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The course of colonization of two different vitis genotypes by Plasmopara viticola indicates compatible and incompatible host-pathogen interactions
No full text7 páginas, 4 tablas, 5 figurasThe course of colonization of leaf mesophyll by the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, in a susceptible and a resistant grapevine genotype was examined in order to characterize the development of the pathogen in compatible and incompatible host-pathogen interactions. Within a few hours after inoculation, the pathogen was established in the susceptible Vitis vinifera cv. Müller-Thurgau and formed primary hyphae with a first haustorium. No further development occurred in the following 10 to 18 h. The next step, in which the hyphae grew and branched to colonize the intercellular space of the host tissue, was observed 1.5 days after inoculation. After 3 days, the intercostal fields were entirely filled with mycelium and sporulation was abundant under favorable environmental conditions. The first infection steps were essentially the same in the resistant V. rupestris. However, the invasive growth of P. viticola was delayed, and further development ceased before the intercostal fields were filled with mycelium
Microbial and metabolic faecal profiles of hospitalized children with COVID-19
Get PDFResumen del trabajo presentado en ESPGHAN 56th Annual Meeting, celebrado en Milán (Italia), del 15 al 18 de mayo de 202
A review of marine recreational fisheries research in Italy
No full text9 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables.-- Data Availability: No data was used for the research described in the article.-- Corrigendum to “A review of marine recreational fisheries research in Italy” [Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 81 (2025) 103996]; Regional Studies in Marine Science 104152 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2025.104152In Italy, marine recreational fishing is a remarkably popular activity with a long tradition, but it is only recently that scientific research interest in this field has gained momentum. To date, research on marine recreational fishing in Italy have explored different dimensions. Such as monitoring spearfishing tournaments, assessing potential impacts on benthic organisms, comparing it with artisanal fishing practices, examining its occurrence within marine protected areas, and investigating its social, economic, and ecological implications. Marine recreational fishing can have significant impact on ecological, social, and economic spheres. Thus, there is a need for an integrated approach that considers an ecosystem perspective in resource management and monitoring. The goal of this paper is to consolidate research findings related to marine recreational fishing in Italy, identifying knowledge gaps and potential areas for future research. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed papers on the topic, categorizing each paper into five sections: (i) spearfishing tournaments; (ii) effects of recreational fishing on benthic organisms; (iii) recreational and artisanal fisheries; (iv) recreational fishing and marine protected areas; (v) social and ecological aspects of marine recreational fishing. Subsequently, we synthetized the key findings of each paper and drew overall conclusions for each section. The landscape of marine recreational fishing is continuously evolving worldwide, and we aim for this review to elucidate the progress made thus far in Italy, provide new research perspectives, and encourage further research, monitoring efforts, and to strength collaboration with national and international stakeholdersThe authors declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Giulio Tarantino and Antonio Terlizzi acknowledge funding from the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 - Call for tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree n.3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU; Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP C63C22000520001 Project title “National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC”. Valerio Sbragaglia is supported by a “Ramón y Cajal” research fellowships (RYC2021–033065-I) granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and he also acknowledge the Spanish government through the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation to ICM-CSIC (#CEX2019–000928-S)Peer reviewe
Petrology and geochemistry of Careón Ophiolite mantle (NW Iberian Massif): geodynamic implications
No full textComunicación oral presentada en The 7th Orogenic Lherzolite Meeting, del 30 de septiembre al 6 de octubre de 2024, celebrado en Oviedo (España
The high-mass end of the red sequence at z ~ 0.55 from SDSS-III/BOSS: Completeness, bimodality and luminosity function
Get PDFWe have developed an analytical method based on forward-modelling techniques to characterize the high-mass end of the red sequence (RS) galaxy population at redshift z ~ 0.55, from the DR10 BOSS (Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey) CMASS spectroscopic sample, which comprises ~600 000 galaxies. The method, which follows an unbinned maximum likelihood approach, allows the deconvolution of the intrinsic CMASS colour-colour-magnitude distributions from photometric errors and selection effects. This procedure requires modelling the covariance matrix for the i-band magnitude, g - r colour and r - i colour using Stripe 82 multi-epoch data. Our results indicate that the error-deconvolved intrinsic RS distribution is consistent, within the photometric uncertainties, with a single point (<0.05 mag) in the colour-colour plane at fixed magnitude, for a narrow redshift slice. We have computed the high-mass end (M ≲ -22) of the i-band RS luminosity function (RS LF) in several redshift slices within the redshift range 0.52 < z < 0.63. In this narrow redshift range, the evolution of the RS LF is consistent, within the uncertainties in the modelling, with a passively evolving model with Φ* = (7.248 ± 0.204) × 10 Mpc mag, fading at a rate of 1.5 ± 0.4 mag per unit redshift. We report RS completeness as a function of magnitude and redshift in the CMASS sample, which will facilitate a variety of galaxy-evolution and clustering studies using BOSS. Our forward-modelling method lays the foundations for future studies using other dark-energy surveys like the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey or the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, which are affected by the same type of photometric blurring/selection effects. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award Number DE-SC0010331. The support and resources from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah are gratefully acknowledged. AMD, FP, JC, CC, GF and SR thank the support from the Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme under grant MultiDark CSD2009-00064, AYA2010-21231-C02-01 and MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme under grant SEV-2012-0249. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III website is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, the University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington and Yale University.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (SEV-2012-0249).Peer reviewe
The EFT stringy viewpoint on large distances
No full textWe observe a direct relation between the existence of fundamental axionic strings, dubbed EFT strings, and infinite distance limits in 4d N = 1 EFTs coupled to gravity. The backreaction of EFT strings can be interpreted as RG flow of their couplings, and allows one to probe different regimes within the field space of the theory. We propose that any 4d EFT infinite distance limit can be realised as an EFT string flow. We show that along such limits the EFT string becomes asymptotically tensionless, and so the EFT eventually breaks down. This provides an upper bound for the maximal field range of an EFT with a finite cut-off, and reproduces the Swampland Distance Conjecture from a bottom-up perspective. Even if there are typically other towers of particles becoming light, we propose that the mass of the leading tower scales as m ∼ T in Planck units, with T the EFT string tension and w a positive integer. Our results hold even in the presence of a non-trivial potential, as long as its energy scale remains well below the cut-off. We check both proposals for large classes of 4d N = 1 string compactifications, finding that only the values w = 1, 2, 3 are realised.SL is supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) via a Start-Up
grant; during the initial stage of the project, SL was also supported by a fellowship
of Angelo Della Riccia Foundation, Florence and a fellowship of Aldo Gini Foundation,
Padova. FM is supported through the grants SEV-2016-0597 and PGC2018-095976-B-C21
from MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE. LM is supported in part by the MIUR-PRIN contract
2017CC72MK_003. IV is supported by Grant 602883 from the Simons Foundation
The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Towards a computationally efficient analysis without informative priors
No full textPellejero-Ibanez, Marcos et al.-- Full list of authors: Pellejero-Ibanez, Marcos; Chuang, Chia-Hsun; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Cuesta, Antonio J.; Wang, Yuting; Zhao, Gongbo; Ross, Ashley J.; Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio; Prada, Francisco; Slosar, Anže; Vazquez, Jose A.; Alam, Shadab; Beutler, Florian; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Gil-Marín, Héctor; Grieb, Jan Niklas; Ho, Shirley; Kitaura, Francisco-Shu; Percival, Will J.; Rossi, Graziano; Salazar-Albornoz, Salvador; Samushia, Lado; Sánchez, Ariel G.; Satpathy, Siddharth; Seo, Hee-Jong; Tinker, Jeremy L.; Tojeiro, Rita; Vargas-Magaña, Mariana; Brownstein, Joel R.; Nichol, Robert C.; Olmstead, Matthew D.We develop a new computationally efficient methodology called double-probe analysis with the aim of minimizing informative priors (those coming from extra probes) in the estimation of cosmological parameters. Using our new methodology, we extract the dark energy model-independent cosmological constraints from the joint data sets of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) galaxy sample and Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. We measure the mean values and covariance matrix of (R, l, Ωh, n, log(A), Ωk, H(z), D(z), f(z)s(z)), which give an efficient summary of the Planck data and two-point statistics from the BOSS galaxy sample. The CMB shift parameters are and l = φr(z)/rs(z), where z is the redshift at the last scattering surface, and r(z) and rs(z) denote our comoving distance to the z and sound horizon at z, respectively; Ωb is the baryon fraction at z=0. This approximate methodology guarantees that we will not need to put informative priors on the cosmological parameters that galaxy clustering is unable to constrain, i.e. Ωh and ns. The main advantage is that the computational time required for extracting these parameters is decreased by a factor of 60 with respect to exact full-likelihood analyses. The results obtained show no tension with the flat δ cold dark matter (δCDM) cosmological paradigm. By comparing with the full-likelihood exact analysis with fixed dark energy models, on one hand we demonstrate that the double-probe method provides robust cosmological parameter constraints that can be conveniently used to study dark energy models, and on the other hand we provide a reliable set of measurements assuming dark energy models to be used, for example, in distance estimations. We extend our study to measure the sum of the neutrino mass using different methodologies, including double-probe analysis (introduced in this study), full-likelihood analysis and single-probe analysis. From full-likelihood analysis, we obtain Σmν < 0.12 (68 per cent), assumingδCDM and Σmν < 0.20 (68 per cent) assuming owCDM. We also find that there is degeneracy between observational systematics and neutrino masses, which suggests that one should take great care when estimating these parameters in the case of not having control over the systematics of a given sample. © 2017 The AuthorsMPI would like to thank Denis Tramonte and Rafael Rebolo
for useful discussions. MPI and CC thank David Hogg, Savvas
Nesseris and Yun Wang for useful discussions. CC and FP acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio
2010 Programme under grant MultiDark CSD2009-00064 and grant
AYA2010-21231-C02-01. CC was also supported by the Comunidad de Madrid under grant HEPHACOS S2009/ESP-1473. CC
was supported as a MultiDark fellow. MPI acknowledges support
from MINECO under the grant AYA2012-39702-C02-01. GR is
supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
through NRF-SGER 2014055950 funded by the Korean Ministry
of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST), and by the faculty
research fund of Sejong University in 2016. MVM acknowledges
support from Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e ´
Innovacion Tecnol ´ ogica (PAPITT) No IA102516, from Proyecto ´
Conacyt Fronteras No 281 and from Proyecto LANCAD-UNAMDGTIC-319.
We acknowledge the use of the CURIE supercomputer at Tres`
Grand Centre de Calcul du CEA in France through the French participation into the PRACE research infrastructure, the SuperMUC
supercomputer at Leibniz Supercomputing Centre of the Bavarian
Academy of Science in Germany, the TEIDE High Performance
Computing facilities in Spain and the Hydra cluster at Instituto de
F´ısica Teorica (UAM/CSIC) in Spain. TeideHPC facilities are pro- ´
vided by the Instituto Tecnologico y de Energ ´ ´ıas Renovables (ITER,
SA).
Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science
Foundation and the US Department of Energy Office of Science.
The SDSS-III website is http://www.sdss3.org/.
SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation
Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the
German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de
Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max
Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania
State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University,
the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University
of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University
of Washington and Yale Universit
How have the COVID pandemic and the war in Ukraine affected energy poverty?
No full textA previous version of this paper was presented at the International Energy Workshop (IEW) held in Bonn in June 2024.Energy poverty is a complex, multifaceted problem which negatively affects many households around the world. Therefore, its mitigation is one of the most relevant policy goals for governments nowdays. The events of COVID-19, and the surge in energy prices due to the postpandemic recovery, the war in Ukraine and the energy crisis worsened an already difficult situation for many citizens, increasing energy poverty. However, these detrimental effects on energy poverty are unlikely to have been homogenous across different household types, impacting some more than others. Although energy poverty in general and the determinants of energy poverty in particular are topics which have received attention from academics in the past, the analysis of the impact of those events on specific types of households has not. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of COVID, the post-pandemic recovery and the war in Ukraine on energy poverty through an analysis of their effects on different types of households and dwellings. Using a database of Spanish households in 2019 and 2022, and binary probit estimations, the results show that those household heads who are foreign nationals, females, older than 67 years, without education and with lower income levels and households with dependent children, whose members do not have a job and live in a detached dwelling, in a rented house, in a dwelling located in a cold region, in a rural area and in an old dwelling are more likely to be energy poor. Both events had a negative effect on energy poverty in very specific types of households: those in which the household head is a male, households whose members do not have a job, are older than 67 years, have children, are less educated, have lower income levels and live in detached dwellings. Analysing the most affected household types and most influential determinants of energy poverty is key to propose effective and efficient policy interventions which mitigate it. These findings call for the adoption of effective targeted policy interventions which focus on the factors that are more likely to reduce EP. They suggest that additional policy efforts to mitigate energy poverty should be put on specific households.Peer reviewe
Short Report on Espai Mediterrani
No full text6 pages, 1 figureEspai Mediterrani (https://espaimediterrani.org/) was created in 2019, following a meeting at the Institut de Ciències del Mar among Catalan entities connected with the sustainability of the coastal Ocean. Espai Mediterrani is a meeting point for organisations, associations and initiatives that aim to create synergies and coordinate strategies towards the conservation and regeneration of the coasts and Ocean. Eight organisations currently make up Espai Mediterrani: Federació Catalana d’Activitats Subaquàtiques, Proa A La Mar Community Plan, Associació Cap a Mar, Associació Mar de CIència, Catsharks, Centre d’Immersió, Anèl·Lides and the Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM). Since 2022, the coordination of Espai Mediterrani is carried out by Ithe CM in the frame of the PREP4BLUE project (www.Prep4Blue.eu), funded by the European Union (GA No. 101056957). Figure 1 shows the areas and type of activities carried out by these organisations. However, Espai Mediterrani is a living network and new members are planned, such as the Ciutat Vella Sports Association, which works with young people at risk of exclusion and in water sportsWith the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)Peer reviewe
10-Years of imagery from a cabled-observatory reveals a decreasing trend in coastal fish biodiversity
No full text12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178139.-- Data availability: The data that has been used is confidentialMonitoring the effects of climate change and other multi-years processes on coastal ecosystems require long-term datasets that may extend into decades. One tool to achieve this are cabled seafloor observatories that can collect continual streams of environmental and biological data as long as the equipment is maintained. Here, we used 10-years of time-lapse images (every 30 mins) from the OBSEA seafloor cabled observatory located at 20 m depth, four km offshore from Vilanova i la Geltrú (Spain) coast, to characterize temporal trends in fish community dynamics. These temporal trends were compared to in situ and remotely-sensed (MODIS-Aqua) data on temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a). We observed a reduction in fish diversity over time and an increase in species turnover. Specifically, there was a decrease in the relative abundance of fish species at the lowest trophic levels alongside an increase in predators, suggesting a top-down effect. Of temperature, salinity, and Chl-a, only salinity exhibited a significant change over time. Nevertheless, the Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) revealed significant correlations between fish biodiversity indices and both temperature and Chl-a. Following models results we concluded that environmental variables affected the local fish community only at seasonal level. Including more environmental variables, such as fishing activity and pollution, in the applied models may help explain the detected decreases in biodiversityThe research presented in this paper is being carried out within the framework of the activities of the Spanish Government through the “Severo Ochoa Centre Excellence” granted to ICM-CSIC (CEX2019-000928-S) and the Research Unit Tecnoterra (ICM-CSIC/UPC). The present research was conceived within the framework of the Spanish National Projects BITER-LANDER (PID2020-114732RB-C32), BITER-ECO (PID2020-114732RB-C31), BITER-AUV (PID2020-114732RB-C33), and PLOME (PLEC2021-007525/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). The proposed data banking and analysis approaches were also tailored in accordance with the guidelines of the EU Project DIGT4ECO (Digital Twin-sustained 4D ecological monitoring of restoration in fishery depleted areas; 101112883 - GAP-101112883). NJR was funded by the Spanish government (Agencia Española de Investigación-AEI) through the Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral program (#RYC2021-034381-I). DC was funded by Ministerio de Cultura e Innovación/Agencia Española de Investigación and European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR through the Juan de la Cierva Formación Post-doctoral Fellowship (#FJC2021-047734-I)Peer reviewe