. The introduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was a major component of the Green Revolution initiated in the 1960s that greatly boosted crop production. However, the massive application of agrochemicals also has adverse consequences on the environment and animal/human health. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the connections between stress caused by overfertilization (or low bioavailability of nutrients) and immune responses is a timely and novel field of research with important implications for disease control in crop species. Optimizing nutrient management practices tailored to specific environmental conditions will be crucial in maximizing crop production using environmentally friendly systems.This research was supported by Project PID2021-128825OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. We acknowledge financial support from the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through the “Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R&D” (CEX2019-000902-S) and the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya. We also acknowledge support with the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). Héctor Martín-Cardoso was a recipient of a grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PRE2019-087477).With funding from the Spanish goverment through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2019-000902-S)Peer reviewe
Landscapes—a lens for assessing sustainability
Get PDF[Context] There are urgent calls to transition society to more sustainable trajectories, at scales ranging from local to global. Landscape sustainability (LS), or the capacity for landscapes to provide equitable access to ecosystem services essential for human wellbeing for both current and future generations, provides an operational approach to monitor these transitions. However, the complexity of landscapes complicates how and what to consider when assessing LS.[Objectives] To identify important features of landscapes that remain challenging to consider in LS assessments and provide guidance to strengthen future assessments.[Methods] We conducted two workshops to identify the complex features of landscapes that remain under-considered in LS assessments, and developed guidelines on how to better incorporate these features.[Results] We identify open and connected boundaries and diversity of values as landscape features that must be better considered in LS assessments or risk exacerbating offstage sustainability burdens and power inequalities. We provide guidelines to avoid these pitfalls which emphasize assessing ecosystem service interactions across interconnected landscapes and incorporating local actors’ diverse values.[Conclusions] Our guidelines provide a stepping stone for researchers and practitioners to better incorporate landscape complexities into LS assessments to inform landscape-level decisions and actions.This article was funded by the McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative, McGill University, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG-FZT 118,202548816, DFG-FZT 118, 202548816, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, RGPIN/03440-2021, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,309767/2021-0,H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions,101024588.The workshops that generated this paper were funded by the McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative Landscapes Theme, McGill University. AB and MFL acknowledge the support of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816). MFL also acknowledges that her contract is part of the RYC2021-032828-I Grant, financed by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR. SL acknowledges support from ANR project RECONNECT. JPM was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ, 309767/2021-0). GW acknowledges support from the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101024588. UP acknowledges Basque Centre for Climate Change’s Maria de Maeztu excellence accreditation 2023–2026 (Ref no. CEX2021-001201-M) provided by Grant No. MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033. BG acknowledges The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the Discovery Grant programme (Grant number: RGPIN/03440-2021).With funding form the Spanish government through the “María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2021-001201-M).Peer reviewe
Chaperone-Driven Entropic Separation of Amyloid Nanofilament Bundles
No full textThe disassembly of misfolded protein aggregates is a requirement for the proper functioning of cells. It has implications in multiple neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The active unbundling of fibrillar aggregates has recently been identified as a key rate-limiting step in the disassembly process. However, the nature of the underlying molecular mechanism remains an outstanding question. Here, we develop a coarse-grained computational approach from the atomistic structural information and show that the interactions of molecules tethered to fibrils lead to entropic forces consistent with the unbundling process observed in amyloid α-synuclein disaggregation by Hsp70. We uncover two main types of entropic effects, categorized as intraprotofilament and interprotofilament, which are differentially affected by the system parameters and conditions. Our results show that only highly efficient chaperone systems can overcome the free-energy cost of the lateral association between two protofilaments. Through the analysis of cryoelectron tomography and high-speed atomic force microscopy data, we find that the conditions for highly efficient entropic force generation are those typically achieved with cochaperone networks and ATP hydrolysis, which require energy expenditure but do not provide an enthalpic component to the separation force. We highlight the implications of these results for the design of targeted therapies for the underlying neuropathologies.J. M. G. V. acknowledges support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE) under Grant No. PID2021-128850NB-I00 and the Basque Government under Grant No. IT1745-22.Peer reviewe
Impact of climate change over distribution and potential range of chestnut in the Iberian Peninsula
No full text[Introduction] The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a historically and ecologically important tree in the Iberian Peninsula. The species now faces challenges related to the abandonment of traditional management practices, and climate change, although the potential impact of the later on chestnut potential range remains unexplored.[Methods] We assessed variations in chestnut potential range under different climate change scenarios in the Iberian Peninsula, by studying the current and projected habitat suitability of the species across distinct biogeographical regions (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and Regions of Provenance (RoPs). Environmental static (topography and soil parameters) and dynamic (bioclimatic variables) factors were used to build Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Future habitat suitability projections were based on an ensemble of five global circulation models (GCMs) for two climate change scenarios included in CMIP6. The SDMs were constructed using the Random Forest algorithm.[Results and Discussion] Our model achieved an accuracy of 86.82%, with high sensitivity (89.91%) and specificity (83.73%). Favourable chestnut habitats were linked to wetter regions, and included factors associated with annual and seasonal precipitations, coldest quarter temperature, soil pH and annual mean temperature. Optimal conditions for chestnut trees include precipitation exceeding 800 mm/year and mean temperature ranging from 10-15°C. Future projections suggest a potential habitat loss for chestnut and slight changes in net primary productivity. The Regions of Provenance exhibit varying levels of resilience, with the Mediterranean regions being particularly vulnerable. We highlight the need to develop mitigation strategies to facilitate chestnut resilience in the face of threats related to climate change.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was conducted within the framework of the LIFE19 NAT/ES/000913 “Bears with Future” project, funded by the European Union, and coordinated by the Brown Bear Foundation. This research received additional financial support from the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic challenge of the Government of Spain.Peer reviewe
Scaling of shoot and root respiration ofwoody and herbaceous plants
Get PDF10 Pags.- 5 Figs.- 2 Tabls. Data accessibility: Our data and code are available in the Dryad Digital Repository. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License By .Woody and herbaceous plants are the main components of global terrestrial ecosystems, and their growth, adaptation and survival depend largely on the metabolism of shoots and roots. Therefore, understanding size-scaling of metabolic rates in woody and herbaceous plants, and in shoots and roots, is a fundamental issue in ecology. However, few empirical studies have examined metabolic scaling exponents across a wide range of plant sizes. Using whole-plant chamber systems, we measured respiration rates of entire root systems and shoots of 96 woody species (n = 1243) and 33 herbaceous species (n = 463) from various terrestrial biomes, with plant masses spanning nine orders of magnitude. Scaling exponents for relationships between respiration rates and fresh mass were greater in shoots than in roots, and both were greater in herbaceous plants than in woody plants. Furthermore, scaling of whole-plant respiration, including various species, converged separately for woody and herbaceous plants. These findings suggest some general physico-chemical constraints on energy use by shoots and roots of individual plants in various terrestrial biomes, including forests and grasslands. These data will advance our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function.This work was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI [19H02987, 19H01161, 24K01792, and 24KJ0457]. J.P.F. was supported by a JSPS long-term invitation fellowship [L-14560] and Reference Group (Gobierno de Aragón, Spain) [S74_23R].Peer reviewe
Environmental Activism in Russia: Changes in International Influence
No full textThis article analyzes changes in external influences on environmental activism in Russia. It identifies three
main new trends—isolation from international environmental actors (e.g., Greenpeace, the World Wide
Fund, and others) due to national persecution; the pausing of Russia’s membership in international organizations (e.g., in the Arctic Council); and the emerging new international influence (e.g., from China and
China-led international organizations). The article outlines the possible consequences and implications of
these recent trends.Anastassia Obydenkova is grateful for financial support for her research provided by grant PID2021-126200NB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI (https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033) and by ERDF’s “A Way of Making Europe”; by the
Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D [CEX2019-000915-S], Barcelona School of Economics; and by the research grant “Social and Political Conflict (SoPoC),” funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant
number 2021-SGR-00416).Peer reviewe
Additional file 1 of Radiotherapy resistance driven by Asparagine endopeptidase through ATR pathway modulation in breast cancer
No full textAdditional file 1. Supplementary Figure 1. AEP deficiency in cancer cells leads to cell cycle arrest and cell death. (A) Immunoblot of AEP in different cancer cell lines untreated or treated with 50 μM MVO for 24 h, alongside quantitation. (B) Immunoblot showing the shRNA-mediated AEP knock-down in U2OS cells. (C) Cell cycle analyses of control and AEP shRNA transduced U2OS cells. Data represents average ± SD of 4 independent, biological replicas. * p value 400 cells). Size bar = 27um.Welcome Trust Programme Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-Agencia Estatal de Investigación/10.13039/501100011033 MICINN-AEI and European Regional Development Fund The Instituto de Salud Carlos III IISCIII, CIBERONC ERA PerMed ERA-NET co-funded by the NextGeneration-EU European Union’s Horizon 2020 MSCA Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación VII PPIT of the University of Seville Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación, Junta de AndaluciaPeer reviewe
X-ray and gamma-ray timing of GRB 180720B, GRB 181222B, GRB 211211A, and GRB 220910A observed with Fermi and ASIM
Get PDFWe present a timing study of the gamma and X-ray observations and analysis of a sample of bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs;
i.e. GRB 180720B, GRB 181222B, GRB 211211A, and GRB 220910A), including the very bright and long GRB 211211A
(a.k.a. kilonova candidate). They have been detected and observed by the Atmosphere–Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM)
installed on the International Space Station (ISS) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) onboard the Fermi mission. The
early (T − T0≈ s) and high-energy (0.3–20 MeV) ASIM High Energy Detector (HED) and (150 keV–30 MeV) Fermi (BGO)
light curves show well-defined peaks with a low quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency between 2.5 and 3.5 Hz that could
be identified with the spin of the neutron star (NS) in the binary mergers originating these GRBs. These QPOs consist on the first
detection of low-frequency QPOs (≤10 Hz) detected in magnetars so far. We also detect a strong QPO at 21.8 − 22 Hz in GRB
181222B together with its (less significant) harmonics. The low-frequency QPO would correspond to the signal of the orbiting
NS previous to the final coalescence giving rise to the gravitational wave (GW) signal. © 2025 The Author(s).MCG acknowledges S. Xiao, M. Marisaldi, and A. Mezentsev for useful discussions and feedback. MCG acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry project MCI/AEI/PID2023-149817OB-C31. RSR, YDH, MCG, SG, IPG, EJFG, RGB, MPV, and AJCT acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry project PID2023-151905OB-I00 and the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. RG and SBP acknowledge BRICS grant DST/IMRCD/BRICS/PilotCall1 /ProFCheap/2017(G) for the financial support. RG and SBP also acknowledge the financial support of ISRO under AstroSat archival Data utilization programme (DS
2B-13013(2)/1/2021-Sec.2). RG was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through a contract with ORAU. AJCT acknowledges support from the Junta de Andalucia Project P20
01068. MM, AL, AM, and NØ acknowledge financial support from the Research Council of Norway under Contracts 208028/F50 and 223252/F50 (CoE). This research has used data obtained through the HEASARC Online Service, provided by the NASA-GSFC, in support of NASA High Energy Astrophysics Programs. The NASA’s FGST (Fermi) mission is an astrophysics and particle physics partnership, developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy, along with important contributions from academic institutions and partners in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and the United States. ASIM is a mission of ESA’s SciSpace programme for scientific utilization of the ISS and non-ISS space exploration platforms and space environment analogues. ASIM and the ASIM Science Data Centre are funded by ESA and by national grants of Denmark, Norway, and Spain.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewe
CHANG-ES. XXXV. Cosmic Ray Transport and Magnetic Field Structure of NGC 3556 at 3 GHz
No full textRadio halos of edge-on galaxies are crucial for investigating cosmic ray propagation and magnetic field structures in galactic environments. We present VLA C-configuration S-band (2–4 GHz) observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 3556, a target from the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an EVLA Survey. We estimate the thermal contribution to the radio emission from a combination of the Hα and mid-IR data, and employ rotation measure synthesis to reveal the magnetic field structures. In our data, NGC 3556 exhibits a box-like radio halo extending nearly 7 kpc from the galactic plane. The scale height of the total S-band intensity in the halo is 1.68 ± 0.29 kpc, while that of the nonthermal intensity is 1.93 ± 0.28 kpc. Fitting the data to a 1D cosmic-ray transport model, we find advection to describe the cosmic-ray propagation within the halo better than diffusion, with advection speeds of 245 ± 15 km s‑1 and 205 ± 25 km s‑1 above and below the disk, respectively. The magnetic field is detected patchily across the galaxy, displaying a toroidal configuration in the rotation measure map. The mean equipartition magnetic field strength is approximately 8.3 μG in the disk and 4.5 μG in the halo. In addition, a bubble-like structure extends nearly 3 kpc into the southern halo, aligned with the polarized intensity and Hα image, suggestive of superwinds generated by recent star formation feedback in the nuclear region. © 2024. The Author(s)We acknowledge research grants from the China Manned Space Project (the second-stage CSST science project: Investigation of small-scale structures in galaxies and forecasting of observations), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12273036), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (National Key Program for Science and Technology Research and Development, No. 2023YFA1608100), and the support from Cyrus Chun Ying Tang Foundations. J.T.L. acknowledges the financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through the grants 12273111, and also the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project. R.J.D. and M.S. acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB 1491. Y.Y. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the grant 12203098. T.W. acknowledges financial support from the grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, from the coordination of the participation in SKA-SPAIN, funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU).With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewe