374472 research outputs found
Sort by
Low-dimensional dynamics of globally coupled complex Riccati equations: Exact firing-rate equations for spiking neurons with clustered substructure
No full textWe report on an exact theory for ensembles of globally coupled, heterogeneous complex Riccati equations. A drastic dimensionality reduction to a few ordinary differential equations is achieved for Lorentzian heterogeneity. By applying this technique, we obtain low-dimensional firing-rate equations for populations of spiking neurons with a clustered substructure.D.P. acknowledges support by Grant No. PID2021-125543NB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU. R.C. acknowledges financial support from the Royal Swedish Physiographic Society of Lund.Peer reviewe
Supplemental Material for Low-dimensional dynamics of globally coupled complex Riccati equations: Exact firing-rate equations for spiking neurons with clustered substructure
No full textThe Supplemental Material includes:
a) One .pdf file with mathematical calculations and other details.
b) Three animations (.mp4 files), each corresponding to one (sub)figure of the Letter.Peer reviewe
Role and mode of action of hydroxylated monoterpenoids in tomato defence against bacteria
No full textFunctional characterization of VQ24, VQ27 and VQ32, three Arabidopsis VQ motif-containing proteins encoded by hypoxia-, nitric oxide-, and oxidative stress-inducible genes
No full textSearch for nuclear modifications of + meson production in -Pb Collisions at √NN=8.16 TeV
No full textCMS Collaboration: et al.Nuclear medium effects on + meson production are studied using the binary-collision scaled cross section ratio between events of different charged-particle multiplicities from proton-lead collisions. Data, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of √NN=8.16 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 175 nb−1, were used. The scaling factors in the ratio are determined using a novel approach based on the →−+ cross sections measured in the same events. The scaled ratio for + is consistent with unity for all event multiplicities, putting stringent constraints on nuclear modification for heavy flavor.We acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3, and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.).Open access publication funded by CERN.Peer reviewe
SMARCAD1 and TOPBP1 contribute to heterochromatin maintenance at the transition from the 2C-like to the pluripotent state
No full textChromocenters are established after the 2-cell (2C) stage during mouse embryonic development, but the factors that mediate chromocenter formation remain largely unknown. To identify regulators of 2C heterochromatin establishment in mice, we generated an inducible system to convert embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to 2C-like cells. This conversion is marked by a global reorganization and dispersion of H3K9me3-heterochromatin foci, which are then reversibly formed upon re-entry into pluripotency. By profiling the chromatin-bound proteome (chromatome) through genome capture of ESCs transitioning to 2C-like cells, we uncover chromatin regulators involved in de novo heterochromatin formation. We identified TOPBP1 and investigated its binding partner SMARCAD1. SMARCAD1 and TOPBP1 associate with H3K9me3-heterochromatin in ESCs. Interestingly, the nuclear localization of SMARCAD1 is lost in 2C-like cells. SMARCAD1 or TOPBP1 depletion in mouse embryos leads to developmental arrest, reduction of H3K9me3, and remodeling of heterochromatin foci. Collectively, our findings contribute to comprehending the maintenance of chromocenters during early development.This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme
(No 686637 and No 964342 to MPC), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant no. PID2020-
114080GB I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and grant no. BFU2017-86760-P/AEI/FEDER, UE to
MPC), an AGAUR grant from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Cata lunya (2021-SGR2021-01300 to MPC), Fundació La Marató de TV3 (202027-10 to MPC), and National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No 31971177 to MPC); Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry
and Competitiveness (MEIC) (PID2019-108322GB-100 to LDC), and from AGAUR (LDC). We acknowl edge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the
Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme. The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is
part of the Spanish Infrastructure for Omics Technologies (ICTS OmicsTech) and it is a member of the
ProteoRed PRB3 consortium which is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I+D+i 2013–2016 from
the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and ERDF. RS-P was supported by a FI-AGAUR PhD fellow ship from the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de la
Generalitat de Catalunya and the co-finance of Fondo Social Europeo (2018FI_B_00637 and FSE). XT
is supported by an FPI PhD fellowship from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PRE2018-085107).
SA is funded by the Ramon y Cajal program of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades,
and the European Social Fund under the reference number RYC-2018-025002-I, and the Instituto de
Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI19/01814). LM is supported by a grant for the recruitment of early-stage
research staff FI-2020 (Operational Program of Catalonia 2014–2020 CCI grant no. 2014ES05SFOP007
of the European Social Fund) and La Caixa Foundation fellowship (LCF/BQ/DR20/11790016). MP was
supported by a Severo Ochoa PhD fellowship from the Subprograma Estatal de Formación del Minis terio de Economía y Competitividad (BES-2015-072802). MVN is funded by FP7/2007–2013 under an
REA grant (608959) and Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación 2017.Peer reviewe
Multi-band study of the flaring mode emission in the transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038
No full textWe present a comprehensive study of the flaring mode of the transitional millisecond pulsar (tMSP) PSR J1023+0038 during its X-ray sub-luminous state, using strictly simultaneous X-ray, UV, optical, and radio observations. The X-ray flares exhibit UV and optical counterparts and coincide with the brightest radio flare observed in the past decade, reaching 1.2 mJy at 6 GHz and lasting ∼1 hour. During the flare, the optical polarisation drops from ≃ 1.4% to ≃0.5%, indicating the emergence of an unpolarised component. We propose that the thickening of the disc, which enlarges the shock region between the pulsar wind and the accretion flow and may drive the X-ray flaring observed in tMSPs, enhances the ionisation level of the disc, thereby generating an increased number of free electrons. These electrons could then be channelled by magnetic field lines into the jet. This increased jet mass-loading could drive the associated radio and optical variability. The radio spectral evolution during flares is consistent with synchrotron self-absorption in jet ejecta or internal shocks within the compact jet. We infer radio polarisation upper limits (< 8.7%, < 2.3%, and < 8.2%, before, during, and after the radio flare) that further support a compact jet origin but do not rule out discrete ejections. Our findings suggest that tMSPs could serve as essential laboratories for investigating jet-launching mechanisms, mainly because they operate under very low mass accretion rates. This accretion regime has not been explored before in the context of accretion-ejection coupling.MCB is supported by the INAF-Astrofit fellowship. FCZ is supported by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2021-030888-I). AKH is supported by NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2021-0400. FC is supported by the Royal Society through the Newton International Fellowship programme (NIF/R1/211296). SC and PD’A are supported by ASI grant I/004/11/5. ADM and FLM are supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) via contract ASI-INAF-2022-19-HH.0. AP and DdM are supported by ASI and INAF under agreements ASI-INAF I/037/12/0, ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0, INAF Sostegno alla ricerca, and INAF SKA/CTA projects. AP acknowledges support from the Fondazione Cariplo/Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, grant no. 2023-2560. FCZ, SCa, PD’A, AP, DdM, and GI are supported by the INAF-FANS project and MUR PRIN 2020 grant GEMS 2020BRP57Z. DMR and KA are supported by Tamkeen under the NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute grant CASS. DFT is supported by the grant PID2021-124581OB-I00 funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and 2021SGR00426. GI is supported by the AASS Ph.D. program with INAF collaboration. NR is funded by ERC Horizon 2020 grants MAGNESIA (No. 817661) and DeepSpacePulse (No. 101189496). This work is supported by the Spanish Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M and MCIU with EU NextGeneration EU funding (PRTR-C17.I1). Based on observations collected under ESO programme 113.27RE.001.With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)Peer reviewe
Planetary Health Diet
No full textIm Lancet wurde 2019 einer medizinischen Leserschaft der Einfluss der Ernährung auf die Gesundheit unseres Planeten dargestellt. Die sogenannte Planetary Health Diet (PHD) wurde aus einer globalen, mehrdimensionalen Sichtweise heraus entwickelt, und nicht allein in ihrer Beziehung zur Individualgesundheit. Als Kernbotschaft wird eine pflanzenbetonte Ernährung empfohlen. In der Folge gab es viel Kritik, Lob und Fragen zur Relevanz für den Alltag.Peer reviewe
Opportunities and Challenges of the Use of Forgetting in Symbolic XAI
No full textThe increasing use of artificial intelligence systems (especially those based on black-box algorithms) in decision models that affect humans is leading to an increase in demand for explainable AI (XAI) and models aligned with human values and norms. Recently, symbolic reasoning approaches, such as Answer Set Programming (ASP), have re-emerged as an alternative solution to create transparent and interpretable models more easily auditable. However, this explainability may expose private information (with ethical and legal implications). Although it is possible to manipulate the justifications (to hide sensitive information), ASP forgetting techniques are gaining relevance because they allow to remove such information from the models as well, thus allowing to audit them without compromising the users’ privacy and comply with GDPR data minimization principle. On the other hand, black box models cannot provide such explanations, so to ensure privacy preservation a naive approach is to learn Machine Learning (ML) models using a dataset from which sensitive attributes are removed, but this solution may affect accuracy. In this paper we present Privacy-ML, a complex scheme that is trained with sensitive information but then does not require such information when performing classification (improving the accuracy of naive approaches). Additionally, we have identified that a Privacy-ML based on Inductive Logic Programming can also be used by a malicious agent in combination with forgetting to obfuscate their deceptive profiling practices in such a way that it cannot be directly detected by someone reading the explanations it produces or by auditing the model.This work has been supported by grant VAE: TED2021-131295B-C33/C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR“, by grant COSASS: PID2021-123673OB-C32 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”.Peer reviewe